渤南低渗透油田含油污水生化处理技术研究
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摘要
胜利油田年产原油约2670万吨,其中低渗透油田原油产量占总产量9.5%,比例还将逐渐增加。低渗透油层孔喉半径小,对注入的水质要求很高,如果污水未达到回注水的要求,很容易造成地层空隙堵塞,这将会使回注水泵压力提高,增加运行成本,严重时还会直接影响原油的生产。
胜利油田已有18座注水站设置了精细过滤系统,在一定时期内对低渗透区块的开发和稳定生产起到了积极作用。但由于回注污水中含有低浓度的原油,以及长期在高腐蚀、高结垢的采出水环境下运行,上述设备逐渐显示出再生困难、过滤能力衰减严重、滤芯穿孔等问题,直接影响水质和处理能力,对注水稳产极为不利。含油污水的生化处理技术由于不产生二次污染、出水水质好、成本低等优点被广泛关注。
论文的研究内容共分五个部分。第一部分是文献综述;第二部分是烃类降解菌的筛选及评价;第三部分是室内模拟污水生化实验;第四部分是污水处理现场中试试验;第五部分是结论。
本文以渤南低渗透油田含油污水为试验对象,筛选出烃类降解菌,采用生物接触氧化技术处理油田污水,进行了室内模拟研究和现场中试试验。主要结论如下:
1、经过多次富集和驯化,筛选到2株烃类降解菌,命名为PZ-1和PZ-2。经鉴定PZ-1为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),PZ-2为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),对原油的降解率分别为47.5%和41.2%,混合投加可以达到56.8%。摇瓶试验表明:当含油污水的pH值为7~9时、温度在40℃~50℃之间、矿化度在7000mg/L~12000mg/L之间时菌株对原油的降解率都在50%以上。如果以硝酸铵为主要氮源,可以明显提高对原油的去除效果,去除率达到70%左右。
2、进行了生物接触氧化处理含油污水的室内模拟研究,当溶解氧为3~4mg/L、污水停留时间从24h进行到8h时,都能够使水样中的油降到1mg/L以下,达到回注污水A1级标准。通过生物之间的竞争作用和高浓度的氧,有效地抑制了硫酸盐还原菌的生长,使腐蚀率控制在0.076 mm/a以下。
3、中试试验结果表明,气浮作为生化预处理可以增加生化单元的抗冲击能力,同时回收了污水中40%～60%的原油用于再利用,生物接触氧化可有效去除污水中的分散油和乳化油,当污水停留时间为8h时,含油量降低到1mg/L以下。处理后的污水pH值虽有所升高,但并没有影响油的去除效果。生物接触氧化法适用于渤南低渗透油田含油污水处理。
本论文的研究成果为渤南油田1500 m3/d回注污水站的建设提供了一定的理论基础和技术支撑。目前该污水站已于2009年1月正式投产运行。
About 26,700 thousand tons of crude oil is produced in Shengli oilfield each year, of which the yield in low-permeability oilfields is 2,500 thousand tons, about 9.5% of the total amount. Low permeability oilfield requires the high quality injection water because of the small pore throat radius. If the wastewater can’t satisfy the requirement of reinjection water, the pore throat of stratum will be blocked easily, which will improve the pressure of reinjection pump, increase the operating costs, even directly influence the crude oil production in severe case.
18 water injection stations are equipped with fine filtration treatment systems in Shengli oilfield and it brought positive effect for the exploitation and steady production of the low-permeability blocks in Shengli oilfield in a certain period. However, with the prolonged run under highly erosive and fouling formative recovery water circumstances, many problems appear in the systems and the equipments such as difficult regeneration, serious attenuation of the filtration capacity, and even perforation damage of filter element, which immediately affect the water quality and certainly will have very unfavorable influence on the water injection production. Biological wastewater treatment technology has been paid more attention due to no secondary pollution, high water quality and low cost.
The content of this thesis was divided into five parts, including literature summarization, screening and characteristic evaluation of hydrocarbon degradation bacteria, laboratory simulation of oily wastewater biotreatment, pilot plant examination of wastewater treatment, and the conclusions in the last part.
The oily wastewater from Bonan low permeability oilfield was selected as our test object in this thesis. The hydrocarbon degradation bacteria was screened out, laboratory simulation and a pilot plant examination were carried out for the treatment of oily wastewater by biocontact oxidation technology . The main conclusions are as follows:
1. Two strains of HDB were screened out from oily wastewater by many times enrichment and purification, named as PZ-1 and PZ-2. The strain of PZ-1 was identified as Bacillus cereus and PZ-2 was Bacillus subtilis, which had the oil degradation capability of 47.5% and 41.2%, and 56.8% when the two strains were mixed together. The results of shaking flask experiment showed that removal rates of oil by the mixed strains were above 50 % when pH value of oilywastewater was 7~9, the temperature was 40℃~50℃and salinity was 7000mg/L~12000mg/L. If NH4NO3 was used as the main nitro source the removal effect of oil in wastewater could be improved obviously, the removal rate of oil was about 70%.
2. A laboratory simulation was carried out for the treatment of oily wastewater by biocontact oxidation technology. The result showed that the content of oil could be lower than 1 mg/L when the hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 24~8h and 3 ~4 mg/L dissolved oxygen, which is satisfied with the A1 level of injection water quality. The sulfated-reducing bacteria could be restrained by biological competition and high concentration oxygen, the corrosion rate was controlled in less than 0.076mm/a.
3. The results of pilot scale test showed that shock resistance of biological treatment unit could be improved when floatation process was used as the biochemical pretreatment, and 40%～60% oil in wastewater could be recycled. The dispersed oil and emulsified oil in wastewater could be effectively removed by biocontact oxidation, the average oil content was below 1.0 mg/L when the HRT was 8h. The pH value of oilywastewate by the treatment of biocontact oxidation increased slightly, which had no obvious effect on the removal efficiency of oil. The biocontact oxidation technology is suitable for the treatement of oily wastewater from Bonan low permeability oilfield.
The results of this thesis would provide the theoretical basis and technologic support for the the construction of reinjection sewage station with daily capacity of 1500 m3/d in Bonan oilfield. Currently, the sewage station was put into operation formally in Jannary 2009.
胜利油田已有18座注水站设置了精细过滤系统,在一定时期内对低渗透区块的开发和稳定生产起到了积极作用。但由于回注污水中含有低浓度的原油,以及长期在高腐蚀、高结垢的采出水环境下运行,上述设备逐渐显示出再生困难、过滤能力衰减严重、滤芯穿孔等问题,直接影响水质和处理能力,对注水稳产极为不利。含油污水的生化处理技术由于不产生二次污染、出水水质好、成本低等优点被广泛关注。
论文的研究内容共分五个部分。第一部分是文献综述;第二部分是烃类降解菌的筛选及评价;第三部分是室内模拟污水生化实验;第四部分是污水处理现场中试试验;第五部分是结论。
本文以渤南低渗透油田含油污水为试验对象,筛选出烃类降解菌,采用生物接触氧化技术处理油田污水,进行了室内模拟研究和现场中试试验。主要结论如下:
1、经过多次富集和驯化,筛选到2株烃类降解菌,命名为PZ-1和PZ-2。经鉴定PZ-1为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),PZ-2为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),对原油的降解率分别为47.5%和41.2%,混合投加可以达到56.8%。摇瓶试验表明:当含油污水的pH值为7~9时、温度在40℃~50℃之间、矿化度在7000mg/L~12000mg/L之间时菌株对原油的降解率都在50%以上。如果以硝酸铵为主要氮源,可以明显提高对原油的去除效果,去除率达到70%左右。
2、进行了生物接触氧化处理含油污水的室内模拟研究,当溶解氧为3~4mg/L、污水停留时间从24h进行到8h时,都能够使水样中的油降到1mg/L以下,达到回注污水A1级标准。通过生物之间的竞争作用和高浓度的氧,有效地抑制了硫酸盐还原菌的生长,使腐蚀率控制在0.076 mm/a以下。
3、中试试验结果表明,气浮作为生化预处理可以增加生化单元的抗冲击能力,同时回收了污水中40%～60%的原油用于再利用,生物接触氧化可有效去除污水中的分散油和乳化油,当污水停留时间为8h时,含油量降低到1mg/L以下。处理后的污水pH值虽有所升高,但并没有影响油的去除效果。生物接触氧化法适用于渤南低渗透油田含油污水处理。
本论文的研究成果为渤南油田1500 m3/d回注污水站的建设提供了一定的理论基础和技术支撑。目前该污水站已于2009年1月正式投产运行。
About 26,700 thousand tons of crude oil is produced in Shengli oilfield each year, of which the yield in low-permeability oilfields is 2,500 thousand tons, about 9.5% of the total amount. Low permeability oilfield requires the high quality injection water because of the small pore throat radius. If the wastewater can’t satisfy the requirement of reinjection water, the pore throat of stratum will be blocked easily, which will improve the pressure of reinjection pump, increase the operating costs, even directly influence the crude oil production in severe case.
18 water injection stations are equipped with fine filtration treatment systems in Shengli oilfield and it brought positive effect for the exploitation and steady production of the low-permeability blocks in Shengli oilfield in a certain period. However, with the prolonged run under highly erosive and fouling formative recovery water circumstances, many problems appear in the systems and the equipments such as difficult regeneration, serious attenuation of the filtration capacity, and even perforation damage of filter element, which immediately affect the water quality and certainly will have very unfavorable influence on the water injection production. Biological wastewater treatment technology has been paid more attention due to no secondary pollution, high water quality and low cost.
The content of this thesis was divided into five parts, including literature summarization, screening and characteristic evaluation of hydrocarbon degradation bacteria, laboratory simulation of oily wastewater biotreatment, pilot plant examination of wastewater treatment, and the conclusions in the last part.
The oily wastewater from Bonan low permeability oilfield was selected as our test object in this thesis. The hydrocarbon degradation bacteria was screened out, laboratory simulation and a pilot plant examination were carried out for the treatment of oily wastewater by biocontact oxidation technology . The main conclusions are as follows:
1. Two strains of HDB were screened out from oily wastewater by many times enrichment and purification, named as PZ-1 and PZ-2. The strain of PZ-1 was identified as Bacillus cereus and PZ-2 was Bacillus subtilis, which had the oil degradation capability of 47.5% and 41.2%, and 56.8% when the two strains were mixed together. The results of shaking flask experiment showed that removal rates of oil by the mixed strains were above 50 % when pH value of oilywastewater was 7~9, the temperature was 40℃~50℃and salinity was 7000mg/L~12000mg/L. If NH4NO3 was used as the main nitro source the removal effect of oil in wastewater could be improved obviously, the removal rate of oil was about 70%.
2. A laboratory simulation was carried out for the treatment of oily wastewater by biocontact oxidation technology. The result showed that the content of oil could be lower than 1 mg/L when the hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 24~8h and 3 ~4 mg/L dissolved oxygen, which is satisfied with the A1 level of injection water quality. The sulfated-reducing bacteria could be restrained by biological competition and high concentration oxygen, the corrosion rate was controlled in less than 0.076mm/a.
3. The results of pilot scale test showed that shock resistance of biological treatment unit could be improved when floatation process was used as the biochemical pretreatment, and 40%～60% oil in wastewater could be recycled. The dispersed oil and emulsified oil in wastewater could be effectively removed by biocontact oxidation, the average oil content was below 1.0 mg/L when the HRT was 8h. The pH value of oilywastewate by the treatment of biocontact oxidation increased slightly, which had no obvious effect on the removal efficiency of oil. The biocontact oxidation technology is suitable for the treatement of oily wastewater from Bonan low permeability oilfield.
The results of this thesis would provide the theoretical basis and technologic support for the the construction of reinjection sewage station with daily capacity of 1500 m3/d in Bonan oilfield. Currently, the sewage station was put into operation formally in Jannary 2009.
引文
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