OPC客户端开发研究与应用
摘要
OPC全称是OLE for Process Control,即过程控制中的对象链接嵌入技术。OPC技术是基于Microsoft的COM/DCOM (组件对象模型/分布式组件对象模型)技术所要求的功能,制定的一个开放和互用式的工控行业的软件接口标准,在当今过程控制领域,是一种非常流行的数据交换技术,是实现控制系统现场设备级与过程管理级信息交互、实现控制系统开放性的中间件技术。
OPC技术采用CLIENT/SERVER模式,规定了OPC Client与OPC Server之间遵循标准的接口。OPC服务端一般由控制设备的生产厂商,将硬件设备驱动程序和通信程序封装成独立的OPC服务器,向OPC客户端实时地提供数据。OPC客户端由使用设备的客户自己开发,可以不包含任何通讯接口程序,不必关心底层的硬件设备特性,也不必考虑软硬件如何通讯,只要遵循OPC规范,就能够从OPC服务器中获取数据,从而实现数据的灵活配置和多种系统的真正集成。由于OPC服务端与客户端之间的接口是标准的,因此可以开发出通用的OPC客户端,使不同的应用访问同一台设备或使同一个应用访问不同的设备。
论文首先介绍了OPC技术产生的背景,以及它的主要特点与发展状况,深入剖析了其核心COM/DCOM技术。然后重点分析了OPC数据访问规范(OPC DA)及OPC客户端与服务器的通信机制,介绍了如何用VC++开发客户端程序,这是本论文的核心。OPC客户端的开发解决了多线程编程、OPC接口实现和多视图显示等技术问题,完成了针对OPC DA规范进行源码级的开发工作,并充分考虑OPC DA最新3.0版与旧2.0版的不同之处,设计出能兼容新旧版本的客户端软件,实现了同时连接多个OPC服务器进行数据采集和管理维护功能。最后介绍了对OPC客户端程序的测试,经测试,该OPC客户端程序具有良好的安全性和可靠性,与OPC服务器能够很好协作,稳定、有效地获取服务器数据;并将OPC技术应用到“某钢铁厂高炉异常炉况预测、控制专家系统”实际项目的设计和开发过程,基于OPC技术的数据采集系统在工控现场实际运行得到较好效果。
总之,课题的研究和实践致力于对理解OPC内部机制和开发OPC客户端具体应用提供良好的参考,促进基于OPC中间件技术来构建现代控制信息系统的发展。
OPC is the generic OLE for Process Control, literally translated as the Object Linking and Embedding technology in process control. OPC specification is an open and interoperable software interface standards in the field of process control, based on the functions required by Microsoft's COM (Component Object Model) and DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model) technology. Today, in the field of process control, it is a very popular data exchange technology and the middleware technology that realizes information exchange between open system field equipment in control system and process management level, and lets the control system to be an open system.
OPC specification uses Client/Server mode, and defines the standard interface between OPC Client between OPC Server. In the OPC Server end, the control equipment manufacturers package the hardware device drivers and the communication program to be an independent OPC server providing real-time data to OPC Client. The OPC Client developed by customers who use the equipment is able to obtain data from the OPC server as long as following the OPC data interface protocol, also it may include no communication interface program, does not have to care about the hardware characteristics of the bottom, has no need to consider how to communicate between hardware and software. Thus it realizes the integration of flexible configuration of a variety of data and multi-system. Because the OPC Server and Client interface is the standard, it can develop a universal OPC Client that different applications with a visit to the same equipment or applications with a visit to different devices.
First, the paper introduces the background of OPC technology as well as its main characteristics and development, analyzes its core technology of COM/DCOM. Then, the paper studies the OPC Data Access specification and the communication mechanism between OPC client and server, introduces how to develop client program using the Visual C++. This is the core of this thesis. OPC Client Development resolved multithreaded programming, OPC interface and multi-view display technology problem, completed an OPC DA norms source-level development work. And fully consider the difference between latest OPC DA 3.0 version and the old version 2.0, designed to be compatible with the new and old versions of the client software. Achieved to connect multiple OPC server for data collection and functions of management and maintenance. Finally, introduces the testing procedures of OPC client. The testing results show that the OPC client has a good safety and reliability, and can access data from server stably and effectively. We apply OPC technology to design and develop the project of "the detection and control system of the abnormity in steel mill blast furnace". The performance of data collection system based on OPC technology in the field of control is more efficient.
Shortly, the studies and practice of the task provides a good reference to understand the internal mechanisms and develop OPC Client application, accelerate the development of modern information control systems based on OPC-based middleware technology.
OPC技术采用CLIENT/SERVER模式,规定了OPC Client与OPC Server之间遵循标准的接口。OPC服务端一般由控制设备的生产厂商,将硬件设备驱动程序和通信程序封装成独立的OPC服务器,向OPC客户端实时地提供数据。OPC客户端由使用设备的客户自己开发,可以不包含任何通讯接口程序,不必关心底层的硬件设备特性,也不必考虑软硬件如何通讯,只要遵循OPC规范,就能够从OPC服务器中获取数据,从而实现数据的灵活配置和多种系统的真正集成。由于OPC服务端与客户端之间的接口是标准的,因此可以开发出通用的OPC客户端,使不同的应用访问同一台设备或使同一个应用访问不同的设备。
论文首先介绍了OPC技术产生的背景,以及它的主要特点与发展状况,深入剖析了其核心COM/DCOM技术。然后重点分析了OPC数据访问规范(OPC DA)及OPC客户端与服务器的通信机制,介绍了如何用VC++开发客户端程序,这是本论文的核心。OPC客户端的开发解决了多线程编程、OPC接口实现和多视图显示等技术问题,完成了针对OPC DA规范进行源码级的开发工作,并充分考虑OPC DA最新3.0版与旧2.0版的不同之处,设计出能兼容新旧版本的客户端软件,实现了同时连接多个OPC服务器进行数据采集和管理维护功能。最后介绍了对OPC客户端程序的测试,经测试,该OPC客户端程序具有良好的安全性和可靠性,与OPC服务器能够很好协作,稳定、有效地获取服务器数据;并将OPC技术应用到“某钢铁厂高炉异常炉况预测、控制专家系统”实际项目的设计和开发过程,基于OPC技术的数据采集系统在工控现场实际运行得到较好效果。
总之,课题的研究和实践致力于对理解OPC内部机制和开发OPC客户端具体应用提供良好的参考,促进基于OPC中间件技术来构建现代控制信息系统的发展。
OPC is the generic OLE for Process Control, literally translated as the Object Linking and Embedding technology in process control. OPC specification is an open and interoperable software interface standards in the field of process control, based on the functions required by Microsoft's COM (Component Object Model) and DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model) technology. Today, in the field of process control, it is a very popular data exchange technology and the middleware technology that realizes information exchange between open system field equipment in control system and process management level, and lets the control system to be an open system.
OPC specification uses Client/Server mode, and defines the standard interface between OPC Client between OPC Server. In the OPC Server end, the control equipment manufacturers package the hardware device drivers and the communication program to be an independent OPC server providing real-time data to OPC Client. The OPC Client developed by customers who use the equipment is able to obtain data from the OPC server as long as following the OPC data interface protocol, also it may include no communication interface program, does not have to care about the hardware characteristics of the bottom, has no need to consider how to communicate between hardware and software. Thus it realizes the integration of flexible configuration of a variety of data and multi-system. Because the OPC Server and Client interface is the standard, it can develop a universal OPC Client that different applications with a visit to the same equipment or applications with a visit to different devices.
First, the paper introduces the background of OPC technology as well as its main characteristics and development, analyzes its core technology of COM/DCOM. Then, the paper studies the OPC Data Access specification and the communication mechanism between OPC client and server, introduces how to develop client program using the Visual C++. This is the core of this thesis. OPC Client Development resolved multithreaded programming, OPC interface and multi-view display technology problem, completed an OPC DA norms source-level development work. And fully consider the difference between latest OPC DA 3.0 version and the old version 2.0, designed to be compatible with the new and old versions of the client software. Achieved to connect multiple OPC server for data collection and functions of management and maintenance. Finally, introduces the testing procedures of OPC client. The testing results show that the OPC client has a good safety and reliability, and can access data from server stably and effectively. We apply OPC technology to design and develop the project of "the detection and control system of the abnormity in steel mill blast furnace". The performance of data collection system based on OPC technology in the field of control is more efficient.
Shortly, the studies and practice of the task provides a good reference to understand the internal mechanisms and develop OPC Client application, accelerate the development of modern information control systems based on OPC-based middleware technology.
引文
[1] 阳宪惠,邸丽清,冯大为.OPC 技术及其对工控系统开放性的影响[J].工业控制计算机.2002.9.31-34
[2] 陈伟彬,刘晓光,凌志浩.OPC 技术在控制系统集成中的应用[J].自动化仪表.2003.24(3).67-70
[3] 任思成,王书鹤,亓克贵.新一代工业过程控制软件接口标准-OPC 技术[J].仪器仪表学报.2002.(1).21-23
[4] 阳宪惠.开放工控系统中间件-OPC 技术[J].自动化博览.2002. 9(2).6-8
[5] 张智杰,张燕燕.OPC 技术与应用[J].信息技术.2002.(3).70-72
[6] 吕静,范毅.OPC 技术在工厂综合自动化系统集成中的应用研究[J].兵工自动化.2002.(5)7-9
[7] OPC 国际基金会中国办事处.OPC 技术综述[M].北京:OPC 国际基金会中国办事处.2005
[8] OPC Foundation. OLE for Process Control Data Access Standard Version 1.0 [S].http:// www. opcfoundation.org. September 11.1997
[9] OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 2.0 [S].www.opcfoundation. org .1998
[10] OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 3.0 [S].www.opcfoundation. org .2004
[11] OPC Foundation.OPC Complex Data Specification Version 1.00[S]. http://www.opcfoundation. org .December 10, 2003
[12] http://www.opcchina.org
[13] 成功,杨佃福,陆丽萍.OPC 技术应用初探[J].计算机工程.2002.(2).78-79
[14] 潘爱民.COM 原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2000.9-330
[15] 余英,梁刚.Visual C++实践与提高-COM 和 COM+篇[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2001
[16] 李炎新.COM 中连接点及其在 OPC 数据采集中的应用[J].工业控制计算机.2000.13(5).23-25
[17] 顾键,王京春,黄德先.OPC-COM 技术在工业自动化软件中的应用[J].计算机工程与应用.2002.(12).58-61
[18] http://www.matrikon.com/drivers/opc/
[19] 陆会明,柳亦兵,罗毅.过程控制软件标准接口剖析(1)—OPC 技术[J].现代电力.2002.(1).78-80
[20] 陆会明,白焰,罗毅.过程控制软件标准接口剖析(2)—OPC 技术的核心:COM[J].现代电力.2002.(2).93-96
[21] 蔡翔云,郑小虎,姜麟.OPC 规范及开发应用[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版).2002.(3).47-50
[22] 花新峰,负卫国.OPC 数据访问客户端开发方法讨论[J].现代电子技术.2005.19.120-123
[23] 邹云涛,吴重光. OPC DA 客户端的三种实现方式[J].自动化博览.2004(1).51-53
[24] 任学军. OPC 客户开发技术[J].西北电力技术.2002(6).17-19
[25] 郭红晓,莫德举.OPC 技术及其软件的开发[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版).2002.(3).51-53
[26] 薛福珍,林盛荣,唐琰.基于 OPC 数据访问规范的客户端软件研究与开发[J].计算机工程.2002.28(4).229-231
[27] 季胜鹏,林中达.基于 OPC 规范的客户/服务器模型设计[J].电力自动化设备.2002.(11)
[28] 郑立(译).OPC 应用程序入门[M].日本 OPC 协会.2002
[29] 石林锁,王涛,刘顺波 . 基于 OPC 规范的客户应用程序实现 [J]. 微型计算机信息.2003 .19(5).68-71
[30] 徐云鹏.最新 Visual C++使用手册.电子工业出版社.2005
[31] Mayfield, Cadman 著.刘云,孔雷译.COM/DCOM 编程指南[M].清华大学出版社.2000
[32] 何海江.OPC 客户端关键技术实现.微计算机信息.2003.19(7).36-38
[33] 傅春霞,段建民.OPC 数据访问服务器的开发[J].工矿自动化.2004.(6)
[34] 凌志浩,陈伟彬,马欣,俞金寿.基于 OPC 数据存取规范的服务器研究与实现[J].华东理工大学学报.2004.(3)
[35] (美)BRENT RECTOR, CHRIS SELLS.深入解析 ATL(潘爱民等译).北京:中国电力出版社.2001.10
[36] 刘瑜、马竹梧.炼铁生产自动化技术.冶金工业出版社.2005.08
[37] 刘祥官、刘芳.高炉炼铁过程优化与智能控制系统.冶金工业出版社.2003.04
[38] 卢虎生,高炉异常炉况神经网络专家系统[J].北京科技大学学报.2003.2.43-45
[39] 西屋过程控制公司.OVTION 产品集过程控制及企业管理信息技术之大成.2004
[40] 何衍庆.集散控制系统原理及应用.北京:化学工业出版社.2003
[41] 张吉才.高炉炉体监测诊断技术[J].北京科技大学学报.2003.07.98-100
[42] 柴凯,侯立刚,姜军银.OPC 技术在工业过程控制中的应用研究.工业仪表与自动化装置,2005.3.70-72
[43] 汪洪涛,高憬,夏士雄.基于 Web 服务的 OPC XML DA 系统的研究[J].计算机应用研究.2006.(11).101-104
[2] 陈伟彬,刘晓光,凌志浩.OPC 技术在控制系统集成中的应用[J].自动化仪表.2003.24(3).67-70
[3] 任思成,王书鹤,亓克贵.新一代工业过程控制软件接口标准-OPC 技术[J].仪器仪表学报.2002.(1).21-23
[4] 阳宪惠.开放工控系统中间件-OPC 技术[J].自动化博览.2002. 9(2).6-8
[5] 张智杰,张燕燕.OPC 技术与应用[J].信息技术.2002.(3).70-72
[6] 吕静,范毅.OPC 技术在工厂综合自动化系统集成中的应用研究[J].兵工自动化.2002.(5)7-9
[7] OPC 国际基金会中国办事处.OPC 技术综述[M].北京:OPC 国际基金会中国办事处.2005
[8] OPC Foundation. OLE for Process Control Data Access Standard Version 1.0 [S].http:// www. opcfoundation.org. September 11.1997
[9] OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 2.0 [S].www.opcfoundation. org .1998
[10] OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 3.0 [S].www.opcfoundation. org .2004
[11] OPC Foundation.OPC Complex Data Specification Version 1.00[S]. http://www.opcfoundation. org .December 10, 2003
[12] http://www.opcchina.org
[13] 成功,杨佃福,陆丽萍.OPC 技术应用初探[J].计算机工程.2002.(2).78-79
[14] 潘爱民.COM 原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2000.9-330
[15] 余英,梁刚.Visual C++实践与提高-COM 和 COM+篇[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2001
[16] 李炎新.COM 中连接点及其在 OPC 数据采集中的应用[J].工业控制计算机.2000.13(5).23-25
[17] 顾键,王京春,黄德先.OPC-COM 技术在工业自动化软件中的应用[J].计算机工程与应用.2002.(12).58-61
[18] http://www.matrikon.com/drivers/opc/
[19] 陆会明,柳亦兵,罗毅.过程控制软件标准接口剖析(1)—OPC 技术[J].现代电力.2002.(1).78-80
[20] 陆会明,白焰,罗毅.过程控制软件标准接口剖析(2)—OPC 技术的核心:COM[J].现代电力.2002.(2).93-96
[21] 蔡翔云,郑小虎,姜麟.OPC 规范及开发应用[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版).2002.(3).47-50
[22] 花新峰,负卫国.OPC 数据访问客户端开发方法讨论[J].现代电子技术.2005.19.120-123
[23] 邹云涛,吴重光. OPC DA 客户端的三种实现方式[J].自动化博览.2004(1).51-53
[24] 任学军. OPC 客户开发技术[J].西北电力技术.2002(6).17-19
[25] 郭红晓,莫德举.OPC 技术及其软件的开发[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版).2002.(3).51-53
[26] 薛福珍,林盛荣,唐琰.基于 OPC 数据访问规范的客户端软件研究与开发[J].计算机工程.2002.28(4).229-231
[27] 季胜鹏,林中达.基于 OPC 规范的客户/服务器模型设计[J].电力自动化设备.2002.(11)
[28] 郑立(译).OPC 应用程序入门[M].日本 OPC 协会.2002
[29] 石林锁,王涛,刘顺波 . 基于 OPC 规范的客户应用程序实现 [J]. 微型计算机信息.2003 .19(5).68-71
[30] 徐云鹏.最新 Visual C++使用手册.电子工业出版社.2005
[31] Mayfield, Cadman 著.刘云,孔雷译.COM/DCOM 编程指南[M].清华大学出版社.2000
[32] 何海江.OPC 客户端关键技术实现.微计算机信息.2003.19(7).36-38
[33] 傅春霞,段建民.OPC 数据访问服务器的开发[J].工矿自动化.2004.(6)
[34] 凌志浩,陈伟彬,马欣,俞金寿.基于 OPC 数据存取规范的服务器研究与实现[J].华东理工大学学报.2004.(3)
[35] (美)BRENT RECTOR, CHRIS SELLS.深入解析 ATL(潘爱民等译).北京:中国电力出版社.2001.10
[36] 刘瑜、马竹梧.炼铁生产自动化技术.冶金工业出版社.2005.08
[37] 刘祥官、刘芳.高炉炼铁过程优化与智能控制系统.冶金工业出版社.2003.04
[38] 卢虎生,高炉异常炉况神经网络专家系统[J].北京科技大学学报.2003.2.43-45
[39] 西屋过程控制公司.OVTION 产品集过程控制及企业管理信息技术之大成.2004
[40] 何衍庆.集散控制系统原理及应用.北京:化学工业出版社.2003
[41] 张吉才.高炉炉体监测诊断技术[J].北京科技大学学报.2003.07.98-100
[42] 柴凯,侯立刚,姜军银.OPC 技术在工业过程控制中的应用研究.工业仪表与自动化装置,2005.3.70-72
[43] 汪洪涛,高憬,夏士雄.基于 Web 服务的 OPC XML DA 系统的研究[J].计算机应用研究.2006.(11).101-104