碱金属在高炉冶炼中反应行为的研究
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摘要
本文以石钢高炉生产条件为基础,对石钢高炉中碱金属平衡进行了调查研究,并利用实验室模拟设备,研究了高炉内碱金属的反应机理与分配规律。通过研究发现:
石钢高炉的碱金属(K2O+Na2O)负荷较高,为5.2~5.5kg/tFe。其中由烧结矿带入的碱金属占碱金属负荷的70%左右,球团矿和焦炭各占碱金属负荷的10%左右,其它炉料带入量较少。石钢高炉总排碱率为73%~79%,其中炉渣排碱率为68%~77%,炉顶煤气排碱率为5%左右。石钢高炉蓄积率保持在0.227~0.282kg/tFe·h之间,高炉处于蓄积期,且蓄积率较高。所以,建议石钢高炉的碱金属负荷临界值选取为4.0 kg/tFe。
在高温熔炼区碱金属硅酸盐大量分解形成碱金属蒸气并附着在炉料上,吸附量高达2.1%左右,到化学储备区炉料的吸附量最高达2.8%左右,到低温预热、预还原区炉料的吸附量又下降到0.3%左右。碱金属的吸附受炉料粒度大小的影响,平均粒度从17mm降到11mm,吸附量会从0.3%提高到1.3%。附着在炉料上的碱金属化合物对焦炭的熔损反应有催化作用,K2O含量超过1.5%,焦炭反应性会提高约23%左右,焦炭反应后强度降低约40%左右。碱金属化合物还会加速铁矿石的还原反应,使低温还原粉化率提高,当K2O含量超过2.56%,烧结矿的RDI值提高约30%,K2O含量超过1.5%,球团矿的RDI值提高约15%。
选择合适的炉渣化学成分,应兼顾排碱与脱硫。根据石钢炉渣模拟试验结果,建议石钢高炉正常生产的炉渣碱度(CaO/SiO_2)应保持在1.0左右,SiO2%应保持在37%左右,MgO%应保持在12%左右,Al_2O_3%应保持在14%左右。在石钢炉渣化学成分的基础上,将CaO/SiO_2变为1.0后,炉渣排碱率为26%,生铁硫含量小于0.027%;将SiO_2%变为37%后,炉渣排碱率为21%,生铁硫含量为0.026%;将MgO%变为12%后,炉渣排碱率为24%,生铁硫含量为0.0261%;将Al2O3%变为15%后,炉渣排碱率为24%,生铁硫含量为0.0275%。
石钢高炉渣量降低所造成的排碱量下降是高炉碱金属危害的主要原因。
The balance of the alkali metals were investigated and studied the on the basis of ShiGang BF’production conditions and reaction mechanism and distribution law of alkali metals were studied in BF via the experimental analogue equipment. The research showed: The alkali metals loads of ShiGang BFs were high, between 5.2 kg/tFe to 5.5kg/tFe. Among it, the alkali metals amount in the sinter was about 69%, either pellet or coke was about 10%, other charges were little. The total removing alkali rate of ShiGang BFs were 73% to 79%. Among it, removing alkali metals rate of slag is 68% to 77% and top gas is 5%. The accumulation rates of the alkali metals of ShiGang BFs were 0.227kg/tFe·h to 0.282kg/tFe·h and BFs were in accumulation age. Thus it suggested that ShiGang critical alkali metals load is 4.0 kg/tFe.
In the high temperature smelting zone the alkali metals silicate decomposed into the alkali metals evaporation and the alkali metals evaporation adhered on charges and the adsorption amount was as much as 2.1%. The amount of adsorption in chemical reservation zone was 2.8% and the low temperature prereduction zone is about 0.3%
The size of charges can affect the amount of the alkali metals absorption. When the size decreased from 17mm to 11mm, the alkali metals absorption amount would increase from 0.3% to 1.3%. The alkali metals adhering on charges had a catalytic effect on melting reaction of coke. When K2O% was above 1.5 that CRI would be increased 23% and CSR would be decreased 40%. The alkali metals also can accelerate the reduce reaction and increase RDI of the iron ore. When K2O% was above 2.56% the RDI of sinter would be increased 30% and when K2O% was above 1.5% the RDI of pellet would be increased 15%
To choose an appropriate chemical composition of slag, both removing alkali metals and desulphurization should be considered. According of experimental results it suggested ShiGang BF slag should be that basicity was 1.0, SiO2% was 37%, MgO% was 12% and Al2O3% was 15%. On the basis of the ShiGang BF slag chemical compositions, when basicity (CaO/SiO2) chaged to about 1.0 that the rate of removing alkali metals was 26% and the [S] was 0.027%; When SiO2% equaled to about 37% that the rate of removing alkali metals was 21% and the [S] was 0.026%; When Al2O3% equaled to about 15% that the rate of removing alkali metals was 24% and the [S] was 0.0275%. Because of technique progress, the quantity of slag decreased which resulted in the rate of removing alkali metals decreasing. It was the main reason of the alkali metals hazard to ShiGang BFs.
石钢高炉的碱金属(K2O+Na2O)负荷较高,为5.2~5.5kg/tFe。其中由烧结矿带入的碱金属占碱金属负荷的70%左右,球团矿和焦炭各占碱金属负荷的10%左右,其它炉料带入量较少。石钢高炉总排碱率为73%~79%,其中炉渣排碱率为68%~77%,炉顶煤气排碱率为5%左右。石钢高炉蓄积率保持在0.227~0.282kg/tFe·h之间,高炉处于蓄积期,且蓄积率较高。所以,建议石钢高炉的碱金属负荷临界值选取为4.0 kg/tFe。
在高温熔炼区碱金属硅酸盐大量分解形成碱金属蒸气并附着在炉料上,吸附量高达2.1%左右,到化学储备区炉料的吸附量最高达2.8%左右,到低温预热、预还原区炉料的吸附量又下降到0.3%左右。碱金属的吸附受炉料粒度大小的影响,平均粒度从17mm降到11mm,吸附量会从0.3%提高到1.3%。附着在炉料上的碱金属化合物对焦炭的熔损反应有催化作用,K2O含量超过1.5%,焦炭反应性会提高约23%左右,焦炭反应后强度降低约40%左右。碱金属化合物还会加速铁矿石的还原反应,使低温还原粉化率提高,当K2O含量超过2.56%,烧结矿的RDI值提高约30%,K2O含量超过1.5%,球团矿的RDI值提高约15%。
选择合适的炉渣化学成分,应兼顾排碱与脱硫。根据石钢炉渣模拟试验结果,建议石钢高炉正常生产的炉渣碱度(CaO/SiO_2)应保持在1.0左右,SiO2%应保持在37%左右,MgO%应保持在12%左右,Al_2O_3%应保持在14%左右。在石钢炉渣化学成分的基础上,将CaO/SiO_2变为1.0后,炉渣排碱率为26%,生铁硫含量小于0.027%;将SiO_2%变为37%后,炉渣排碱率为21%,生铁硫含量为0.026%;将MgO%变为12%后,炉渣排碱率为24%,生铁硫含量为0.0261%;将Al2O3%变为15%后,炉渣排碱率为24%,生铁硫含量为0.0275%。
石钢高炉渣量降低所造成的排碱量下降是高炉碱金属危害的主要原因。
The balance of the alkali metals were investigated and studied the on the basis of ShiGang BF’production conditions and reaction mechanism and distribution law of alkali metals were studied in BF via the experimental analogue equipment. The research showed: The alkali metals loads of ShiGang BFs were high, between 5.2 kg/tFe to 5.5kg/tFe. Among it, the alkali metals amount in the sinter was about 69%, either pellet or coke was about 10%, other charges were little. The total removing alkali rate of ShiGang BFs were 73% to 79%. Among it, removing alkali metals rate of slag is 68% to 77% and top gas is 5%. The accumulation rates of the alkali metals of ShiGang BFs were 0.227kg/tFe·h to 0.282kg/tFe·h and BFs were in accumulation age. Thus it suggested that ShiGang critical alkali metals load is 4.0 kg/tFe.
In the high temperature smelting zone the alkali metals silicate decomposed into the alkali metals evaporation and the alkali metals evaporation adhered on charges and the adsorption amount was as much as 2.1%. The amount of adsorption in chemical reservation zone was 2.8% and the low temperature prereduction zone is about 0.3%
The size of charges can affect the amount of the alkali metals absorption. When the size decreased from 17mm to 11mm, the alkali metals absorption amount would increase from 0.3% to 1.3%. The alkali metals adhering on charges had a catalytic effect on melting reaction of coke. When K2O% was above 1.5 that CRI would be increased 23% and CSR would be decreased 40%. The alkali metals also can accelerate the reduce reaction and increase RDI of the iron ore. When K2O% was above 2.56% the RDI of sinter would be increased 30% and when K2O% was above 1.5% the RDI of pellet would be increased 15%
To choose an appropriate chemical composition of slag, both removing alkali metals and desulphurization should be considered. According of experimental results it suggested ShiGang BF slag should be that basicity was 1.0, SiO2% was 37%, MgO% was 12% and Al2O3% was 15%. On the basis of the ShiGang BF slag chemical compositions, when basicity (CaO/SiO2) chaged to about 1.0 that the rate of removing alkali metals was 26% and the [S] was 0.027%; When SiO2% equaled to about 37% that the rate of removing alkali metals was 21% and the [S] was 0.026%; When Al2O3% equaled to about 15% that the rate of removing alkali metals was 24% and the [S] was 0.0275%. Because of technique progress, the quantity of slag decreased which resulted in the rate of removing alkali metals decreasing. It was the main reason of the alkali metals hazard to ShiGang BFs.
引文
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