团队知识创新过程及其管理研究
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摘要
知识创新是国家科技发展的源泉和获取竞争力的关键,也是我国构建国家创新体系的重要组成部分。知识创新过程及其管理问题的提出正是出于知识创新对国家、企业、科研院所以及个人重要性的思考。本研究基于心理学、管理学、系统动力学、协同学以及复杂网络等相关理论和方法,以知识创新过程为研究对象,以知识创新的内涵界定、知识创新过程的实质分析及知识创新的维度设定为研究基础,以知识创新宏观过程的模型构建和微观过程的演化机理为研究核心,通过数学仿真,揭示知识创新过程中的网络复杂关系和动力学特性。最后分析知识创新系统的构成和特性,引入协同管理方式,对知识创新系统进行整体控制和管理,从多方面、多角度提出团队知识创新的协同管理策略,以促进知识创新过程的顺利实施和绩效的提高。最终通过案例分析,判断和检验以上研究结论。
首先,作为理论研究的基础,本文从管理学和心理学角度对知识创新和创造力的相关理论进行了全面的回顾与评述,从层次范围,创新主体、心理学及系统学的角度对知识创新的内涵进行界定。剖析知识创新过程的实质,分析知识创新主体特性,规划了本文知识创新的理论框架。从客观角度和主观角度对知识障碍因素进行归纳分析;并从个人与团队角度对知识创新促进因素进行全面、系统的挖掘。分析各个因素在知识创新中具体作用,并根据因素的职能和作用划分它们之间的关系,通过总体结构等级分析法确定邻接矩阵,进行定量化描述,建立了团队知识创新维度模型,分析三个维度在知识创新中的作用及相互关系,为后续团队知识创新宏观过程和微观过程的模型参数设定及团队知识创新管理优化奠定基础。
其次,本文从知识创新宏观过程的定性研究入手,分五个阶段来论述知识创新过程中的创新主体的思维进程及知识活动的特点和规律。即:知识积累阶段、知识分享和转化阶段、问题解决阶段、创新结果验证判断阶段、知识创新成果的网络传递阶段。在知识创新过程中的每个阶段中,知识活动都具有其独特的方式。知识创新过程本身是很难预测的;团队知识创新宏观过程具有知识密集性循环过程,需要创新主体的创造力;团队知识创新是呈非线性网络结构,需要主体的交流和协同。根据团队知识创新的三个维度、知识创新过程定性研究及特征分析,对知识创新进行定量描述,建立个人、群体及团队知识创新宏观过程数学模型,并仿真模拟。
再次,从复杂网络的角度对知识创新微观过程的动态演化机理进行深入分析。挖掘想法激发创新点的原理,构建想法激发创新点的微观动态模型,即基于想法激发创新点模型。在此基础上刻画团队中想法激发创新点的演化过程并分析其演化特性。基于想法激发创新点模型及演化特性,提出了想法激发创新点过程的两个评价指标,即想法激发创新点的知识创新演化过程的稳定性和创新强度,对这两个评价指标的知识创新演化过程仿真,其结果可以揭示团队知识创新的微观关系,从而探索相关参数影响其稳定性和创新强度的程度。
最后,在对知识创新系统构成及其特性全面分析的基础上,引入协同学思想,提出知识创新协同管理框架,对知识创新系统的整体协同动态效应进行分析,最终提出知识创新系统的协同管理具体策略,从系统角度进行全面优化和控制,以提高知识创新绩效。本文提出知识创新系统为开放的、动态的、整体性及相关性的较强的复杂系统;系统存在从无序结构到有序结构的形成过程,而且为远离平衡的有序地耗散结构,对其引入协同管理是必要可行的。在对系统中各个要素之间的静态协同关系分析的基础上,构建系统中各要素相互作用的反馈模型,根据此反馈机制建立系统动力学模型,利用模型求解得到知识创新绩效在进行协同管理时呈S型曲线,并分析形成的原因,根据原因结合实际,从多角度提出协同管理的具体策略。
Knowledge innovation is the headspring of the development of science and technol-ogy and the key to achieve the competitive power of our nation, which is also an importantportion to establish the innovation system in our country. The study of knowledge innova-tion process and management is obviously based on the consideration of the importanceof knowledge innovation contributing to our nation, enterprise, institutes and individu-als. This study is based on the theory and methods of psychology, management, systemicdynamics, synergetics and complex networks. The knowledge innovation process is ourresearch object, and the essence of knowledge innovation, the definition of knowledge in-novation, the analysis of the impact factors, and the analysis of dimension are our researchbasis. Establishment of the model of macro knowledge innovation process and the mi-cro evolutive mechanism of knowledge innovation are our research key points. Throughmathematical simulation, we discovered the the complex network relationships and dy-namic characteristics in the process of knowledge innovation. We further analyzed thecomposition and characteristics of knowledge innovation system, introduced the patternof collaborative management, and substantially applied the systemic control and man-agement on knowledge innovation system. We proposed the collaborative managementstrategy from multi aspects to promote the knowledge innovation in teams, which pro-moted the knowledge innovation process and improved the efficiency. In the end, wesuccessfully applied and tested our study through case analysis.
Firstly, as our research basis, we sufficiently reviewed and analyzed the relative the-ories of knowledge innovation and creativity from the aspects of management and psy-chology in this study. Subsequently, we defined the concept of knowledge innovationaccording to the extend of level, the body of creativity, and the psychological and sys-temic aspects. We anatomized the substance of knowledge innovation, analyzed the mainbody of knowledge innovation, and structured the theoretical frame of this study. Wefurther analyzed the prohibitive factors of knowledge innovation from the objective andsubjective aspects. Meanwhile, from the aspects of individuals and teams, we thoroughlyexplored the stimulative of knowledge innovation .We analyzed the detailed actions ofthese stimulative in the process of knowledge innovation, we classified and quantitatively descripted their relationships, and we subsequently determined the dimensions of knowl-edge innovation of team. The analysis of the actions and relationships of these dimensionsin the process of knowledge innovation established the bases of the following setting ofmathematical descriptive parameters of knowledge innovation and the optimization thesystemic management in knowledge innovation.
Secondly, starting from the qualitative analysis in the macro-process of knowledgeinnovation, we discussed the thinking process of the main bodies and the characteristicsand rules in knowledge innovation by five phases, which include the knowledge accu-mulation stage, the share and transfer stage, the problem-resolving stage, the verificationand judgement of outcomes stage and the network spread stage of production. In eachphase of knowledge innovation macro-process, the activity of knowledge has its distinctpattern. Thus, it is unpredictable of the macro-process of knowledge innovation itself.The knowledge innovation macro-process of team is a circulatory process of compressiveknowledge, which requests the creativity from its members. The knowledge innovationof team is also a non-linear network structure, which requests the communications andcollaboration of its members. Furthermore, we quantitatively described knowledge in-novation and established the mathematical models of individuals, groups, and teams andsubsequently applied simulation, which based on the investigations of the dimensionalmodels and qualitative and characteristic analysis of the macro-process of knowledge in-novation.
Thirdly, we further investigated the micro-process dynamic evolutive mechanism ofknowledge innovation from the aspects of complex networks. In this study, we expoundedthe principle of idea inspired innovation, established the dynamic model of idea inspiredinnovation which is the model inspiring innovation from idea, and expounded the evolu-tive processes of idea inspired innovation in teams and analyzed the characteristic.We putforward two guidelines in the process of idea inspired innovation, which are the stabilityand innovation intensity during the knowledge innovation evolutive process in team. Wecould discover the micro relationship in knowledge innovation in team and explored theeffect of parameter on two guidelines through the simulation of evolutive process in team.
Finally, based on the complete analysis of the components and characteristics ofknowledge innovation system, we introduced the idea of synergetics and proposed thecollaborative management framework in knowledge innovation system. Through analysis of the systemic synergic dynamical effects, we finally proposed the collaborative man-agement strategies in knowledge innovation system in order to improve the efficiencyof knowledge innovation. We completely optimized and controlled the innovation sys-tem from multi aspects and further indicated the subsystems of knowledge innovation.Thus, the knowledge innovation system is an open, dynamical, systemic, correlative andcomplex system, in which there is the process from a disorderly structure to an orderlystructure. This system is a far from balanced and orderly dissipative structure, thus, it isnecessary and feasible to apply the collaborative management in it. We established thefeedback models on the interactions base on the analysis of static collaborative effect ofelements in knowledge innovation system and further established the systemic dynam-ical models through the systemic feedback mechanism. By solution of this model, weconcluded that the efficiency of knowledge innovation is of an S-type curve under the col-laborative management. We further analyzed the causes of its formation and correlatedwith the facts, finally, we provided the collaborative management strategies from multipleaspects.
首先,作为理论研究的基础,本文从管理学和心理学角度对知识创新和创造力的相关理论进行了全面的回顾与评述,从层次范围,创新主体、心理学及系统学的角度对知识创新的内涵进行界定。剖析知识创新过程的实质,分析知识创新主体特性,规划了本文知识创新的理论框架。从客观角度和主观角度对知识障碍因素进行归纳分析;并从个人与团队角度对知识创新促进因素进行全面、系统的挖掘。分析各个因素在知识创新中具体作用,并根据因素的职能和作用划分它们之间的关系,通过总体结构等级分析法确定邻接矩阵,进行定量化描述,建立了团队知识创新维度模型,分析三个维度在知识创新中的作用及相互关系,为后续团队知识创新宏观过程和微观过程的模型参数设定及团队知识创新管理优化奠定基础。
其次,本文从知识创新宏观过程的定性研究入手,分五个阶段来论述知识创新过程中的创新主体的思维进程及知识活动的特点和规律。即:知识积累阶段、知识分享和转化阶段、问题解决阶段、创新结果验证判断阶段、知识创新成果的网络传递阶段。在知识创新过程中的每个阶段中,知识活动都具有其独特的方式。知识创新过程本身是很难预测的;团队知识创新宏观过程具有知识密集性循环过程,需要创新主体的创造力;团队知识创新是呈非线性网络结构,需要主体的交流和协同。根据团队知识创新的三个维度、知识创新过程定性研究及特征分析,对知识创新进行定量描述,建立个人、群体及团队知识创新宏观过程数学模型,并仿真模拟。
再次,从复杂网络的角度对知识创新微观过程的动态演化机理进行深入分析。挖掘想法激发创新点的原理,构建想法激发创新点的微观动态模型,即基于想法激发创新点模型。在此基础上刻画团队中想法激发创新点的演化过程并分析其演化特性。基于想法激发创新点模型及演化特性,提出了想法激发创新点过程的两个评价指标,即想法激发创新点的知识创新演化过程的稳定性和创新强度,对这两个评价指标的知识创新演化过程仿真,其结果可以揭示团队知识创新的微观关系,从而探索相关参数影响其稳定性和创新强度的程度。
最后,在对知识创新系统构成及其特性全面分析的基础上,引入协同学思想,提出知识创新协同管理框架,对知识创新系统的整体协同动态效应进行分析,最终提出知识创新系统的协同管理具体策略,从系统角度进行全面优化和控制,以提高知识创新绩效。本文提出知识创新系统为开放的、动态的、整体性及相关性的较强的复杂系统;系统存在从无序结构到有序结构的形成过程,而且为远离平衡的有序地耗散结构,对其引入协同管理是必要可行的。在对系统中各个要素之间的静态协同关系分析的基础上,构建系统中各要素相互作用的反馈模型,根据此反馈机制建立系统动力学模型,利用模型求解得到知识创新绩效在进行协同管理时呈S型曲线,并分析形成的原因,根据原因结合实际,从多角度提出协同管理的具体策略。
Knowledge innovation is the headspring of the development of science and technol-ogy and the key to achieve the competitive power of our nation, which is also an importantportion to establish the innovation system in our country. The study of knowledge innova-tion process and management is obviously based on the consideration of the importanceof knowledge innovation contributing to our nation, enterprise, institutes and individu-als. This study is based on the theory and methods of psychology, management, systemicdynamics, synergetics and complex networks. The knowledge innovation process is ourresearch object, and the essence of knowledge innovation, the definition of knowledge in-novation, the analysis of the impact factors, and the analysis of dimension are our researchbasis. Establishment of the model of macro knowledge innovation process and the mi-cro evolutive mechanism of knowledge innovation are our research key points. Throughmathematical simulation, we discovered the the complex network relationships and dy-namic characteristics in the process of knowledge innovation. We further analyzed thecomposition and characteristics of knowledge innovation system, introduced the patternof collaborative management, and substantially applied the systemic control and man-agement on knowledge innovation system. We proposed the collaborative managementstrategy from multi aspects to promote the knowledge innovation in teams, which pro-moted the knowledge innovation process and improved the efficiency. In the end, wesuccessfully applied and tested our study through case analysis.
Firstly, as our research basis, we sufficiently reviewed and analyzed the relative the-ories of knowledge innovation and creativity from the aspects of management and psy-chology in this study. Subsequently, we defined the concept of knowledge innovationaccording to the extend of level, the body of creativity, and the psychological and sys-temic aspects. We anatomized the substance of knowledge innovation, analyzed the mainbody of knowledge innovation, and structured the theoretical frame of this study. Wefurther analyzed the prohibitive factors of knowledge innovation from the objective andsubjective aspects. Meanwhile, from the aspects of individuals and teams, we thoroughlyexplored the stimulative of knowledge innovation .We analyzed the detailed actions ofthese stimulative in the process of knowledge innovation, we classified and quantitatively descripted their relationships, and we subsequently determined the dimensions of knowl-edge innovation of team. The analysis of the actions and relationships of these dimensionsin the process of knowledge innovation established the bases of the following setting ofmathematical descriptive parameters of knowledge innovation and the optimization thesystemic management in knowledge innovation.
Secondly, starting from the qualitative analysis in the macro-process of knowledgeinnovation, we discussed the thinking process of the main bodies and the characteristicsand rules in knowledge innovation by five phases, which include the knowledge accu-mulation stage, the share and transfer stage, the problem-resolving stage, the verificationand judgement of outcomes stage and the network spread stage of production. In eachphase of knowledge innovation macro-process, the activity of knowledge has its distinctpattern. Thus, it is unpredictable of the macro-process of knowledge innovation itself.The knowledge innovation macro-process of team is a circulatory process of compressiveknowledge, which requests the creativity from its members. The knowledge innovationof team is also a non-linear network structure, which requests the communications andcollaboration of its members. Furthermore, we quantitatively described knowledge in-novation and established the mathematical models of individuals, groups, and teams andsubsequently applied simulation, which based on the investigations of the dimensionalmodels and qualitative and characteristic analysis of the macro-process of knowledge in-novation.
Thirdly, we further investigated the micro-process dynamic evolutive mechanism ofknowledge innovation from the aspects of complex networks. In this study, we expoundedthe principle of idea inspired innovation, established the dynamic model of idea inspiredinnovation which is the model inspiring innovation from idea, and expounded the evolu-tive processes of idea inspired innovation in teams and analyzed the characteristic.We putforward two guidelines in the process of idea inspired innovation, which are the stabilityand innovation intensity during the knowledge innovation evolutive process in team. Wecould discover the micro relationship in knowledge innovation in team and explored theeffect of parameter on two guidelines through the simulation of evolutive process in team.
Finally, based on the complete analysis of the components and characteristics ofknowledge innovation system, we introduced the idea of synergetics and proposed thecollaborative management framework in knowledge innovation system. Through analysis of the systemic synergic dynamical effects, we finally proposed the collaborative man-agement strategies in knowledge innovation system in order to improve the efficiencyof knowledge innovation. We completely optimized and controlled the innovation sys-tem from multi aspects and further indicated the subsystems of knowledge innovation.Thus, the knowledge innovation system is an open, dynamical, systemic, correlative andcomplex system, in which there is the process from a disorderly structure to an orderlystructure. This system is a far from balanced and orderly dissipative structure, thus, it isnecessary and feasible to apply the collaborative management in it. We established thefeedback models on the interactions base on the analysis of static collaborative effect ofelements in knowledge innovation system and further established the systemic dynam-ical models through the systemic feedback mechanism. By solution of this model, weconcluded that the efficiency of knowledge innovation is of an S-type curve under the col-laborative management. We further analyzed the causes of its formation and correlatedwith the facts, finally, we provided the collaborative management strategies from multipleaspects.
引文
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