运输企业发展第三方物流策略的研究
摘要
21世纪是知识经济、信息化时代。物流作为国家的主导行业，受到国家各级政府高度重视和大力支持。物流发展的快慢直接影响着国民经济的增长速度，影响着人民生活水平的提高。
随着物流概念在我国的传播，人们对物流的认识不断深化，企业和各级政府发展现代物流的积极性和主动性也在不断提高。但由于我国的国情同欧、美、日等发达国家不同，完全照搬别国的经验和模式往往难以取得满意的效果。为此，我们必须对国外物流理论和实践的成果进行消化、改进和吸收，弄清现代物流业形成和发展的一般原理，结合我国的具体实际，开发出符合我国国情的物流管理和运作方法，以指导我国现代物流业的发展。而作为传统运输业来说，现代物流对其冲击是显而易见的，在日益增长的客户需求和激烈竞争的市场环境下，运输企业现有的经营状况已经成为制约其发展的瓶颈。目前，一些国内外的运输企业正在努力探寻向现代第三方物流发展的道路，其中有许多诸如马士基、中外运之类的成功典范，也有不少失败的例证。
从国外运输企业在我国发展物流的经验来看，运输企业作为物流活动中不可或缺的重要角色，在发展第三方物流上具有其他类企业不可替代的优势，但要彻底地完成第三方物流的改革，为客户提供全方位、一体化的第三方物流服务还是一项十分艰巨的任务。针对运输企业的物流发展现状，并进一步地从理论的角度分析，本文给出了运输企业发展第三方物流的策略。
全文共分六章。首先介绍了课题背景，然后，在探讨现代物流内涵的基础上，通过对国内外物流业发展的比较分析，指出了我国物流业发展中存在的差距及原因；其次，指出了交易协调的“三方规制”在物流领域的应用就是第三方物流，并结合核心竞争力理论对第三方物流形成发展原理进行了探讨。最后，结合我国具体情况，指出我国运输企业发展第三方物流的途径和策略。
The 21th century is an age of knowledge economy and information. Regarding as a dominant industry in country industry, logistics are being highly concerned and vigorously supported. Logistics developing speed directly effects the growth rate of Nation Economy, and effects the improvement of people's living standard.
With the popularity of logistics concept in China, the understanding of logistics is being deepened, and the enthusiasm and initiative for developing logistics by all kinds of enterprises and governments are enhanced constantly too. However, owing to the differences between China and the developed countries such as Europe, America, Japan, etc, it is hard to get satisfied result by copying others' experience and models mechanically. So it is important to digest, improve and absorb the achievement of foreign logistics theories and practices, master the general mechanism of logistics industry. Besides, in accordance with the reality of China, it is necessary to develop some feasible logistic management and operational methods as guidelines for China' logistics industry. It is obvious that logistics has great impact on traditionl transportation industry. Because of the increase in customer demands and the intension of market competition, the situation of transportation enterprises is getting serious and becoming
the key factor to restrict the enterprises'development. At this moment, some domestic and foreign transportation companies are seeking for their own ways to develop TPL services, and it has come out lots of successful examples such as Maersk and Sinotrans and also some failure ones.
It shows that ,being an important role in logistics actions, the transportation companies have great advantages in TPL developments, which can not be replaced by other companies. But there are still hard tasks for them to reengineer their business completely and offer full-rang and integrative TPL services . In this contexr the paper summarizes the general TPL strategy of the transportation companies based on further theoretical analysis.
This paper is divided into six chapters. First, the writer will introduce the task's
background. Then, based on the exploration of the implication of logistics, the basic characteristics of modern logistics are summed up. Then by comparing the logistics industry development in China with other countries, some gaps and the relevant reasons are pointed out. Secondly, the application of "trilateral law" of transaction coordination in the field of logistics is third party logistics (TPL). Also, the mechanism of TPY development is probed through the core competitiveness theory.. Finally, in accordance with the reality of China, the paper points out the way and strategy of the third party logistics (TPL).
随着物流概念在我国的传播，人们对物流的认识不断深化，企业和各级政府发展现代物流的积极性和主动性也在不断提高。但由于我国的国情同欧、美、日等发达国家不同，完全照搬别国的经验和模式往往难以取得满意的效果。为此，我们必须对国外物流理论和实践的成果进行消化、改进和吸收，弄清现代物流业形成和发展的一般原理，结合我国的具体实际，开发出符合我国国情的物流管理和运作方法，以指导我国现代物流业的发展。而作为传统运输业来说，现代物流对其冲击是显而易见的，在日益增长的客户需求和激烈竞争的市场环境下，运输企业现有的经营状况已经成为制约其发展的瓶颈。目前，一些国内外的运输企业正在努力探寻向现代第三方物流发展的道路，其中有许多诸如马士基、中外运之类的成功典范，也有不少失败的例证。
从国外运输企业在我国发展物流的经验来看，运输企业作为物流活动中不可或缺的重要角色，在发展第三方物流上具有其他类企业不可替代的优势，但要彻底地完成第三方物流的改革，为客户提供全方位、一体化的第三方物流服务还是一项十分艰巨的任务。针对运输企业的物流发展现状，并进一步地从理论的角度分析，本文给出了运输企业发展第三方物流的策略。
全文共分六章。首先介绍了课题背景，然后，在探讨现代物流内涵的基础上，通过对国内外物流业发展的比较分析，指出了我国物流业发展中存在的差距及原因；其次，指出了交易协调的“三方规制”在物流领域的应用就是第三方物流，并结合核心竞争力理论对第三方物流形成发展原理进行了探讨。最后，结合我国具体情况，指出我国运输企业发展第三方物流的途径和策略。
The 21th century is an age of knowledge economy and information. Regarding as a dominant industry in country industry, logistics are being highly concerned and vigorously supported. Logistics developing speed directly effects the growth rate of Nation Economy, and effects the improvement of people's living standard.
With the popularity of logistics concept in China, the understanding of logistics is being deepened, and the enthusiasm and initiative for developing logistics by all kinds of enterprises and governments are enhanced constantly too. However, owing to the differences between China and the developed countries such as Europe, America, Japan, etc, it is hard to get satisfied result by copying others' experience and models mechanically. So it is important to digest, improve and absorb the achievement of foreign logistics theories and practices, master the general mechanism of logistics industry. Besides, in accordance with the reality of China, it is necessary to develop some feasible logistic management and operational methods as guidelines for China' logistics industry. It is obvious that logistics has great impact on traditionl transportation industry. Because of the increase in customer demands and the intension of market competition, the situation of transportation enterprises is getting serious and becoming
the key factor to restrict the enterprises'development. At this moment, some domestic and foreign transportation companies are seeking for their own ways to develop TPL services, and it has come out lots of successful examples such as Maersk and Sinotrans and also some failure ones.
It shows that ,being an important role in logistics actions, the transportation companies have great advantages in TPL developments, which can not be replaced by other companies. But there are still hard tasks for them to reengineer their business completely and offer full-rang and integrative TPL services . In this contexr the paper summarizes the general TPL strategy of the transportation companies based on further theoretical analysis.
This paper is divided into six chapters. First, the writer will introduce the task's
background. Then, based on the exploration of the implication of logistics, the basic characteristics of modern logistics are summed up. Then by comparing the logistics industry development in China with other countries, some gaps and the relevant reasons are pointed out. Secondly, the application of "trilateral law" of transaction coordination in the field of logistics is third party logistics (TPL). Also, the mechanism of TPY development is probed through the core competitiveness theory.. Finally, in accordance with the reality of China, the paper points out the way and strategy of the third party logistics (TPL).
引文
[1] 吴基传．为实现信息产业跨世纪发展目标而奋斗．人民邮电．2000．1．27．
[2] Jalia Marshall. Improving the Transport Chain. Cargo System, 1998, (11)
[3] 董千里．高级物流学．北京．人民交通出版社．1999年4月．
[4] 包健民．物流现代化．上海．上海交通大学出版社．1997．
[5] 吴清一．物流学．北京．物资出版社．1996．
[6] Buzzel R D and Ortmeyer G. Channel Partnerships Streamline Distribution Sloan Management Review, 1995,36. 85
[7] 胡怀邦．物流经济管理．西安．陕西人民出版社．1989．
[8] 高荣进．跨世纪公路交通发展战略．北京．人民交通出版社 1998年3月．
[9] 张之强．中国公路建设的现状及中、远期规划．公路．1998(5)：P1-4
[10] 沈志云．交通运输工程学．北京．人民交通出版社 1999．
[11] John D Reid, Dean L Sicking and Gene W Paulsen. Design and Analysis of Approach Terminal Sections Using Simulation. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1996,122 (5)
[12] Vaidyanathan Jayaraman. A Multi-Objective Logistics Model for a Capacitated Service Facility Problem. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 29 (1)
[13] Vaidyanathan Jayaraman. Transportation, Facility Location and Inventory in Distribution Network Design-An Investigation. International Journal of Operational & Production Management, 1998, 18 (5)
[14] 袁虹．陆化普．综合交通枢纽布局规划模型与方法研究．公路交通科技．2001(3)．
[15] 徐吉谦．交通工程总论．北京．人民交通出版社 1993．
[16] 汪应络．系统工程理论方法和应用．高等教育出版社．1992．
[17] 宋春节．运输系统中运输能力的优化计算．交通与计算机．1998(1)
[18] James L Heskett, Thomas O Jones, Gary W Lovemann, Warl Sasser, Jr. and Leonard A Schlesinger. Putting. the Service-Profit Chain to Work. Harvard Business Review, March-April, 1994,164～174
[19] Hokey Min. Location Planning of Airport Facilities Using the Analytic
Hierarchy Process. Logistics And Transportation Review, Vol. 30, No. 1
[20] Julien Brame, David Simchi-Levi. The logic of Logistics-Theory, Algorithms, and Applications for Logistics Management. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1997
[21] 运筹学编写组．运筹学．北京．清华大学出版社 1992．
[22] 汪培红．模糊集合论及其应用．上海．上海科学技术出版社．1985．
[23] 肖秋生．徐慰慈．城市交通规划．北京．人民交通出版社．1989．
[24] Philip B Schary, Tage Skjott-Larsen. Managing the Global Supply Chain. Information Marketing Review, 1998, 15 (5)
[25] Strausl, Dean. Four Stages to Building an Effective Supply Chain Network. EBN, 02/26/2001, Issue 125
[26] 丁俊发．高度重视现代物流对经济建设的巨大作用．物流技术．1998(1)：3-5
[27] 菊池．康也．物流管理．北京．清华大学出版社．1999．
[28] 陈禹六．IDEF建模分析和设计方法．北京．清华大学出版社．1999．
[29] 李宝元．高长根．从资源配备谈国内集装箱码头的合理布局．天津．港口经济．1998(2)．
[30] 高惠君．中国集装箱港口的发展．天津．港口经济．2000(1)．
[31] Quay measures. Port Development International, July/August 1997.
[32] Hapag-Lloyd takes Altenwerder stake World Cargo News. February 2001.
[33] 杜宏佳．推进港口的改革与发展．珠江水运．2001(7)
[34] 高麦生．德国物流业考察．交通企业管理 2001(4)．
[35] 袁冬莉．席庆彪．阎建国．张洪才．人工智能在预测支持中的应用．西北工业大学学报 2001．5．
[36] 刘文玲．香港与深圳港口的发展方向．珠江水运．2001(7)．
[37] Dover A. Evaluation and planning of ports in developing countries [J]. The Dock & Harbour Authority, 1998 (4).
[38] 何明珂等．现代物流与配送中心：推动流通创新的趋势．中国商业出版社．1997．3．
[39] 文岗．电子商务时期的第三方物流管理．北京．中国商务出版社．2000．
[40] 王之泰．现代物流学．北京．中国物资出版社．2000．
[41] 蒋惠园．基于电子商务的物流发展战略．交通科技．2001(1)．
[42] 罗晓沛．数据库技术(高级)．北京．清华大学出版社．1999．
[43] 黄少卿．关于把我国港口建成国际物流分拨中心的几点思考．上海港科技．2001(5)
[44] C. Johnson James and F. Donald Wood. Contemporary Logistics, 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice Hall, 1996.
[45] McCann Philip. The Economics of Industrial Location: A Logistics-costs Approach New York. Springer, 1998.
[46] 张铎．电子商务与物流．北京．清华大学出版社．2000．
[47] 孙启源．毕黎明．物资流通经济学．北京．中国商业出版社．1991．
[48] 胡欣欣．中日流通业比较研究．北京．中国轻工业出版社．1994．
[49] 丁立言．张铎．国际物流学．北京．清华大学出版社．2000．
[50] 姚佩玉．物流新策．石家庄．河北科学出版社．1992．
[51] 唐全斌．商业仓储管理．北京．中国商业出版社．1987．
[52] 李茜．李卫顺．从外企在中国的物流策略看我国物流业的发展．中国物资流通 2000(5)．
[53] 于洋．从预期到反应——论我国现代物流体制的构建．物资流通研究．1999(1)．
[54] John J. Cople, Edward J. Bardi and Jr., C. John Langley. The Management of Buisiness 55. Logistics, 5th ed. St. Paul: West Publish Corporation, 1992.
[56] Benjamin S. Blanchard. Logistics Engineering and Management, 2th ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1981.
[57] 陈顺霞．商学概论．上海．上海财经大学出版社 1996．
[2] Jalia Marshall. Improving the Transport Chain. Cargo System, 1998, (11)
[3] 董千里．高级物流学．北京．人民交通出版社．1999年4月．
[4] 包健民．物流现代化．上海．上海交通大学出版社．1997．
[5] 吴清一．物流学．北京．物资出版社．1996．
[6] Buzzel R D and Ortmeyer G. Channel Partnerships Streamline Distribution Sloan Management Review, 1995,36. 85
[7] 胡怀邦．物流经济管理．西安．陕西人民出版社．1989．
[8] 高荣进．跨世纪公路交通发展战略．北京．人民交通出版社 1998年3月．
[9] 张之强．中国公路建设的现状及中、远期规划．公路．1998(5)：P1-4
[10] 沈志云．交通运输工程学．北京．人民交通出版社 1999．
[11] John D Reid, Dean L Sicking and Gene W Paulsen. Design and Analysis of Approach Terminal Sections Using Simulation. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1996,122 (5)
[12] Vaidyanathan Jayaraman. A Multi-Objective Logistics Model for a Capacitated Service Facility Problem. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 29 (1)
[13] Vaidyanathan Jayaraman. Transportation, Facility Location and Inventory in Distribution Network Design-An Investigation. International Journal of Operational & Production Management, 1998, 18 (5)
[14] 袁虹．陆化普．综合交通枢纽布局规划模型与方法研究．公路交通科技．2001(3)．
[15] 徐吉谦．交通工程总论．北京．人民交通出版社 1993．
[16] 汪应络．系统工程理论方法和应用．高等教育出版社．1992．
[17] 宋春节．运输系统中运输能力的优化计算．交通与计算机．1998(1)
[18] James L Heskett, Thomas O Jones, Gary W Lovemann, Warl Sasser, Jr. and Leonard A Schlesinger. Putting. the Service-Profit Chain to Work. Harvard Business Review, March-April, 1994,164～174
[19] Hokey Min. Location Planning of Airport Facilities Using the Analytic
Hierarchy Process. Logistics And Transportation Review, Vol. 30, No. 1
[20] Julien Brame, David Simchi-Levi. The logic of Logistics-Theory, Algorithms, and Applications for Logistics Management. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1997
[21] 运筹学编写组．运筹学．北京．清华大学出版社 1992．
[22] 汪培红．模糊集合论及其应用．上海．上海科学技术出版社．1985．
[23] 肖秋生．徐慰慈．城市交通规划．北京．人民交通出版社．1989．
[24] Philip B Schary, Tage Skjott-Larsen. Managing the Global Supply Chain. Information Marketing Review, 1998, 15 (5)
[25] Strausl, Dean. Four Stages to Building an Effective Supply Chain Network. EBN, 02/26/2001, Issue 125
[26] 丁俊发．高度重视现代物流对经济建设的巨大作用．物流技术．1998(1)：3-5
[27] 菊池．康也．物流管理．北京．清华大学出版社．1999．
[28] 陈禹六．IDEF建模分析和设计方法．北京．清华大学出版社．1999．
[29] 李宝元．高长根．从资源配备谈国内集装箱码头的合理布局．天津．港口经济．1998(2)．
[30] 高惠君．中国集装箱港口的发展．天津．港口经济．2000(1)．
[31] Quay measures. Port Development International, July/August 1997.
[32] Hapag-Lloyd takes Altenwerder stake World Cargo News. February 2001.
[33] 杜宏佳．推进港口的改革与发展．珠江水运．2001(7)
[34] 高麦生．德国物流业考察．交通企业管理 2001(4)．
[35] 袁冬莉．席庆彪．阎建国．张洪才．人工智能在预测支持中的应用．西北工业大学学报 2001．5．
[36] 刘文玲．香港与深圳港口的发展方向．珠江水运．2001(7)．
[37] Dover A. Evaluation and planning of ports in developing countries [J]. The Dock & Harbour Authority, 1998 (4).
[38] 何明珂等．现代物流与配送中心：推动流通创新的趋势．中国商业出版社．1997．3．
[39] 文岗．电子商务时期的第三方物流管理．北京．中国商务出版社．2000．
[40] 王之泰．现代物流学．北京．中国物资出版社．2000．
[41] 蒋惠园．基于电子商务的物流发展战略．交通科技．2001(1)．
[42] 罗晓沛．数据库技术(高级)．北京．清华大学出版社．1999．
[43] 黄少卿．关于把我国港口建成国际物流分拨中心的几点思考．上海港科技．2001(5)
[44] C. Johnson James and F. Donald Wood. Contemporary Logistics, 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice Hall, 1996.
[45] McCann Philip. The Economics of Industrial Location: A Logistics-costs Approach New York. Springer, 1998.
[46] 张铎．电子商务与物流．北京．清华大学出版社．2000．
[47] 孙启源．毕黎明．物资流通经济学．北京．中国商业出版社．1991．
[48] 胡欣欣．中日流通业比较研究．北京．中国轻工业出版社．1994．
[49] 丁立言．张铎．国际物流学．北京．清华大学出版社．2000．
[50] 姚佩玉．物流新策．石家庄．河北科学出版社．1992．
[51] 唐全斌．商业仓储管理．北京．中国商业出版社．1987．
[52] 李茜．李卫顺．从外企在中国的物流策略看我国物流业的发展．中国物资流通 2000(5)．
[53] 于洋．从预期到反应——论我国现代物流体制的构建．物资流通研究．1999(1)．
[54] John J. Cople, Edward J. Bardi and Jr., C. John Langley. The Management of Buisiness 55. Logistics, 5th ed. St. Paul: West Publish Corporation, 1992.
[56] Benjamin S. Blanchard. Logistics Engineering and Management, 2th ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1981.
[57] 陈顺霞．商学概论．上海．上海财经大学出版社 1996．