黄河中游不同区来水来沙变化与下游河道演变的响应分析
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摘要
本论文以黄河数字流域模型平台为基础,完成了黄河流域泥沙全过程的模拟,为计算分析黄河流域上中游流域产水产沙与下游河道泥沙冲淤之间的响应关系提供了技术支持。
黄河数字流域模型平台使模拟坡面的水沙过程及沟道的汇流、输沙成为可能,而要完成黄河全流域水沙过程的模拟,包括泥沙的侵蚀和输运,则需要建立主干河道内洪水输移的模型。本文的第一部分工作建立了河道一维水动力学模型,将模型应用于模拟黄河下游高含沙洪水的演进过程,并分析下游河道的演进特点。本论文的第二部分工作为:针对雨量资料时间分辨率不能满足计算需求的客观条件,根据流域内降雨特点,提出预测小时降雨序列的方法。模型生成的预测小时降雨序列不但能模拟小尺度降雨的统计特征值,而且也能用于水文模型模拟流域的产水产沙。
根据黄河下游1950年至1960年、1969年至1985年间共152场洪水的资料,本文分析了下游洪水的水沙来源,以及不同来源区所产水沙对下游河段冲淤的影响。分析表明,河口镇站至龙门站区间流域,以及北洛河、马莲河流域所产水沙对下游河道洪水及河道洪水淤积具有较大影响。本文根据数值模拟的需要,修正了黄河流域产水产沙子系统的分区,使得分区结果中的II区范围包含了上述的河龙区、北洛河和马莲河。在分区的基础上,完善了II区的河网系统和编码系统,为用黄河数字流域模型模拟计算流域泥沙全过程提供了河网基础。
在黄河流域产水产沙子系统修正分区的基础上,用黄河数字流域模型模拟计算中游流域的产水、产沙过程。模型预测出龙门站1977年的水沙过程,并将其作为本文所建立河道水动力学模型的入流水沙过程,用一维模型的方法模拟了黄河流域1977年洪水在龙门以下河道中的演进。通过将计算水沙过程与实际的演进过程进行对比分析,验证了将黄河数字流域模型与一维河道模型耦合计算流域泥沙全过程的可行性。
本论文为进一步分析黄河流域不同来源区的来水来沙与下游河道演变之间的响应关系提供了基础。
Based on the Digital Yellow River Model (DYRM), the thesis focuses on the simulation of the whole process of sediment yield and transport in the Yellow River. This work would be helpful to analyze the response law between water/sediment variation in the middle source areas and fluvial response in the lower channel.
The DYRM can simulate the runoff and sediment yielding process on slope and the transport process of sediment-laden flow in gullies and fine channels. For the simulation of the whole process of sediment yield and transport in a drainage basin, it still needs a model to simulate the flood propogation in the main channel. The first part of the present work was to build a one-dimensional model to simulate the propogation of hyperconcentrated flood in the Lower Yellow River, which is adopted to investigate the fluvial characteristics of the Lower Yellow River. The second part of the present work was to develop a downscaling method to reproduce rainfall series with one hour time step, as the temporal resolution of observed rainfall data at gauging stations can not satisfy the requirement of simulation. The proposed method was based on the statistics characters of rainfall in the drainage basin. And the generated hourly series of rainfall data by the proposed method has the same statistic characteristics with the observed hourly data, and can be used as the input data in simulating the rainfall-runoff and sediment erosion in hydrology simulation.
The observed data of 152 flood events in the Lower Yellow River, occurred between 1950-1960 and 1969-1985, was analyzed to explore the relationship between the flood from the water/sediment source area in the middle reach and the degradation/aggregation characteristics in the lower channel. The analysis showed that, the water and sediment coming from the drainage area between Hekouzhen Hydrology station and Longmen Hydrology station, also including Beiluo River and Malian River, had significant influence on flood aggregation in downstream river channel. Based on the requirement of numerical simulation with DYRM, this thesis modified the division of drainage areas upper Huanyuankou Hydrology station in the Middle Yellow River basin. And the Zone II in the modified division covers the drainage area of area between Hekouzhen Hydrology station and Longmen Hydrology station, Beiluo River and Malian River. More efforts were focused on withdrawing and numbering of the river network in Zone II, as a preparation for the simulation of the whole sediment yield-and-transport process through using the DYRM.
The DYRM was run to simulate the process of water and sediment yield on slopes in the Middle Yellow River basin, considering the drainage division of water and sediment source areas. The simulated water and sediment hydrographs at Longmen Hydrological Station were used as the upstream boundary condition in the developed one-dimensional model for simulation of flood routing in the Lower Yellow River. The comparison between the simulated results and the observed data of the flood events in 1977 demonstrated that the coupling of the DYRM and the developed one-dimensional model is feasible in simulating the whole sediment process.
The present work was a foundation for analyzing the responses law between water/sediment yield from different source areas in the middle reach and the fluvial response in the lower reach in the Yellow River basin.
黄河数字流域模型平台使模拟坡面的水沙过程及沟道的汇流、输沙成为可能,而要完成黄河全流域水沙过程的模拟,包括泥沙的侵蚀和输运,则需要建立主干河道内洪水输移的模型。本文的第一部分工作建立了河道一维水动力学模型,将模型应用于模拟黄河下游高含沙洪水的演进过程,并分析下游河道的演进特点。本论文的第二部分工作为:针对雨量资料时间分辨率不能满足计算需求的客观条件,根据流域内降雨特点,提出预测小时降雨序列的方法。模型生成的预测小时降雨序列不但能模拟小尺度降雨的统计特征值,而且也能用于水文模型模拟流域的产水产沙。
根据黄河下游1950年至1960年、1969年至1985年间共152场洪水的资料,本文分析了下游洪水的水沙来源,以及不同来源区所产水沙对下游河段冲淤的影响。分析表明,河口镇站至龙门站区间流域,以及北洛河、马莲河流域所产水沙对下游河道洪水及河道洪水淤积具有较大影响。本文根据数值模拟的需要,修正了黄河流域产水产沙子系统的分区,使得分区结果中的II区范围包含了上述的河龙区、北洛河和马莲河。在分区的基础上,完善了II区的河网系统和编码系统,为用黄河数字流域模型模拟计算流域泥沙全过程提供了河网基础。
在黄河流域产水产沙子系统修正分区的基础上,用黄河数字流域模型模拟计算中游流域的产水、产沙过程。模型预测出龙门站1977年的水沙过程,并将其作为本文所建立河道水动力学模型的入流水沙过程,用一维模型的方法模拟了黄河流域1977年洪水在龙门以下河道中的演进。通过将计算水沙过程与实际的演进过程进行对比分析,验证了将黄河数字流域模型与一维河道模型耦合计算流域泥沙全过程的可行性。
本论文为进一步分析黄河流域不同来源区的来水来沙与下游河道演变之间的响应关系提供了基础。
Based on the Digital Yellow River Model (DYRM), the thesis focuses on the simulation of the whole process of sediment yield and transport in the Yellow River. This work would be helpful to analyze the response law between water/sediment variation in the middle source areas and fluvial response in the lower channel.
The DYRM can simulate the runoff and sediment yielding process on slope and the transport process of sediment-laden flow in gullies and fine channels. For the simulation of the whole process of sediment yield and transport in a drainage basin, it still needs a model to simulate the flood propogation in the main channel. The first part of the present work was to build a one-dimensional model to simulate the propogation of hyperconcentrated flood in the Lower Yellow River, which is adopted to investigate the fluvial characteristics of the Lower Yellow River. The second part of the present work was to develop a downscaling method to reproduce rainfall series with one hour time step, as the temporal resolution of observed rainfall data at gauging stations can not satisfy the requirement of simulation. The proposed method was based on the statistics characters of rainfall in the drainage basin. And the generated hourly series of rainfall data by the proposed method has the same statistic characteristics with the observed hourly data, and can be used as the input data in simulating the rainfall-runoff and sediment erosion in hydrology simulation.
The observed data of 152 flood events in the Lower Yellow River, occurred between 1950-1960 and 1969-1985, was analyzed to explore the relationship between the flood from the water/sediment source area in the middle reach and the degradation/aggregation characteristics in the lower channel. The analysis showed that, the water and sediment coming from the drainage area between Hekouzhen Hydrology station and Longmen Hydrology station, also including Beiluo River and Malian River, had significant influence on flood aggregation in downstream river channel. Based on the requirement of numerical simulation with DYRM, this thesis modified the division of drainage areas upper Huanyuankou Hydrology station in the Middle Yellow River basin. And the Zone II in the modified division covers the drainage area of area between Hekouzhen Hydrology station and Longmen Hydrology station, Beiluo River and Malian River. More efforts were focused on withdrawing and numbering of the river network in Zone II, as a preparation for the simulation of the whole sediment yield-and-transport process through using the DYRM.
The DYRM was run to simulate the process of water and sediment yield on slopes in the Middle Yellow River basin, considering the drainage division of water and sediment source areas. The simulated water and sediment hydrographs at Longmen Hydrological Station were used as the upstream boundary condition in the developed one-dimensional model for simulation of flood routing in the Lower Yellow River. The comparison between the simulated results and the observed data of the flood events in 1977 demonstrated that the coupling of the DYRM and the developed one-dimensional model is feasible in simulating the whole sediment process.
The present work was a foundation for analyzing the responses law between water/sediment yield from different source areas in the middle reach and the fluvial response in the lower reach in the Yellow River basin.
引文
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