北京植物多样性分布影响因素及其保护管理对策
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摘要
本论文针对在全球变化背景下,研究北京城市化过程中人为活动对植物多样性分布规律及其影响因素,并期望通过这些研究提出北京地区植物多样性管理的对策。采用实地调查和现有资料的整理,分析北京地区主要植物多样性的分布规律以及影响这些物种分布的主要因素。在这些研究的基础上,探讨北京自然保护区有效性管理状况、植物多样性信息平台建设、自然保护小区建设以及外来入侵植物的管理对策。为北京在应对全球变化过程中,合理利用当地植物资源、保护珍惜物种、防止外来植物的入侵等制定合理的规划提供理论支撑。研究表明：
基于2005-2009年北京市保护区规划项目与种质资源野外调查的数据,在野外调查种记录到植物1524种,保护植物有82种,常见入侵植物有28种。通过对上述物种总体分布规律的分析得出：北京不同区县中植物物种最为丰富的区县依次为门头沟区、密云县、怀柔区、延庆县、房山区等。其次是平谷、昌平等区,这些区域属于浅山区,物种组成总体上相对于上述区域比较少。
对保护植物的分布分析显示密云县、延庆县与怀柔分布北京保护植物最多最广泛。采用ARCGIS等方法,绘制北京地区不同空间尺度上保护植物的分布多度图,得出5个保护植物集中分布区域,而总体上保护物种多度分布变化大；该结果在很大程度填补了北京保护植物的分布研究局限的问题。而影响保护植物分布的因素主要因素是人口分布、保护区域面积、森林覆盖率、林分的起源等
通过调查和现有资料的整理,分析了北京地区515种引入植物8组成和来源。采用ArcGis的方法,绘制了北京市以乡镇为单位的北京入侵植物的分布梯度图；提出了北京地区存在3个明显的外来入侵植物集中分布区域。而入侵植物分布影响因素是耕地、交通运输、旅游、自然保护区分布、林分起源与北京地区外来入侵植物分布的相关性大。
在对保植物和入侵植物分布以及影响因素研究的基础上,综合上述结果,选取9利,北京城市化过程中经济和环境发展的影响因素,采用主成分和相关性分析。得出了环境破碎化、耕地面积、社会经济、保护地面积以及森林覆被率等5个影响植物多样性分布的影响因子。
在上述野外调查的研究的基础上,构建了北京地区高等植物当前最新的编目数据库。在数据库的基础上建立了北京地区高等植物信息查询平台。该信息平台数据库的信息收集了172科955属,2550种及变种的详细文字信息和图片信息,而且这些信息可通过平台功能进行不断的更新,可以及时把最新、最全面的数据和研究内容通过平台展示给用户。
结合上述研究结果,分析北京地区自然保护区有效性管理状况和管理建议；提出了3个北京市自然保护小区及其管理模式；结合北京保护区生物多样性保护宣传中一些问题,突出了宣传规范性一些构想,同时给出防控外来入侵植物的具体建议,特别是对于刺槐的入侵的争议性问题进行了探讨。
Combined with the conservation of rare plants and prevention of invasive alien species under the condition of global change in Beijing, we study the effect of urbanization on the distribution of paint diversity and it's influcing factors, by using the data of field investigation and the collection of previous researches. According to these results, the planed micro-reserves and management of nature reserves was put forward. The main results as follow:
Plant diversity is relatively abundant in Beijing, and there are more than 1524 plant species were listed in our field investigation. The native plant species is 1290 in our investigation. Meanwhile,94 protected plants and 28 invasive plants were liseted in our field investigation. The abundant areas of biodiversity are Mentougou, Miyun, Yanqing and Fangshan in Beijing.
The results showed that the data of protected plants species are very different form the record before, and many species was newly listed in different districts and counties. Protected plants mainly distributed in Miyun, Yanqing and Huairou. So the result can supplied the more precise list of dispersals of protected paints in different districts comparing to the previous research. Using ARCGIS, the dispersal gradient figure of protected plant was got. Furthermore, the dispersal influcing factors were analysized, and the population density, area of protected area, coverage of forest and it's origin are the main influcing factors
There are 515 introduced plants was listed in our investigation, which belong to 83 families and 285 genera. There are 28 invasive alien plants among the introduced plants. We also used ARCGIS software, to get the dispersal gradient figure, and we put forward 3 mian distribution area in Beijing. At the same time, the distribution influcing factors on the invasive plants were analysized, and it indicated the population density, land of agriculture, tourism intensity, transportation area of protected area, coverage of forest and it's origin are the main influcing factors to the distribution and spread of invasive alien plants
The comprehensive analysis of urbanization effect on the number and dispersal in Beijing shown that Shunyi, Tonggou, Daxing, Feitai and Haidian are more possible for the invasion of alien paint species, and more difficult for the survivial of protected plants than Mentougou,Miyun, Huairou, Fangshan, Changping and Pinggu.
According to the investigation and the result of other research in Beijing,. The character and the management ways of small protected areas were given, the problems which might faced while management the small protected areas were also discussed in this paper.
To improve management effectiveness of nature reserves in Beijing, the rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) method was employed in 2006. The result showed that national nature reserves and municipal nature reserves had enough natural and cultural resource inventory, as well as planning; however, The weaknesses in nature reserves are management and invest. Furthermore, the county nature reserves did not have the planning, management institution, invest, and so on. In order to solved these problem, the advices were given which include the management, funding, co-management. in nature reserves in Beijing.
基于2005-2009年北京市保护区规划项目与种质资源野外调查的数据,在野外调查种记录到植物1524种,保护植物有82种,常见入侵植物有28种。通过对上述物种总体分布规律的分析得出：北京不同区县中植物物种最为丰富的区县依次为门头沟区、密云县、怀柔区、延庆县、房山区等。其次是平谷、昌平等区,这些区域属于浅山区,物种组成总体上相对于上述区域比较少。
对保护植物的分布分析显示密云县、延庆县与怀柔分布北京保护植物最多最广泛。采用ARCGIS等方法,绘制北京地区不同空间尺度上保护植物的分布多度图,得出5个保护植物集中分布区域,而总体上保护物种多度分布变化大；该结果在很大程度填补了北京保护植物的分布研究局限的问题。而影响保护植物分布的因素主要因素是人口分布、保护区域面积、森林覆盖率、林分的起源等
通过调查和现有资料的整理,分析了北京地区515种引入植物8组成和来源。采用ArcGis的方法,绘制了北京市以乡镇为单位的北京入侵植物的分布梯度图；提出了北京地区存在3个明显的外来入侵植物集中分布区域。而入侵植物分布影响因素是耕地、交通运输、旅游、自然保护区分布、林分起源与北京地区外来入侵植物分布的相关性大。
在对保植物和入侵植物分布以及影响因素研究的基础上,综合上述结果,选取9利,北京城市化过程中经济和环境发展的影响因素,采用主成分和相关性分析。得出了环境破碎化、耕地面积、社会经济、保护地面积以及森林覆被率等5个影响植物多样性分布的影响因子。
在上述野外调查的研究的基础上,构建了北京地区高等植物当前最新的编目数据库。在数据库的基础上建立了北京地区高等植物信息查询平台。该信息平台数据库的信息收集了172科955属,2550种及变种的详细文字信息和图片信息,而且这些信息可通过平台功能进行不断的更新,可以及时把最新、最全面的数据和研究内容通过平台展示给用户。
结合上述研究结果,分析北京地区自然保护区有效性管理状况和管理建议；提出了3个北京市自然保护小区及其管理模式；结合北京保护区生物多样性保护宣传中一些问题,突出了宣传规范性一些构想,同时给出防控外来入侵植物的具体建议,特别是对于刺槐的入侵的争议性问题进行了探讨。
Combined with the conservation of rare plants and prevention of invasive alien species under the condition of global change in Beijing, we study the effect of urbanization on the distribution of paint diversity and it's influcing factors, by using the data of field investigation and the collection of previous researches. According to these results, the planed micro-reserves and management of nature reserves was put forward. The main results as follow:
Plant diversity is relatively abundant in Beijing, and there are more than 1524 plant species were listed in our field investigation. The native plant species is 1290 in our investigation. Meanwhile,94 protected plants and 28 invasive plants were liseted in our field investigation. The abundant areas of biodiversity are Mentougou, Miyun, Yanqing and Fangshan in Beijing.
The results showed that the data of protected plants species are very different form the record before, and many species was newly listed in different districts and counties. Protected plants mainly distributed in Miyun, Yanqing and Huairou. So the result can supplied the more precise list of dispersals of protected paints in different districts comparing to the previous research. Using ARCGIS, the dispersal gradient figure of protected plant was got. Furthermore, the dispersal influcing factors were analysized, and the population density, area of protected area, coverage of forest and it's origin are the main influcing factors
There are 515 introduced plants was listed in our investigation, which belong to 83 families and 285 genera. There are 28 invasive alien plants among the introduced plants. We also used ARCGIS software, to get the dispersal gradient figure, and we put forward 3 mian distribution area in Beijing. At the same time, the distribution influcing factors on the invasive plants were analysized, and it indicated the population density, land of agriculture, tourism intensity, transportation area of protected area, coverage of forest and it's origin are the main influcing factors to the distribution and spread of invasive alien plants
The comprehensive analysis of urbanization effect on the number and dispersal in Beijing shown that Shunyi, Tonggou, Daxing, Feitai and Haidian are more possible for the invasion of alien paint species, and more difficult for the survivial of protected plants than Mentougou,Miyun, Huairou, Fangshan, Changping and Pinggu.
According to the investigation and the result of other research in Beijing,. The character and the management ways of small protected areas were given, the problems which might faced while management the small protected areas were also discussed in this paper.
To improve management effectiveness of nature reserves in Beijing, the rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) method was employed in 2006. The result showed that national nature reserves and municipal nature reserves had enough natural and cultural resource inventory, as well as planning; however, The weaknesses in nature reserves are management and invest. Furthermore, the county nature reserves did not have the planning, management institution, invest, and so on. In order to solved these problem, the advices were given which include the management, funding, co-management. in nature reserves in Beijing.
引文
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