人工髋关节材料摩擦磨损性能的实验评价
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摘要
随着人类社会步入高龄化阶段,骨与关节损伤成为人们生活中常见的疾病之一。目前广泛采用人工关节置换术来解决这一问题,但置换关节的使用寿命有限,而且人工关节材料在运动过程中会产生较大的摩擦磨损,置换关节因摩擦磨损产生的磨屑会引起置换关节的晚期松动,最终导致关节置换失败。因此,研究具有优异摩擦磨损性能的人工关节置换材料具有重要的现实意义,而研制出能够模拟人体关节真实运动的摩擦试验机成为研究的关键。
本文应用原有的摩擦方向渐变型的销/盘式摩擦试验机进行了UHMWPE销/不锈钢盘配副和PVA-H销/不锈钢盘配副的摩擦磨损试验。获得了UHMWPE销和PVA-H销在不同润滑条件,不同试验时间下的摩擦和磨损的变化规律。推导了UHMWPE销变向摩擦下的磨损率公式。对同种试验条件下UHMWPE销与PVA-H销的摩擦系数的差异进行了对比分析。
为了更加逼真地模拟人体髋关节的真实运动,本文自行研制了人工髋关节摩擦磨损试验机。运用ADAMS对试验机多向复合滑动时对偶摩擦试件间的相对运动进行了运动仿真分析;运用有限元软件ANSYS对试验机进行了振动模态分析。在人工髋关节试验机上进行了钢球与不同材料及结构的髋臼配副的摩擦试验,并对不同的髋臼球窝在同种试验条件下的摩擦试验结果进行了分析比较。其中,金属橡胶髋臼和浸渍PVA-H层的金属橡胶髋臼是为了模拟人工关节软骨的性能而设计。
摩擦方向渐变型的销/盘式摩擦试验机中的摩擦副为平面接触,相对运动是平面上的变向平动,这与人工关节的实际工况相差较大,应用此试验机仅能对人工关节配副材料进行初步筛选。而球臼型人工髋关节摩擦磨损试验机的摩擦副是球/臼面接触形式,接触面上不同点的相对运动轨迹差别较大,这与真实人体髋关节的接触及运动形式很接近,因此所研制的球臼型试验机可对不同材料和结构的髋臼进行更为逼真的人工关节摩擦磨损性能试验。
As human society enters the aging stage,bone and joint damage have become one of the common diseases in people's lives. At present, artificial joint replacement surgery is widely used to solve this problem, but the service life of the replaced joint is limited mainly due to friction and wear behavior of artificial joint pairs in motion. The wear debris generated during friction and wear process will result in late loosening of the replaced joints, and eventually lead to the failure of joint replacement. Therefore, the research of artificial joint replacement materials which possess good friction and wear performance is of great practical importance, and developing the test machine which can simulate the real movements of human joint becomes the key of the research.
In this dissertation, the original pin/disk friction tester which can gradually change the friction direction is used to conduct the friction and wear experiments of UHMWPE pin/stainless steel rubbing pair and PVA-H pin/stainless steel rubbing pair. The change regularity of friction and wear of UHMWPE pin and PVA-H pin is obtained under different lubricating and timing conditions. The wear rate formula of UHMWPE pin in different friction directions is deduced. The comparative analysis of the friction coefficients of UHMWPE pin and PVA-H pin under the same conditions is conducted.
In order to simulate the real movement human hip joint more realistically, the dissertation developed an artificial hip joint friction and wear test machine. The movement simulation analysis of the relative movement of the rubbing pair in multi-directional compound sliding are conducted by using ADAMS. Vibration modal analysis of the test machine is conducted by using the finite element software ANSYS. The rubbing pair friction experiments of steel ball and acetabulums of different materials and structures are conducted in the artificial hip joint test machine, and the results of friction experiments of different acetabulum balls and sockets under the same experimental conditions are compared and analyzed. Among them, metal rubber acetabulum and impregnated PVA-H layer metal rubber acetabulum are designed to simulate the performance of artificial joint cartilage.
In the pin/disk friction test machine which can gradually change the friction direction, the movement between rubbing pairs is changing direction and translational, which is quite different from the real working condition of artificial joint, so the use of this test machine is only for primarily selecting artificial joint rubbing pair materials. However, in the ball acetabulum artificial hip joint test machine the contact form of rubbing pair is ball/acetabulum, the moving tracks of different points in the contact plain are quite different from each other, which is similar to the contact and movement form of real human hip joint, so the ball acetabulum test machine developed can carry out the human joint friction and wear performance experiments of acetabulums of different materials and structures more realistically.
本文应用原有的摩擦方向渐变型的销/盘式摩擦试验机进行了UHMWPE销/不锈钢盘配副和PVA-H销/不锈钢盘配副的摩擦磨损试验。获得了UHMWPE销和PVA-H销在不同润滑条件,不同试验时间下的摩擦和磨损的变化规律。推导了UHMWPE销变向摩擦下的磨损率公式。对同种试验条件下UHMWPE销与PVA-H销的摩擦系数的差异进行了对比分析。
为了更加逼真地模拟人体髋关节的真实运动,本文自行研制了人工髋关节摩擦磨损试验机。运用ADAMS对试验机多向复合滑动时对偶摩擦试件间的相对运动进行了运动仿真分析;运用有限元软件ANSYS对试验机进行了振动模态分析。在人工髋关节试验机上进行了钢球与不同材料及结构的髋臼配副的摩擦试验,并对不同的髋臼球窝在同种试验条件下的摩擦试验结果进行了分析比较。其中,金属橡胶髋臼和浸渍PVA-H层的金属橡胶髋臼是为了模拟人工关节软骨的性能而设计。
摩擦方向渐变型的销/盘式摩擦试验机中的摩擦副为平面接触,相对运动是平面上的变向平动,这与人工关节的实际工况相差较大,应用此试验机仅能对人工关节配副材料进行初步筛选。而球臼型人工髋关节摩擦磨损试验机的摩擦副是球/臼面接触形式,接触面上不同点的相对运动轨迹差别较大,这与真实人体髋关节的接触及运动形式很接近,因此所研制的球臼型试验机可对不同材料和结构的髋臼进行更为逼真的人工关节摩擦磨损性能试验。
As human society enters the aging stage,bone and joint damage have become one of the common diseases in people's lives. At present, artificial joint replacement surgery is widely used to solve this problem, but the service life of the replaced joint is limited mainly due to friction and wear behavior of artificial joint pairs in motion. The wear debris generated during friction and wear process will result in late loosening of the replaced joints, and eventually lead to the failure of joint replacement. Therefore, the research of artificial joint replacement materials which possess good friction and wear performance is of great practical importance, and developing the test machine which can simulate the real movements of human joint becomes the key of the research.
In this dissertation, the original pin/disk friction tester which can gradually change the friction direction is used to conduct the friction and wear experiments of UHMWPE pin/stainless steel rubbing pair and PVA-H pin/stainless steel rubbing pair. The change regularity of friction and wear of UHMWPE pin and PVA-H pin is obtained under different lubricating and timing conditions. The wear rate formula of UHMWPE pin in different friction directions is deduced. The comparative analysis of the friction coefficients of UHMWPE pin and PVA-H pin under the same conditions is conducted.
In order to simulate the real movement human hip joint more realistically, the dissertation developed an artificial hip joint friction and wear test machine. The movement simulation analysis of the relative movement of the rubbing pair in multi-directional compound sliding are conducted by using ADAMS. Vibration modal analysis of the test machine is conducted by using the finite element software ANSYS. The rubbing pair friction experiments of steel ball and acetabulums of different materials and structures are conducted in the artificial hip joint test machine, and the results of friction experiments of different acetabulum balls and sockets under the same experimental conditions are compared and analyzed. Among them, metal rubber acetabulum and impregnated PVA-H layer metal rubber acetabulum are designed to simulate the performance of artificial joint cartilage.
In the pin/disk friction test machine which can gradually change the friction direction, the movement between rubbing pairs is changing direction and translational, which is quite different from the real working condition of artificial joint, so the use of this test machine is only for primarily selecting artificial joint rubbing pair materials. However, in the ball acetabulum artificial hip joint test machine the contact form of rubbing pair is ball/acetabulum, the moving tracks of different points in the contact plain are quite different from each other, which is similar to the contact and movement form of real human hip joint, so the ball acetabulum test machine developed can carry out the human joint friction and wear performance experiments of acetabulums of different materials and structures more realistically.
引文
1戴振东.人工关节摩擦学的研究.生物医学工程学杂志. 2006, 23(3):669~673
2 R ieker CB. Tribology in total hip arthroplasty:historical development and future trends. The 2nd World TribologyConference. Vienna, 2001:750
3戴克戎.影响人工关节元气效果的多因素分析.中华骨科杂志. 1995, 15:250
4 Mallory TH. Mallory head hip system. In Greemwald S(ed):Current concepts in joint replacement. Tape#6. Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 1988
5葛世荣,熊党生,王纪湘.人工关节的摩擦学问题及其研究现状.生物摩擦学与人工关节学术研讨会论文集.上海, 2000:27~30
6冯颖芳.钛及钛合金人工关节植入材料.稀有金属快报. 2002, 6:15~18
7张亚平,高家成,王勇.人工关节材料的研究与进展.世界科技研究与发展. 2000, 2(1):47~50
8方建华,陈波水等.生物摩擦学的研究现状与展望.合成润滑材料. 2004, 31:12~16
9王文良,吴岳嵩.人工髋关节关节面的磨损和生物陶瓷材料.生物医学工程与临床. 2000, 4(1):6~10
10王成焘.人体生物摩擦学.科学出版社, 2008:92~93 374~375 388~389
11黄传辉.人工关节的磨损行为及磨粒形态研究.中国矿业大学博士论文. 2004:2~3 36~35
12 Pariente. J. L, etal. The Biocompatibility of Cathelers and Stents used on Urology. ProgUrol. Apr. 1994, 8(2):181
13郭治天,熊党生,葛世荣.表面粗糙度对超高分子量聚乙烯的生物摩擦学特性的影响.生物摩擦学与人工关节学术研讨会论文集.上海, 2000:31~34
14 Torregrosa. F, Barralier. L, Roux. L. Phaseanalysis. microhardness and tribological behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V after ion implantation of nitrogen in connection with its application for hip-joint prosthesis J. Thin Solid Films, 1995, 266(2):245~253
15 Jacobs, Joshua. J, Skipor, etal.3-year prospective study of serum titanium levels in patients with primary total hip replacements J. ASTM Special Technical Publication,n 1272, May, 1996:400~408
16宁聪琴,周玉.医用钛合金的发展及研究现状.材料科学与工艺. 2002, 10(1):100~106
17蒋书文,尹光福,郑昌琼等.类金刚石碳膜/Ti6Al4V钛合金梯度材料的生物摩擦学性能研究.航天医学与医学工程. 2001, 14(4):282~285
18李綮建.硅胶人工指关节的远期疗效分析.中华骨科杂志. 1989, 9(1):39~43
19薛茂权,黄之德.超高分子量聚乙烯的生物摩擦学.化工新型材料. 2006, 34(6):7~9
20熊党生,葛世荣等.超高分子量聚乙烯/Al2 O3生物摩擦学特性的研究.摩擦学学报. 2000, 20(4):256~259
21杨敏,郑昌琼,冉均国等. UHMWPE与基态-TiN-TiC系梯度薄膜材料对磨的生物摩擦磨损特性.生物医学工程学杂志. 2002, 17(1):1~4
22王昌祥,郑昌琼,周馨等. UHMWPE-SiAION陶瓷摩擦副的生物摩擦学特性及机理的研究.功能材料. 1999, 30(3):332~333
23熊党生,张彦华,徐嘉东.氮离子注入超高分子量聚乙烯的生物摩擦学性能.中国生物医学工程学报. 2001, 20(4):380~384
24 Dowson. D, Harding. R. T. The Wear Characteristics of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene against a High Density Alumina Ceramic under Wet (Distilled Water)and Dry Condition J. Wear, 1982, 75:313~331
25 Sawae. Y, Murakami. T, Chen. J. Effect of Synovia Constituents on Friction and Wear of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Sliding against ProstheticJoint Materials J. Wear, 1998, 216:213~219
26 Oonishi Hironobu, Takayaka Yu, Clarke Ian C,etal.Comparative Wear Studies of 28-mm Ceramic and Stainless Steel Total Hip Joints over 2 to 7 Year Period J. Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants, 1992, 2(1):37~47
27 Cales Bernard, Chevalier Jerome. Wear Behavior of Ceramic Pairs Compared on Different testing Configuration J. ASTM Special Technical Publication, 1997, 1346(11~12):186~196
28 Kusaka Jun, Takashima Kazuto, Yamane Daisuke, etal. Fundamental Study of All-Ceramic Artificial Hip Joint J. Wear, 1999, 225(II):734~742
29 Tipper. J. L, Firkins. P. J, Besong. A. A, etal. Characterisation of Wear Debris from UHMWPE on Zirconia Ceramic,Metal-on-metal and Alumina Ceramic-on-ceramic Hip Prostheses Generated in a Physiological Anatomical Hip JointSimulator J. Wear, 2006, 250-251(part 1):120~128
30王昌祥,郑昌琼等. UHMWPE-SiC生物摩擦学的特性及机理.无机材料学报. 1998, 13(6):878~881
31周银生.氮化硅陶瓷作为人工髋关节材料的摩擦试验研究.中国生物医学工程学报. 2001, 20(4):326~329
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2 R ieker CB. Tribology in total hip arthroplasty:historical development and future trends. The 2nd World TribologyConference. Vienna, 2001:750
3戴克戎.影响人工关节元气效果的多因素分析.中华骨科杂志. 1995, 15:250
4 Mallory TH. Mallory head hip system. In Greemwald S(ed):Current concepts in joint replacement. Tape#6. Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 1988
5葛世荣,熊党生,王纪湘.人工关节的摩擦学问题及其研究现状.生物摩擦学与人工关节学术研讨会论文集.上海, 2000:27~30
6冯颖芳.钛及钛合金人工关节植入材料.稀有金属快报. 2002, 6:15~18
7张亚平,高家成,王勇.人工关节材料的研究与进展.世界科技研究与发展. 2000, 2(1):47~50
8方建华,陈波水等.生物摩擦学的研究现状与展望.合成润滑材料. 2004, 31:12~16
9王文良,吴岳嵩.人工髋关节关节面的磨损和生物陶瓷材料.生物医学工程与临床. 2000, 4(1):6~10
10王成焘.人体生物摩擦学.科学出版社, 2008:92~93 374~375 388~389
11黄传辉.人工关节的磨损行为及磨粒形态研究.中国矿业大学博士论文. 2004:2~3 36~35
12 Pariente. J. L, etal. The Biocompatibility of Cathelers and Stents used on Urology. ProgUrol. Apr. 1994, 8(2):181
13郭治天,熊党生,葛世荣.表面粗糙度对超高分子量聚乙烯的生物摩擦学特性的影响.生物摩擦学与人工关节学术研讨会论文集.上海, 2000:31~34
14 Torregrosa. F, Barralier. L, Roux. L. Phaseanalysis. microhardness and tribological behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V after ion implantation of nitrogen in connection with its application for hip-joint prosthesis J. Thin Solid Films, 1995, 266(2):245~253
15 Jacobs, Joshua. J, Skipor, etal.3-year prospective study of serum titanium levels in patients with primary total hip replacements J. ASTM Special Technical Publication,n 1272, May, 1996:400~408
16宁聪琴,周玉.医用钛合金的发展及研究现状.材料科学与工艺. 2002, 10(1):100~106
17蒋书文,尹光福,郑昌琼等.类金刚石碳膜/Ti6Al4V钛合金梯度材料的生物摩擦学性能研究.航天医学与医学工程. 2001, 14(4):282~285
18李綮建.硅胶人工指关节的远期疗效分析.中华骨科杂志. 1989, 9(1):39~43
19薛茂权,黄之德.超高分子量聚乙烯的生物摩擦学.化工新型材料. 2006, 34(6):7~9
20熊党生,葛世荣等.超高分子量聚乙烯/Al2 O3生物摩擦学特性的研究.摩擦学学报. 2000, 20(4):256~259
21杨敏,郑昌琼,冉均国等. UHMWPE与基态-TiN-TiC系梯度薄膜材料对磨的生物摩擦磨损特性.生物医学工程学杂志. 2002, 17(1):1~4
22王昌祥,郑昌琼,周馨等. UHMWPE-SiAION陶瓷摩擦副的生物摩擦学特性及机理的研究.功能材料. 1999, 30(3):332~333
23熊党生,张彦华,徐嘉东.氮离子注入超高分子量聚乙烯的生物摩擦学性能.中国生物医学工程学报. 2001, 20(4):380~384
24 Dowson. D, Harding. R. T. The Wear Characteristics of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene against a High Density Alumina Ceramic under Wet (Distilled Water)and Dry Condition J. Wear, 1982, 75:313~331
25 Sawae. Y, Murakami. T, Chen. J. Effect of Synovia Constituents on Friction and Wear of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Sliding against ProstheticJoint Materials J. Wear, 1998, 216:213~219
26 Oonishi Hironobu, Takayaka Yu, Clarke Ian C,etal.Comparative Wear Studies of 28-mm Ceramic and Stainless Steel Total Hip Joints over 2 to 7 Year Period J. Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants, 1992, 2(1):37~47
27 Cales Bernard, Chevalier Jerome. Wear Behavior of Ceramic Pairs Compared on Different testing Configuration J. ASTM Special Technical Publication, 1997, 1346(11~12):186~196
28 Kusaka Jun, Takashima Kazuto, Yamane Daisuke, etal. Fundamental Study of All-Ceramic Artificial Hip Joint J. Wear, 1999, 225(II):734~742
29 Tipper. J. L, Firkins. P. J, Besong. A. A, etal. Characterisation of Wear Debris from UHMWPE on Zirconia Ceramic,Metal-on-metal and Alumina Ceramic-on-ceramic Hip Prostheses Generated in a Physiological Anatomical Hip JointSimulator J. Wear, 2006, 250-251(part 1):120~128
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