新型磁致驱动材料的制备和执行器研制
摘要
无机磁性材料与聚合物复合制成的磁性聚合物材料将磁性能和聚合物的弹性结合在一起,在外界的磁激励下可迅速、可控的改变形状,当外界磁激励撤销后,又能恢复到原始的形状,动作平滑,无噪音,属于柔性介质材料,且是非接触式的。磁性聚合物材料是新颖智能材料。可应用于仿生智能玩具、新型医疗器械和康复器械、可穿戴机器人(Wearable Robot)、磁致动执行器、传感器等。磁性聚合物材料已成为当今功能材料研究领域中的热点之一。
本文研究内容如下:
1.本文用化学共沉淀法制备用于磁性复合膜的纳米Fe_3O_4磁性粒子,并采用物理法分散(超声波和机械搅拌)和化学法分散(柠檬酸根偶联剂)相结合的制备方法。以解决金属和聚合物的相容性差、在基体中易于团聚的困难。由于纳米粒子的组成、性能、工艺条件等参数的变化都对复合膜的性能有显著的影响,为控制纳米复合膜的特性,利用混合水平正交表安排正交试验,以产物的磁化率作为衡量指标,采用极差分析法对结果进行分析,得到制备纳米磁性粒子的最佳实验工艺条件。
对制备得到的纳米Fe_3O_4用X射线衍射确定晶型和晶径大小;透射电子显微镜观察团聚情况和颗粒大小;振动样品磁强计测得其磁化曲线,分析饱和磁化强度。表明样品已达到纳米粒径,分散性远胜于分析纯Fe_3O_4,具有优良的磁性能。
论文进一步研究了添加柠檬酸根对纳米Fe_3O_4的制备和性能的影响,并发现添加柠檬酸盐能阻碍Fe_3O_4的氧化,可获得粒子直径更小的纳米Fe_3O_4,
2.研究了自脱落性纳米磁性复合膜和防水性纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜的制备方法,并通过选用不同的增塑剂和添加量对纳米磁性复合膜进行了改性研究。
通过红外光谱、热分析、磁化性能测试,研究材料不同的配比和不同的制备工艺对所制备的纳米磁性复合膜材料的性能影响。透射电子显微镜观察发现纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜比Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜光滑,并受Fe_3O_4含量影响。论文还研究了膜的厚薄和干燥方式、磁场强度、增塑剂含量、Fe_3O_4含量对纳米磁性复合膜形变特性的影响,并通过磁化率测试试验得到了磁化率最高的膜的配方。
为克服Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜在防水性上的缺点,研究了制备Fe_3O_4/PVDF磁性复合膜的方法。透射电子显微镜测试表明其表面比纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜光滑。力学性能测试得出其弹性模量比添加增塑剂的Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜更小,延伸率则更大。磁致变形性能和磁化率比不添加增塑剂的Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜都小,其性能总体上不如添加增塑剂的Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜。
3.在磁致驱动执行器的几何参数设计和电磁场分析计算基础上,研制了纳米磁性复合膜制造的磁致驱动执行器的执行装置和控制电路。
应用ANSYS参数化设计语言,建立了执行器有限元模型,进行磁致驱动执行器的磁场分布分析。获得了执行器的性能参数,进而对执行器的结构参数进行了优化设计。在磁致驱动执行器三维虚拟样机的运动学、动力学实时仿真基础上,用原理样机验证了磁致驱动执行器的动态特性模型的适用性。
Magnetic polymer materials are made by inorganic magnetic materials and polymer. It can combine magnetic and elastic property of polymer together; can rapidly and controllable change shape along with the outside magnetic stimulation. When the stimulation is released, magnetic polymer materials can restore to the original shape, by smooth movement and without noise. It belongs to the flexible medium and non-contact style materials. Magnetic polymer material is new intelligent materials. Which can be used in intelligent bionic toys, new medical equipment and rehabilitation devices, Wearable Robot, actuators drived by magnetic, sensors, etc. Magnetic polymer materials have been regarded as one of the most hotspot researches of functional materials.
In this paper, we study the content as follows:
1. This paper preparat the nano Fe_3O_4 magnetic particle of magnetic composite membrane by the chemical coprecipitating method and combine the preparation of method physics (ultrasound and mechanical agitation) and chemical (citric acid root coupling agent) scatter. That solve the difficulty of compatibility of metal and polymer and make them easy to reunion in the matrix.
Such as the changes of nanoparticles’parameters of composition, performance, technological conditions can significantly influence the performance of the composite film. In order to control characteristics of nano magnetic composite membrane, using mixed levels orthogonal table to arrangement orthogonal test, using the susceptibility of product as measure gauge, analysing result by extreme difference analysis, getting the optimum technological conditions of preparation of magnetic nanoparticles.
Nano Fe_3O_4 is determined crystal size and crystal size by X-ray diffraction; observed conglomeration and granular size by transmission electron microscope, get magnetization curve by vibrating specimen magnetometer; analysis saturation magnetization of magnetization curve. Show the size of sample has reached nanometer particle size, dispersity of sample is far better than analytical reagent Fe_3O_4, sample has fine magnetic performance.
In the paper further studying the affect on preparation and performance of nano Fe_3O_4 by add citrate. Found salt of citric acid can hinder oxidation of Fe_3O_4, get nano Fe_3O_4 which grain diameter is smaller.
2. Study preparation methods of nano magnetic composite membrane which come off by itself and waterproof nano Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane, and study on modification through choose different plasticizer and additive amount on nano magnetic composite membrane.
Study the effect of different proportion and different preparation process of the preparation of nano magnetic composite membrane material through infrared spectrum, thermal analysis, the test of magnetization Performance. Found the surface of magnetic Fe_3O_4/PVA nano composite membrane is smoother than the surface of Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane, surface is also affected by Fe_3O_4 content. Study characteristics influence of the nano magnetic composite membrane’s deformation through the research of membrane’s thickness, the way to dry, magnetic field intensity, plasticizer content. Get the membrane’s formula which magnetic susceptibility is the highest through the susceptibility test.
In order to overcome the shortcoming of Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane’s waterproofness, study the preparation method of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane. Found the surface of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is smoother than Fe_3O_4/PVA nano magnetic composite membrane through transmission electron microscope, modulus of elasticity of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is more small than magnetic Fe_3O_4/PVA nano composite membrane which is added plasticizer through mechanics performance testing, elongation of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is larger than Fe_3O_4/PVA nano magnetic composite membrane which is added plasticizer. Deformation performance and magnetic susceptibility of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is smaller than Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane which add no plasticizer. Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane’s performance in general is no better than that of adding plasticizer.
3. Develop executive device and control circuit of actuators drived by magnetic field which is made by nano magnetic composite membrane base on the geometric parameter design and magnetic field analysis.
Establish finite element model of the actuators by using ANSYS parametric design language, analysis magnetic field distribution of the actuators drived by magnetic field. Get the performance parameters of the actuators and optimized its structural parameters. Verify the applicability of the dynamic characteristics model of the actuators through prototype based on kinematic and dynamic real-time simulation of 3-D virtual prototype of the actuators.
本文研究内容如下:
1.本文用化学共沉淀法制备用于磁性复合膜的纳米Fe_3O_4磁性粒子,并采用物理法分散(超声波和机械搅拌)和化学法分散(柠檬酸根偶联剂)相结合的制备方法。以解决金属和聚合物的相容性差、在基体中易于团聚的困难。由于纳米粒子的组成、性能、工艺条件等参数的变化都对复合膜的性能有显著的影响,为控制纳米复合膜的特性,利用混合水平正交表安排正交试验,以产物的磁化率作为衡量指标,采用极差分析法对结果进行分析,得到制备纳米磁性粒子的最佳实验工艺条件。
对制备得到的纳米Fe_3O_4用X射线衍射确定晶型和晶径大小;透射电子显微镜观察团聚情况和颗粒大小;振动样品磁强计测得其磁化曲线,分析饱和磁化强度。表明样品已达到纳米粒径,分散性远胜于分析纯Fe_3O_4,具有优良的磁性能。
论文进一步研究了添加柠檬酸根对纳米Fe_3O_4的制备和性能的影响,并发现添加柠檬酸盐能阻碍Fe_3O_4的氧化,可获得粒子直径更小的纳米Fe_3O_4,
2.研究了自脱落性纳米磁性复合膜和防水性纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜的制备方法,并通过选用不同的增塑剂和添加量对纳米磁性复合膜进行了改性研究。
通过红外光谱、热分析、磁化性能测试,研究材料不同的配比和不同的制备工艺对所制备的纳米磁性复合膜材料的性能影响。透射电子显微镜观察发现纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜比Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜光滑,并受Fe_3O_4含量影响。论文还研究了膜的厚薄和干燥方式、磁场强度、增塑剂含量、Fe_3O_4含量对纳米磁性复合膜形变特性的影响,并通过磁化率测试试验得到了磁化率最高的膜的配方。
为克服Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜在防水性上的缺点,研究了制备Fe_3O_4/PVDF磁性复合膜的方法。透射电子显微镜测试表明其表面比纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜光滑。力学性能测试得出其弹性模量比添加增塑剂的Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜更小,延伸率则更大。磁致变形性能和磁化率比不添加增塑剂的Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜都小,其性能总体上不如添加增塑剂的Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜。
3.在磁致驱动执行器的几何参数设计和电磁场分析计算基础上,研制了纳米磁性复合膜制造的磁致驱动执行器的执行装置和控制电路。
应用ANSYS参数化设计语言,建立了执行器有限元模型,进行磁致驱动执行器的磁场分布分析。获得了执行器的性能参数,进而对执行器的结构参数进行了优化设计。在磁致驱动执行器三维虚拟样机的运动学、动力学实时仿真基础上,用原理样机验证了磁致驱动执行器的动态特性模型的适用性。
Magnetic polymer materials are made by inorganic magnetic materials and polymer. It can combine magnetic and elastic property of polymer together; can rapidly and controllable change shape along with the outside magnetic stimulation. When the stimulation is released, magnetic polymer materials can restore to the original shape, by smooth movement and without noise. It belongs to the flexible medium and non-contact style materials. Magnetic polymer material is new intelligent materials. Which can be used in intelligent bionic toys, new medical equipment and rehabilitation devices, Wearable Robot, actuators drived by magnetic, sensors, etc. Magnetic polymer materials have been regarded as one of the most hotspot researches of functional materials.
In this paper, we study the content as follows:
1. This paper preparat the nano Fe_3O_4 magnetic particle of magnetic composite membrane by the chemical coprecipitating method and combine the preparation of method physics (ultrasound and mechanical agitation) and chemical (citric acid root coupling agent) scatter. That solve the difficulty of compatibility of metal and polymer and make them easy to reunion in the matrix.
Such as the changes of nanoparticles’parameters of composition, performance, technological conditions can significantly influence the performance of the composite film. In order to control characteristics of nano magnetic composite membrane, using mixed levels orthogonal table to arrangement orthogonal test, using the susceptibility of product as measure gauge, analysing result by extreme difference analysis, getting the optimum technological conditions of preparation of magnetic nanoparticles.
Nano Fe_3O_4 is determined crystal size and crystal size by X-ray diffraction; observed conglomeration and granular size by transmission electron microscope, get magnetization curve by vibrating specimen magnetometer; analysis saturation magnetization of magnetization curve. Show the size of sample has reached nanometer particle size, dispersity of sample is far better than analytical reagent Fe_3O_4, sample has fine magnetic performance.
In the paper further studying the affect on preparation and performance of nano Fe_3O_4 by add citrate. Found salt of citric acid can hinder oxidation of Fe_3O_4, get nano Fe_3O_4 which grain diameter is smaller.
2. Study preparation methods of nano magnetic composite membrane which come off by itself and waterproof nano Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane, and study on modification through choose different plasticizer and additive amount on nano magnetic composite membrane.
Study the effect of different proportion and different preparation process of the preparation of nano magnetic composite membrane material through infrared spectrum, thermal analysis, the test of magnetization Performance. Found the surface of magnetic Fe_3O_4/PVA nano composite membrane is smoother than the surface of Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane, surface is also affected by Fe_3O_4 content. Study characteristics influence of the nano magnetic composite membrane’s deformation through the research of membrane’s thickness, the way to dry, magnetic field intensity, plasticizer content. Get the membrane’s formula which magnetic susceptibility is the highest through the susceptibility test.
In order to overcome the shortcoming of Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane’s waterproofness, study the preparation method of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane. Found the surface of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is smoother than Fe_3O_4/PVA nano magnetic composite membrane through transmission electron microscope, modulus of elasticity of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is more small than magnetic Fe_3O_4/PVA nano composite membrane which is added plasticizer through mechanics performance testing, elongation of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is larger than Fe_3O_4/PVA nano magnetic composite membrane which is added plasticizer. Deformation performance and magnetic susceptibility of Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane is smaller than Fe_3O_4/PVA magnetic composite membrane which add no plasticizer. Fe_3O_4/PVDF magnetic composite membrane’s performance in general is no better than that of adding plasticizer.
3. Develop executive device and control circuit of actuators drived by magnetic field which is made by nano magnetic composite membrane base on the geometric parameter design and magnetic field analysis.
Establish finite element model of the actuators by using ANSYS parametric design language, analysis magnetic field distribution of the actuators drived by magnetic field. Get the performance parameters of the actuators and optimized its structural parameters. Verify the applicability of the dynamic characteristics model of the actuators through prototype based on kinematic and dynamic real-time simulation of 3-D virtual prototype of the actuators.
引文
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