露天矿爆破振动强度物理量分析及其时频特征研究
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摘要
爆破振动是露天矿日常爆破生产作业带来的必然结果,随着爆破技术的广泛应用和爆破规模的不断扩大,对爆破振动危害的控制提出了更高的要求,因此,合理预测爆破振动的衰减规律是使爆破振动危害得到有效控制的基础和前提。论文基于黑龙江永平露天矿爆破生产监测中获得的振动实测数据,采用理论分析和试验研究相结合的方法,对爆破振动强度物理量波形、速度峰值的特征进行了研究;采用回归分析法对振速峰值和主振频率进行了预测;在介绍傅立叶分析和小波分析理论的基础上,对实测数据信号进行了傅立叶频谱分析和小波时频分析。
通过对实测振速波形进行数值微积分计算,得到加速度、位移波形,对比分析了这三种强度物理量波形和频谱的变化特征,并通过回归分析获得了三者峰值之间的经验公式;采用区间估计的方法,对振速峰值的预测和控制问题进行了研究。同时提出了利用加速度波形可以判别微差爆破分段情况、考虑高程影响的萨道夫斯基修正公式和主频预测公式。在实际应用中,可以根据场地条件得到的结论和公式,对爆破振动强度和频率进行综合分析和预判。
对于含有干扰和噪声的实测信号,应用小波分析理论的阈值去噪方法对其进行了小波分解与重构,重构后爆破振动信号的干扰成分明显消弱,从而获得了更加真实的爆破振动信号。运用小波分析方法,对消噪后的实测信号进行小波多层分解,获得各频带PPV及爆破振动分量的小波频带能量,通过分析比较,得出小波频带能量可以反映爆破振动“三要素”,即振动强度、频率、持续时间。通过与傅里叶分析法比较,可以看出小波分析法在分析爆破振动信号方面的优势,可以更系统、全面地对其进行分析。
Daily open-pit blasting blasting vibration is caused by the inevitable result of production operations, with the extensive use of blasting and blasting technology, continuous expansion of the scale of blasting vibration control of hazards put forward higher requirements. Therefore, a reasonable prediction blasting vibration attenuation law is to be effectively controlled blasting vibration against the foundation and prerequisite. Papers based on open-pit mine blast in Heilongjiang Yongping production monitoring the vibration measured data obtained using theoretical analysis and experimental study of a combination of methods, Physical quantities on the intensity of blasting vibration waveform, the peak velocity characteristics of the study; using regression analysis of the velocity peak and the main vibration frequency of the forecasts; In introducing the Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis theory, based on the measured data signals were Fourier spectrum analysis and wavelet time-frequency analysis.
The measured velocity waveforms by numerical calculus terms, to be acceleration, displacement waveform, comparative analysis of these three kinds of intensity of physical quantity changes in the waveform and frequency spectrum characteristics, and obtained by regression analysis between the empirical formula of the three peaks; using interval estimation method, the peak vibration velocity prediction and control were studied. At the same time creatively put forward the blast site geological conditions to adapt to take into account the impact of Sadowsky elevation correction formula and the frequency prediction equation. In practice, you can get the conclusions and formulas based on the intensity and frequency of blasting vibration comprehensive analysis and pre-judgment.
Contains interference and noise for the measured signal, the application of wavelet analysis theory, the threshold de-noising method and to carry out a wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, the reconstructed blast vibration signals significantly weaken the interference components to gain a more realistic blasting vibration signal in order to facilitate their further analysis. Using wavelet analysis method, de-noising the measured signal after the wavelet decomposition of multi-access to the PPV and blasting vibration frequency components of wavelet band energy, through the analysis and comparison, obtained wavelet band energy can be reflected blasting vibration of the "three elements", that is, vibration intensity, frequency and duration. Comparison with Fourier analysis,Wavelet analysis can be seen in analyzing the advantages of blasting vibration signals can be more systematic and comprehensive analysis of them.
通过对实测振速波形进行数值微积分计算,得到加速度、位移波形,对比分析了这三种强度物理量波形和频谱的变化特征,并通过回归分析获得了三者峰值之间的经验公式;采用区间估计的方法,对振速峰值的预测和控制问题进行了研究。同时提出了利用加速度波形可以判别微差爆破分段情况、考虑高程影响的萨道夫斯基修正公式和主频预测公式。在实际应用中,可以根据场地条件得到的结论和公式,对爆破振动强度和频率进行综合分析和预判。
对于含有干扰和噪声的实测信号,应用小波分析理论的阈值去噪方法对其进行了小波分解与重构,重构后爆破振动信号的干扰成分明显消弱,从而获得了更加真实的爆破振动信号。运用小波分析方法,对消噪后的实测信号进行小波多层分解,获得各频带PPV及爆破振动分量的小波频带能量,通过分析比较,得出小波频带能量可以反映爆破振动“三要素”,即振动强度、频率、持续时间。通过与傅里叶分析法比较,可以看出小波分析法在分析爆破振动信号方面的优势,可以更系统、全面地对其进行分析。
Daily open-pit blasting blasting vibration is caused by the inevitable result of production operations, with the extensive use of blasting and blasting technology, continuous expansion of the scale of blasting vibration control of hazards put forward higher requirements. Therefore, a reasonable prediction blasting vibration attenuation law is to be effectively controlled blasting vibration against the foundation and prerequisite. Papers based on open-pit mine blast in Heilongjiang Yongping production monitoring the vibration measured data obtained using theoretical analysis and experimental study of a combination of methods, Physical quantities on the intensity of blasting vibration waveform, the peak velocity characteristics of the study; using regression analysis of the velocity peak and the main vibration frequency of the forecasts; In introducing the Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis theory, based on the measured data signals were Fourier spectrum analysis and wavelet time-frequency analysis.
The measured velocity waveforms by numerical calculus terms, to be acceleration, displacement waveform, comparative analysis of these three kinds of intensity of physical quantity changes in the waveform and frequency spectrum characteristics, and obtained by regression analysis between the empirical formula of the three peaks; using interval estimation method, the peak vibration velocity prediction and control were studied. At the same time creatively put forward the blast site geological conditions to adapt to take into account the impact of Sadowsky elevation correction formula and the frequency prediction equation. In practice, you can get the conclusions and formulas based on the intensity and frequency of blasting vibration comprehensive analysis and pre-judgment.
Contains interference and noise for the measured signal, the application of wavelet analysis theory, the threshold de-noising method and to carry out a wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, the reconstructed blast vibration signals significantly weaken the interference components to gain a more realistic blasting vibration signal in order to facilitate their further analysis. Using wavelet analysis method, de-noising the measured signal after the wavelet decomposition of multi-access to the PPV and blasting vibration frequency components of wavelet band energy, through the analysis and comparison, obtained wavelet band energy can be reflected blasting vibration of the "three elements", that is, vibration intensity, frequency and duration. Comparison with Fourier analysis,Wavelet analysis can be seen in analyzing the advantages of blasting vibration signals can be more systematic and comprehensive analysis of them.
引文
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