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球磨机负荷控制系统的研究与应用
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摘要
本文主要论述了球磨机负荷控制系统数学模型的建立与应用。球磨机是一种工业生产中十分重要制粉设备,同时属于一种大噪音、高能耗和低效率的设备。为了提高运行的稳定性和经济性,提高生产效率,节能降耗,保护工人身体健康和保护设备,应使球磨机稳定运行在最佳工作状态,而传统的球磨机负荷控制方法达不到比较理想的效果。本文主要根据磨音来建立球磨机负荷控制系统的数学模型,并且进行了球磨机负荷控制仪样机的设计。
     实验中使用了驻极体话筒作为球磨机声音拾取传感器,利用MATLAB中的数据采集(DAQ)工具箱实现对磨音的采集,利用MATLAB信号分析(DSP)工具箱和声发射技术对磨音进行时域和频域分析,主要分析磨音的短时平均幅度和能量、短时平均过零率、功率谱估计和平均周期图。根据多次试验和分析结果,建立了球磨机负荷控制系统的数学模型,也完成了其样机的设计。
     球磨机负荷控制仪采用了单片机系统,MCU采用DS80C320高速处理器,采用MAX180作为MD转换器,低通滤波器为MAX293,F/V转换电路利用LM331,可控硅移相触发电路使用TCA785,RS232通信接口芯片采用MAX202,MCU监控电路为MAX705,系统使用开关电源供电。磨机负荷控制仪软件使用汇编和C51编程,本文进行了相关软件的设计,包括数据采集、滤波、短时平均过零率、功率谱估计和平均周期图等。本文还对系统所采用一些抗干扰措施进行了论述,包括硬件抗干扰措施和软件抗干扰措施。
The research and application of the load-control system were studied in this article. Ball mill is one of the most important milling devices in industry. With great noises,its large energy was wasted and had a low efficiency. The load-control system is the most important part of the ball mill system. It controls the substance-state,as we all known that whether it is in its best state or not is a decisive factor to ball mill's efficiency. In order to improve its running stability,economy and efficiency,to save energy,to protect the workers' physical health and to protect the device,we should make it work in its optimum working state. Because the traditional control method that was based on the temperature and pressure difference cannot achieve this aim,So in this project,the mathematic model of the load-control system was established mainly based on the ball mill's sound and its sample was designed. It was demonstrated that this sort of load-control apparatus has superior performance.
    We used a electric transmitter as the transducer to collect the sound signal,using the DAQ toolbox of the MATLAB to achieve the collection of the sound signal,and using the DSP toolbox of the MATLAB and the sound-launch technology to analyze the time-domain characteristic and the frequency-domain characteristic of the signal,chiefly analyze its short-time average amplitude,its short-time over-zero ratio and its estimate of the power chart and the average-period chart. According to the results of the analysis and the experiment,the mathematic model of the ball mill load-control
    
    
    apparatus was established and its sample was successfully designed.
    The load-control apparatus adopted a Single-Chip Microcomputer system,whose MCU was a kind of high-speed processor-DS80C320,whose A/D switched apparatus was MAX180,whose low-pass filter was MAX293,whose F/V transformed circuit was LM331,whose controlled silicon phase-shift touch-off circuit was TCA785,and whose communicating interface of RS232 was MAX202. The Watchdog of the MCU was MAX705 and the system used an on-off electrical source to supply power. The ball mill load-control apparatus adopted the assembly language and the C51 language to program and its concerned software was designed,including the data collection,the wave-percolation,the short-time average over-zero ratio,the estimation of the power chart and the average-period chart. Some methods of anti-jamming that have been adopted in this system were also studied,including the methods of the hardware anti-jamming and the software anti-jamming.
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