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共生城市演化机制与建设决策研究
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摘要
针对城市化进程中出现的环境污染、生态破坏、“过度城市化”等问题,世界各国提出了一系列城市建设新模式,包括绿色城市、低碳城市、生态城市和共生城市等。与其它新模式相比,共生城市更能兼顾城市建设和发展中的自然因素和社会因素,也更能包容解决各种城市问题的新观念、新方法。目前,共生城市的理论与实践研究还处于初步发展阶段,缺乏被普遍接受的共生城市概念及完整的共生城市理论,缺乏从工程管理角度对共生城市建设的一般规律和方法进行的理论和实践研究。
     本研究的理论意义在于,为科学的共生城市建设决策提供了更为完善的理论基础,也为城市建设及项目管理理论研究提供了一个崭新的视角;本研究的实践意义在于将共生城市相关理论落实到操作层面,建立了基于共生评价的城市建设决策支持方法,并验证了其实践价值,为建设两型城市、和谐城市的政策设计和城市建设决策支持系统概念设计提供了范例。
     本研究从认识论和方法论层面对共生城市及其建设决策支持进行了理论研究,并对项目层面和城市层面的相关案例进行了基于共生评价的城市建设决策支持方法的实证研究。主要研究内容包括:一、基于共生理论研究共生城市的概念、模型和演化机制,完善共生城市基础理论;二、从定性和定量的角度,研究城市建设系统与城市环境共生关系评价方法,建立包含自然、社会、经济、技术四大类评价指标的共生评价指标体系,并选用AHP(层次分析法)作为项目层面系统评价方法,选用SD(系统动力学方法)作为城市层面系统评价方法,建立城市层面动态共生评价系统模型;三、建立两层次共生城市建设决策分析框架,并对其中的主要决策要素进行分析;四、建立基于知识的共生城市建设DSS(决策支持系统)设计框架,并基于此框架对案例城市的共生城市建设DSS进行概念设计;五、根据统计及调研结果,利用AHP和SD方法对城市建设项目案例和案例城市进行共生评价,验证中观、微观共生评价方法的可行性,并在此基础上对城市层面和项目层面的共生城市建设进行决策支持,提出共生城市演化机制设计的相关建议。
Many countries have proposed a series of new modes for urban construction, such asgreen city, low-carbon city, eco-city, and symbiotic city, to solve the problems of environ-mental pollution, destruction of ecological balance, and over-urbanization. Among thesenew modes, symbiotic city is the one, which can involve all the natural factors and socialfactors of urban construction and development, and cover all the new ideas and approa-ches as the solution of those urban problems. Now, the theoretical and practical researchon symbiotic city is in a preliminary phase, with the lack of universally accepted conceptand integrated theory, and the lack of theoretical and practical research on the generalpatterns and methods of its construction from the perspective of engineering management.
     One purpose of this research is to provide more complete theoretical basis forscientific decision-making of symbiotic city construction, and a new angle of view fortheoretical research of urban construction and project management; the other purpose is toput the related theory of symbiotic city into practical operation, providing a new waybased on symbiosis evaluation for urban construction decision support, testing andverifying the practical value of the way, and providing examples for policy design ofconstructing environment-friendly, resource-saving and harmonious city, and conceptualdesign of Decision Support System (DSS) for symbiotic city construction.
     This paper explores symbiotic city and its construction decision support theoreticallyfrom the perspective of epistemology and methodology, and researches decision supportapproaches of symbiotic city construction empirically based on case study at both theproject level and city level. Firstly, the concept, model, evolution mechanism of symbioticcity are studied based on symbiosis theory. Secondly, the qualitative and quantitativeevaluation methods of symbiotic association between urban construction and environment are proposed, applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) at the project level and SystemDynamics (SD) methodology at the city level; a symbiosis evaluation indicator system forurban construction including natural, social, economic, and technical factors, and adynamic evaluation model of symbiosis between urban construction and environment atthe city level are established. Thirdly, an analysis framework for symbiotic cityconstruction decision-making with two levels is built, and the main factors of it areanalysed. Then, the design framework based on knowledge for DSS of symbiotic cityconstruction is established, and the conceptual design of symbiotic city construction DSSis performed for a city based on this framework. Finally, symbiosis between an urbanconstruction project and its neighbouring environment is evaluated based on AHP, andsymbiosis between urban construction and inner environment of a city is evaluated basedon SD, according to statistics and investigation results, so as to verify the feasibility ofsymbiosis evaluation methods at meso and micro level, and to provide decision supportfor symbiotic city construction at both the project level and city level, and somesuggestions on evolution mechanism design of symbiotic city are made based on casestudy.
引文
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