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福建药用真菌资源与应用的初步研究
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摘要
药用真菌具有丰富的次生代谢产物,包括抗菌、抗肿瘤、降脂、抗
    病毒等多种活性物质,是人们寻找新型药物的重要资源。本课题以福建
    省的药用真菌资源为对象,应用了抗菌、抗肿瘤和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂
    的体外筛选模型,进行了药(食)用曲的丝状真菌和大型真菌生物活性
    物质的筛选;对3种灵芝真菌的抗菌抗肿瘤、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,
    以及丝状真菌W-20抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性物质及其理化性质进行
    了初步研究,为我省药用资源的开发利用打基础。
    丝状真菌和大型真菌中存在着丰富的抗菌、抗肿瘤和α-葡萄糖苷酶
    抑制活性物质。52株丝状真菌和82种大型真菌的生物活性测定结果显
    示,丝状真菌中的15. 4%和大型真菌的21. 9%具有抗肿瘤活性,主要分
    布于曲霉属中和伞菌目中。抗菌活性的丝状真菌占供测菌株的21. 2%,
    分别属于曲霉、毛霉、短梗霉等属中,曲霉是主要的优势属。大型真菌
    抗菌活性种类的比例为14. 6%,伞菌是主要的优势类群,以抗G-菌为主。
    茶褐赤褶菌54(Rhodophyllus sericellus 54) 和Strobilomyces sp.L-3具
    有较高的抗菌活性。
    丝状真菌中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性菌株比例为9. 62%。分布在曲霉、
    根霉和无孢目,其中以曲霉为主。高活性菌株曲霉W-20和根霉CQ-6
    的发酵液活性接近拜糖平25mg/mL时水平。大型真菌中活性种类的比例
    为8. 54%,分布在多孔菌科、灵芝科和马勃科,71. 4%的种具有较高的
    生物活性,菌体提取液(5ml/g)的生物活性接近甚至超过拜糖平25mg/mL
    时的抑制水平。
    灵芝真菌是重要的抗菌、抗肿瘤和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的新菌源。
    树舌24和南方树舌60的氯仿相对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性都很强,
    抑菌活性达到11. 25单位/mg粗提物,生物自显影测定显示它们的抗菌
    组分不同。树舌24和南方树舌60的氯仿相对KB细胞和HL-60细胞
    
    
     摘要
    都有抑制活性:而三明树舌63“的乙酸乙酯相对*B细胞有一定的抑制
    活性。树舌24和三明树舌63还具有体外的a-葡萄糖昔酶抑制活性,卞
    要分布于甲醇-水相中。它们对热和 pH较为稳定;树舌 24与三明树舌
    的r。分别为 0.187mg/ffiL,和 0.124mg/mL,显示了相当高的a-葡萄糖f
    酶抑制活性。
     曲霉W—20具有较高的a-葡萄糖昔酶抑制活性组分。通过纸层析
     (PC)和柱层析(VC)分析,活性组分酸水解分析初步证实了其组分
    为葡萄糖为主要成分组成的寡糖类物质。该组分对PH稳定,在叫叶
    范围内,抑制率>80%:对热相对较稳定,在90℃以下仍有75%的抑制率。
    过柱后的粗组分ICso约为0.525mg/mL,略优于拜糖平的0.gmg/mL。四氧
    啼陡糖尿病小鼠糖耐量实验表明,发酵液原液对高血糖小鼠的糖耐量刀
    有显著的改善作用,因而具有一定的应用前景。
Medicinal fungi consist of a large group fungi with abundant secondary metabolitites, including antimicrobial, antitumor, antihyperlipidemic and antivirus agents. They are important resources for new drugs. In the study, four models were applied and used for prescreening antimicrobial, antitumor and the a -glucosidase inhibitory agents from medicinal fungi including filamentous fungi and macro fungi in Fujian; we studied the antimicrobial ,antitumor and a -glucosidase inhibitory activities of three kinds of Ganoderma sp. ;as well as we studied the a -glucosidase inhibitor from filamentous fungi W-20 and its physical and chemical properties.
    There are abundant antimicrobial, antitumor and a -glucosidase inhibitory agents in filamentous fungi and macrofungi. In 52 strains filamentous fungi and 82 strains macrofungi, the percentages of antitumor strains are as follows: 15.4% filamentous fungi,21.9% macrofungi, most of which belong to Aspergillus sp. and Agaricales; the percentages of antimicrobial strains are as follows:21.2% filamentous fungi,14.6% macrofungi, most of which belong to Aspergillus sp. and Agaricales. And most of the agaricales inhibit the G-negative bacterium. Rhodophyllus sericellus 54 and Strobilomyces sp. L-3 are high antimicrobial strains.
    9.62% filamentous fungi have the a -glucosidase inhibitory activities, and belong to Aspergillus sp., Rhizopussp. and Agonomycetales. Most belong to Aspergillus sp.. Aspergillus sp. W-20 and Rhizopus sp.GQ-6 are die high activity strains. 854% macrofungi have a -glucosidase inhibitory activity and belong to Polyporaceae, Ganodermataceae and Sclerodermataceae, and 71.4% of
    
    
    
    which have high bioactivity(inhibitory percentage>65%). Their activitise are as good as Acarbose's.
    Ganodermataceae is a new, important resource for antimicrobial, antitumor and a -glucosidase inhibitory agents. The chloroform extracts of Ganoderma sp.24 and Ganoderma australe(Fr.)Pat.60 have high inhibitory activities (both about 11.25 units/mg) on Staphylococcus allreus, but the active agents are different. Ganoderma sp.24 , Ganoderma australe(Fr.)Pat.60 and Ganoderma sanmingense Zhao et Zhang 63 show high activities of inhibiting KB or HL-60 cells, and Ganoderma sp.24 and Ganoderma sanmingense Zhao et Zhang 63 have a -glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. The active agents distribute in methanol-water extract, maintain stable below 100C and between pH 2-12. Their IC50 are 0.187 and 0.124mg/mL respectively.
    W-20 dentified as Aspergillus sp., has high a -glucosidase inhibitory activity. The active agent was confirmed as oligosaccharide, mostly composed of glucose by PC, VC and acidhydrolysis. The active agent is stable between pH2-12 and below 90C. The IC50 of the active agent purified by carbon column is 0.525 mg/mL, which is better than that of Acarbose (IC5o=0.9mg/mL).The zymosis juice of W-20 can greatly decrease hyperglycemia level of mice by alloxan in glucose tolerance test. It showes favourable potential application.
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