武夷山自然保护区南方铁杉（Tsuga chinensis var.tchekiangensis （Flous）Cheng）菌根系统研究
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摘要
本文研究对象是武夷山自然保护区南方铁杉(Tsuga chinensis var.tchekiangensis (Flous)Cheng)外生菌根群落．武夷山自然保护区地处北纬27°33′-27°54′，东经117°27′-117°51′。南方铁杉(Tsuga chinensis var.tchekiangensis (Flous)Cheng)是我国特有珍稀濒危树种，被列为国家三级重点保护植物。
1999年至2000年，在武夷山自然保护区黄岗山海拔1640-1700m、公路23km处的南方铁杉林中，开展了5次外生菌根的采集工作，并对所采集到的菌根样品进行了深入、系统的研究。
本论文研究在所在实验室前期工作基础上，进一步完善了南方铁杉外生菌根直接鉴定技术，即对南方铁杉外生菌根的形态描述除了宏观形态、光镜显微结构、透射电镜超微结构，还增加了扫描电镜表面结构的描述。此外，在半薄切片染色、电镜包埋技术方法也有所改进。
南方铁杉外生菌根迄今累计达123种类型(包括本实验室已记录的74种在内)，其中有3种菌根真菌属于子囊菌亚门(Ascomycetes)，1种为块菌(Tubersp.)，其余均属于担子菌亚门的层菌纲(Hymenomycetidae)或腹菌纲(Gasteromycetidae)的真菌。木耳目(Auriculariales)菌根真菌共发现6种。123种类型的菌根已鉴定到属或种的有19种，对暂时无法确认共生真菌的菌根沿用Agerer命名法即Tsuga加上特征性词尾rhiza再加上菌根的描述词如Tsuga rbiza candida，但它们不能作为分类学意义上的属种，而是铁杉与特定真菌所形成的共生类型。本文中在没有特殊提到已鉴定菌根菌属种的情况下，所指的菌根种类均为共生体类型。
本文详细描述了45种菌根类型。根据图谱，对外生菌根的颜色、分枝、表面结构、超微结构等特征进行了归纳总结。研究结果表明，南方铁杉123种菌根有黄、白、黑、绿等多种颜色，黄色菌根最多，白色其次；分枝形状绝大多数为不规则单轴分枝，少数为羽状或塔状，二叉分枝仅有1种，这与松属植物的菌根通常为二叉分枝不同。本文利用扫描电镜共观察到8类南方铁杉外生菌根的表面结构，并利用透射电镜观察到超微结构中绝大多数菌根的桶孔隔膜为不连续状。此外，本文从武夷山自然保护区的地理位置及气候特点讨论了该保护区内南方铁杉外生菌根资源的多样性。并提出今后的工作重点应放在同一采样地点真菌资源的调查及鉴定上，建立南方铁杉林中的真菌基因数据库，为该地外生菌根共生体的最终鉴定与应用研究打下基础。
This dissertation was about ectomycorrhizal community of Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng in Wuyishan Nature Reserve, which located at 27033'-27054'degree north latitude and 117027'-117051'east longitude. Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng , an ancient plant species,which can be only found in china, is now rare-and-danger-facing plant. It is cherished because it plays a important role in the ecosystem and enviroment.
Mycorrhiza samples had been collected five times from 1999 to 2000 at altitude of 1640-1700m. Up to now, 123 types of mycorrhizae were found in the forest of Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng in Wuyishan Nature Reserve (including 74 types found by Yanhuizhang) ,aii of them are ectomycorrhizae.Th& results showed that the mycorrhizal resoures are abundant in Wuyishan Nature Reserve. This is different from the opinion that either species or quantities of inycorrhizae fungi were rare in the soil of tropics and subtropics.
After systematically research on these mycorrhizae, it showed that three of them were formed by Ascoraycitina fungi with only one kind belonging to Tuber sp. Six kinds of mycorrhizae had dolipore septum with perforate parenthesomes ( Auricu]aria]es ) , others had dolipore septum with non-perforate parenthesomes (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes) .Nineteen ectomycorrhizae types were identified to genus or species, the unidentified ectomycorrhizae were named by the name of the host tree and a characterizing epitheton. e. g. "Tsugarrhiza candida" A determination key were offered in this paper too.
Comprehensive characteristics of mycorrhizae types were described using photographs and words in this thesis. For example, under a stereomicroscope , the macroscopic characteristics were observed
ectomycorrhiza&s colours are various, but mainly yellow or white. Most of their ramification are irregular monopodial,a few types are pinnate or pyraxnidal,and only one type is dichotomous in which way almost all ectomycorrhizae of pine ramified.Under a transmissition electron microscope, ultrastructural characteristics of mycorrhizae were observed , especially the structure of septum. The results presented that most of the mycorrhizae have dolipore septum with perforate parenthesomes
(Hymenomycetes and Gas teromycetes) , three of them have dol ipore septum with non-perforate parenthesomes (Auricu]aria]es) in this paper. In contrast of the dissertation of Yanhuizhang , the emphasis was put on the disciption of the surface structure of the hyphal mantles under the scanning electron microscope. It is the first time in china to use it into the identification of ectomycorrhizae on Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng
The diversity of ectomycorrhizae resoures in Wuyishan Nature Reserve was discussed in this research. It was pointed out that investigation and classification of the fungi in the same forest were urgent affairs in the future. The foundation of fungal gene database will set a bridge between classification and application research of ectomycorrhizae.
1999年至2000年，在武夷山自然保护区黄岗山海拔1640-1700m、公路23km处的南方铁杉林中，开展了5次外生菌根的采集工作，并对所采集到的菌根样品进行了深入、系统的研究。
本论文研究在所在实验室前期工作基础上，进一步完善了南方铁杉外生菌根直接鉴定技术，即对南方铁杉外生菌根的形态描述除了宏观形态、光镜显微结构、透射电镜超微结构，还增加了扫描电镜表面结构的描述。此外，在半薄切片染色、电镜包埋技术方法也有所改进。
南方铁杉外生菌根迄今累计达123种类型(包括本实验室已记录的74种在内)，其中有3种菌根真菌属于子囊菌亚门(Ascomycetes)，1种为块菌(Tubersp.)，其余均属于担子菌亚门的层菌纲(Hymenomycetidae)或腹菌纲(Gasteromycetidae)的真菌。木耳目(Auriculariales)菌根真菌共发现6种。123种类型的菌根已鉴定到属或种的有19种，对暂时无法确认共生真菌的菌根沿用Agerer命名法即Tsuga加上特征性词尾rhiza再加上菌根的描述词如Tsuga rbiza candida，但它们不能作为分类学意义上的属种，而是铁杉与特定真菌所形成的共生类型。本文中在没有特殊提到已鉴定菌根菌属种的情况下，所指的菌根种类均为共生体类型。
本文详细描述了45种菌根类型。根据图谱，对外生菌根的颜色、分枝、表面结构、超微结构等特征进行了归纳总结。研究结果表明，南方铁杉123种菌根有黄、白、黑、绿等多种颜色，黄色菌根最多，白色其次；分枝形状绝大多数为不规则单轴分枝，少数为羽状或塔状，二叉分枝仅有1种，这与松属植物的菌根通常为二叉分枝不同。本文利用扫描电镜共观察到8类南方铁杉外生菌根的表面结构，并利用透射电镜观察到超微结构中绝大多数菌根的桶孔隔膜为不连续状。此外，本文从武夷山自然保护区的地理位置及气候特点讨论了该保护区内南方铁杉外生菌根资源的多样性。并提出今后的工作重点应放在同一采样地点真菌资源的调查及鉴定上，建立南方铁杉林中的真菌基因数据库，为该地外生菌根共生体的最终鉴定与应用研究打下基础。
This dissertation was about ectomycorrhizal community of Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng in Wuyishan Nature Reserve, which located at 27033'-27054'degree north latitude and 117027'-117051'east longitude. Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng , an ancient plant species,which can be only found in china, is now rare-and-danger-facing plant. It is cherished because it plays a important role in the ecosystem and enviroment.
Mycorrhiza samples had been collected five times from 1999 to 2000 at altitude of 1640-1700m. Up to now, 123 types of mycorrhizae were found in the forest of Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng in Wuyishan Nature Reserve (including 74 types found by Yanhuizhang) ,aii of them are ectomycorrhizae.Th& results showed that the mycorrhizal resoures are abundant in Wuyishan Nature Reserve. This is different from the opinion that either species or quantities of inycorrhizae fungi were rare in the soil of tropics and subtropics.
After systematically research on these mycorrhizae, it showed that three of them were formed by Ascoraycitina fungi with only one kind belonging to Tuber sp. Six kinds of mycorrhizae had dolipore septum with perforate parenthesomes ( Auricu]aria]es ) , others had dolipore septum with non-perforate parenthesomes (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes) .Nineteen ectomycorrhizae types were identified to genus or species, the unidentified ectomycorrhizae were named by the name of the host tree and a characterizing epitheton. e. g. "Tsugarrhiza candida" A determination key were offered in this paper too.
Comprehensive characteristics of mycorrhizae types were described using photographs and words in this thesis. For example, under a stereomicroscope , the macroscopic characteristics were observed
ectomycorrhiza&s colours are various, but mainly yellow or white. Most of their ramification are irregular monopodial,a few types are pinnate or pyraxnidal,and only one type is dichotomous in which way almost all ectomycorrhizae of pine ramified.Under a transmissition electron microscope, ultrastructural characteristics of mycorrhizae were observed , especially the structure of septum. The results presented that most of the mycorrhizae have dolipore septum with perforate parenthesomes
(Hymenomycetes and Gas teromycetes) , three of them have dol ipore septum with non-perforate parenthesomes (Auricu]aria]es) in this paper. In contrast of the dissertation of Yanhuizhang , the emphasis was put on the disciption of the surface structure of the hyphal mantles under the scanning electron microscope. It is the first time in china to use it into the identification of ectomycorrhizae on Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Pious) Cheng
The diversity of ectomycorrhizae resoures in Wuyishan Nature Reserve was discussed in this research. It was pointed out that investigation and classification of the fungi in the same forest were urgent affairs in the future. The foundation of fungal gene database will set a bridge between classification and application research of ectomycorrhizae.
引文
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