尾矿坝渗流场分析及其水土交互作用机理研究
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摘要
我国是矿业大国,冶金、有色、化工、核工业、建材和轻工业等行业的矿山都有尾矿设施。尾矿坝是其中最主要的组成部分,尾矿坝的安全问题直接关系到环境和人类的安全。渗流是影响尾矿坝安全性的重要因素,因此,更精确的尾矿坝渗流场模拟,更准确的致灾机理模型,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
尾矿坝中的渗流问题是复杂的饱和—非饱和非稳定流固耦合渗流问题,文中推导了尾矿坝中饱和—非饱和渗流微分方程、控制方程及定解条件,阐述了边界条件类型与选择,并探讨了模型计算中有关参数的获取方法。
尾矿是由固、液(水)、气三相组成的复杂多孔介质,各相的状态及其相互作用对尾矿的物化性质及土体强度都有重要影响,其中最主要的作用发生在水—土之间。水土交互作用与尾矿坝渗流场密不可分,本文基于尾矿的多孔介质特性,主要研究了尾矿坝渗流场内的水土交互作用,将水土作用理论应用于尾矿坝的渗流场分析,并概括为水土化学作用、水土物理作用、渗流作用及化学、物理—渗流耦合作用四方面,综合归纳分析了各自的作用类型、特点及主控因素。在尾矿坝稳定性分析方面,首次尝试从微观机理分析入手,并考虑了化学场的影响,根据化学动力学及相关试验,提出了化学作用对尾矿坝工程有重要影响。
和尚峪尾矿坝是一个典型的上游式堆筑坝,本文收集整理了和尚峪尾矿坝的地形、地质及水文资料,各堆积层的渗透系数、容重、粘聚力、摩擦角、孔隙比等基本物理力学参数,提出了水土交互作用下的尾矿土吸力(包括基质吸力和渗透吸力)的变化问题,在此基础上,利用传统的土—水特征曲线,结合工程实际资料,建立了考虑水土交互作用影响的渗透系数函数模型,并利用此模型运用Phase岩土工程有限元软件进行了尾矿坝渗流场模拟。
本文在渗流场中水土的交互作用机理方面进行了有益的尝试,为渗流场中尾矿颗粒的微观作用机理提供了参考,为尾矿坝的致灾机理研究提供了新的思路。尾矿坝渗流场内水土交互作用机理,对完善尾矿坝工程的结构安全性与环境稳定性耦合分析具有重要的参考价值,对改进尾矿坝设计和灾害治理也具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
Our country is that great power of mining industry, the industry mine such as the metallurgy industry, nonferrous metals industry, chemical industry, nuclear industry, building material and light industry all has tails facilities. Thereinto, the tailing dam is the most important part, whose safety is related to the environment and human being's safety directly. Seepage play an important role in the safety of the tailing dam, thus, the more precise computation of seepage field and the more accurate model of disaster-causing mechanism in tailings dam have important theoretical and practical significance.
The analysis of the seepage in tailings dam is a complicated saturated-unsaturated question of coupling seepage-consolidation. The article deduces saturated-unsaturated seepage differential equation, control equation and definite conditions in tailings dam, and explains the types of boundary conditions and the selection method, and discusses the acquisition of related parameters in model calculation.
Tailing is complicated porous material made up of three phases, solid, liquid (water), and gas, whose states and interactions have important influences on the physicochemical properties and strengths of the tailing. Among them, the uppermost interaction happens between water and solid. Water-solid interaction and dam seepage field are inseparable. On the basis of the characteristic of porous materials, the paper studies the water-soil interaction between the tailing particles, and introducing the theory of water-soil interaction into the tailing dam seepage analysis, the interaction is classified into four types, water-soil physical interaction, water-soil chemical interaction, seepage action, and the modals of physical, chemical and seepage coupling action, then introduces the types, characteristics and the control factors of their respective action. As for the dam stability, first attempting to start off from micro mechanism, and considering the effect of chemical fields, proposes the mechanism of chemical interaction on the basis of chemical kinetics and relevant experiments.
Heshangyu tailing dam is a typical upstream dam, the author collects the relevant data of terrain, geology and hydrology, the relevant parameters of permeability coefficient, bulk density, cohesion, friction angel, void ratio and so on, and then proposes the problem of tailing suction under the condition of water-soil interaction. Coupling the effect of interaction into the tailing suction, applying the representative soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), the permeability coefficient function under water-soil interaction is established based on the engineering practical data. Applying the function modal, the seepage field simulation is made by the geotechnical engineering finite element software Phase.
Beneficial discussions on the aspect of water-soil interaction in the seepage field gives theoretical reference for the micro effect mechanism of the tailing particles, and provide a new train of thought on disaster-causing mechanism of the tailing dam. In China, the relevant study is in its first stage, the systemic research is of great reference value to the perfect coupling analysis of structure safety and environment stability in tailing dam engineering, and is of great theoretical significance and practical value to development of dam design and hazard control.
尾矿坝中的渗流问题是复杂的饱和—非饱和非稳定流固耦合渗流问题,文中推导了尾矿坝中饱和—非饱和渗流微分方程、控制方程及定解条件,阐述了边界条件类型与选择,并探讨了模型计算中有关参数的获取方法。
尾矿是由固、液(水)、气三相组成的复杂多孔介质,各相的状态及其相互作用对尾矿的物化性质及土体强度都有重要影响,其中最主要的作用发生在水—土之间。水土交互作用与尾矿坝渗流场密不可分,本文基于尾矿的多孔介质特性,主要研究了尾矿坝渗流场内的水土交互作用,将水土作用理论应用于尾矿坝的渗流场分析,并概括为水土化学作用、水土物理作用、渗流作用及化学、物理—渗流耦合作用四方面,综合归纳分析了各自的作用类型、特点及主控因素。在尾矿坝稳定性分析方面,首次尝试从微观机理分析入手,并考虑了化学场的影响,根据化学动力学及相关试验,提出了化学作用对尾矿坝工程有重要影响。
和尚峪尾矿坝是一个典型的上游式堆筑坝,本文收集整理了和尚峪尾矿坝的地形、地质及水文资料,各堆积层的渗透系数、容重、粘聚力、摩擦角、孔隙比等基本物理力学参数,提出了水土交互作用下的尾矿土吸力(包括基质吸力和渗透吸力)的变化问题,在此基础上,利用传统的土—水特征曲线,结合工程实际资料,建立了考虑水土交互作用影响的渗透系数函数模型,并利用此模型运用Phase岩土工程有限元软件进行了尾矿坝渗流场模拟。
本文在渗流场中水土的交互作用机理方面进行了有益的尝试,为渗流场中尾矿颗粒的微观作用机理提供了参考,为尾矿坝的致灾机理研究提供了新的思路。尾矿坝渗流场内水土交互作用机理,对完善尾矿坝工程的结构安全性与环境稳定性耦合分析具有重要的参考价值,对改进尾矿坝设计和灾害治理也具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
Our country is that great power of mining industry, the industry mine such as the metallurgy industry, nonferrous metals industry, chemical industry, nuclear industry, building material and light industry all has tails facilities. Thereinto, the tailing dam is the most important part, whose safety is related to the environment and human being's safety directly. Seepage play an important role in the safety of the tailing dam, thus, the more precise computation of seepage field and the more accurate model of disaster-causing mechanism in tailings dam have important theoretical and practical significance.
The analysis of the seepage in tailings dam is a complicated saturated-unsaturated question of coupling seepage-consolidation. The article deduces saturated-unsaturated seepage differential equation, control equation and definite conditions in tailings dam, and explains the types of boundary conditions and the selection method, and discusses the acquisition of related parameters in model calculation.
Tailing is complicated porous material made up of three phases, solid, liquid (water), and gas, whose states and interactions have important influences on the physicochemical properties and strengths of the tailing. Among them, the uppermost interaction happens between water and solid. Water-solid interaction and dam seepage field are inseparable. On the basis of the characteristic of porous materials, the paper studies the water-soil interaction between the tailing particles, and introducing the theory of water-soil interaction into the tailing dam seepage analysis, the interaction is classified into four types, water-soil physical interaction, water-soil chemical interaction, seepage action, and the modals of physical, chemical and seepage coupling action, then introduces the types, characteristics and the control factors of their respective action. As for the dam stability, first attempting to start off from micro mechanism, and considering the effect of chemical fields, proposes the mechanism of chemical interaction on the basis of chemical kinetics and relevant experiments.
Heshangyu tailing dam is a typical upstream dam, the author collects the relevant data of terrain, geology and hydrology, the relevant parameters of permeability coefficient, bulk density, cohesion, friction angel, void ratio and so on, and then proposes the problem of tailing suction under the condition of water-soil interaction. Coupling the effect of interaction into the tailing suction, applying the representative soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), the permeability coefficient function under water-soil interaction is established based on the engineering practical data. Applying the function modal, the seepage field simulation is made by the geotechnical engineering finite element software Phase.
Beneficial discussions on the aspect of water-soil interaction in the seepage field gives theoretical reference for the micro effect mechanism of the tailing particles, and provide a new train of thought on disaster-causing mechanism of the tailing dam. In China, the relevant study is in its first stage, the systemic research is of great reference value to the perfect coupling analysis of structure safety and environment stability in tailing dam engineering, and is of great theoretical significance and practical value to development of dam design and hazard control.
引文
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