微通道型分离式热管通讯基站节能特性研究
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摘要
随着全球能源问题的日益突出,移动通讯基站的节能减排已经成为了通讯领域及制冷领域共同关注的焦点。中国基站数量已超过120万个,随着3G业务的拓展,基站数量还将急剧增加。2009年中国基站年总耗电量达到150.8亿度,其中空调耗电69.4亿度。基站的节能减排已经成为了国家节能战略中的重点。基站的高能耗是由于其内部环境的要求非常苛刻,需要空调24小时开启来保证环境的温湿度。本文在此背景下,对基站的节能潜力展开了研究,提出微通道型分离式热管通讯基站,帮助基站实现节能降耗的目的。
经分析,造成基站能耗高的主要原因是:没有根据气候条件设计围护结构,造成基站负荷较高;气流组织不合理;一年四季依靠空调冷却造成能源浪费。本文展开了以下主要工作:
一、建立了不同气候条件区域下基站围护结构优选模型,对几个典型城市进行了负荷和能耗分析,选用适合的材料作为基站围护结构可降低基站能耗。
二、建立了基站CFD模型,提出了三种不同的下进上出的气流组织形式,利用CFD仿真分析对基站内部气流组织进行了优化,提高了冷风的利用率。
三、为充分利用自然冷源,将分离式热管应用到基站中,并将微通道换热器与分离式热管结合,开发了微通道型分离式热管。对不同工况下微通道型分离式热管进行了实验研究,同时建立了两轮基站样机并进行了性能测试,对不同工况下微通道型分离式热管基站进行了实验研究,在室外环境平均温度为20oC时,节能基站制冷系统的COP可达4.66～13.9,实验平均COP可达9.05;当室外环境平均温度为27oC时,制冷系统的COP可达6.23,都具有较高的能效比。微通道型分离式热管基站空调压缩机的运行时间仅占基站总运行时间的39.1%且PUE值达到1.71,节电率达到44.7%,具有很好的节能降耗的效果。
四、考虑到电源缺少地区的能源供给问题,提出了风光电互补的微通道型分离式热管节能基站,并对基站的太阳能发电系统进行实验测试,太阳能系统运行良好,发电能力与设计相符。
With the global attention to the energy consumption, the energy saving of telecommunication base station (TBS) have already become the focus both for the refrigeration industry and the telecommunication industry. Number of the TBS in china has over 1.2 million, which will dramatically increase with the expansion of 3G services. TBS consumed about 15.08 billion degree of power in 2009, and air-conditioning take up about 69.4 billion degree. Energy saving of the TBS has become the focus of national energy strategy. Air-conditioning system of TBS needs to 24 hours operate in order to ensure the environment temperature and humidity. In this paper, energy saving potential of TBS has been studied. In order to achieve the energy saving purpose, TBS with separate heat pipe is proposed.
Inappropriate envelope, bad air distribution and uninterrupted air conditioning operating are the main reasons which lead to the high energy consumption of TBS .The main contents and conclusions are as followings:
1) A heat load of the TBS calculating model is established. With the help of the envelope experiment data and the calculation software, the load and the energy-consumption of the TBS in typical cities can be worked out on several conditions.
2)Three different forms of organization of airflow were established. CFD simulation was used to optimize the airflow distribution of the TBS in order to improve the energy utilization.
3) In order to make full use of the outdoor cold source, separate heat pipe with Micro-channel was experimentally investigated on different conditions. TBS with separate heat pipe was experimentally studied on several different conditions. The COP range of the TBS with separate heat pipe is from 4.66 to 13.9, the average COP is up to 9.05 when average outdoor temperature is 20oC, while the average COP is 6.23 when average outdoor temperature is 27oC. Compressor of Air-conditioning occupies about 39.1% of the total running time and the PUE value is up to 1.71. The energy-saving rate of the new TBS can reach 44.7%. This system can save lots of energy.
5) TBS with separate heat pipe is equipped with a special solar power system. It is shown that the solar power system can basically meet the load demand for two fans of the TBS.
经分析,造成基站能耗高的主要原因是:没有根据气候条件设计围护结构,造成基站负荷较高;气流组织不合理;一年四季依靠空调冷却造成能源浪费。本文展开了以下主要工作:
一、建立了不同气候条件区域下基站围护结构优选模型,对几个典型城市进行了负荷和能耗分析,选用适合的材料作为基站围护结构可降低基站能耗。
二、建立了基站CFD模型,提出了三种不同的下进上出的气流组织形式,利用CFD仿真分析对基站内部气流组织进行了优化,提高了冷风的利用率。
三、为充分利用自然冷源,将分离式热管应用到基站中,并将微通道换热器与分离式热管结合,开发了微通道型分离式热管。对不同工况下微通道型分离式热管进行了实验研究,同时建立了两轮基站样机并进行了性能测试,对不同工况下微通道型分离式热管基站进行了实验研究,在室外环境平均温度为20oC时,节能基站制冷系统的COP可达4.66～13.9,实验平均COP可达9.05;当室外环境平均温度为27oC时,制冷系统的COP可达6.23,都具有较高的能效比。微通道型分离式热管基站空调压缩机的运行时间仅占基站总运行时间的39.1%且PUE值达到1.71,节电率达到44.7%,具有很好的节能降耗的效果。
四、考虑到电源缺少地区的能源供给问题,提出了风光电互补的微通道型分离式热管节能基站,并对基站的太阳能发电系统进行实验测试,太阳能系统运行良好,发电能力与设计相符。
With the global attention to the energy consumption, the energy saving of telecommunication base station (TBS) have already become the focus both for the refrigeration industry and the telecommunication industry. Number of the TBS in china has over 1.2 million, which will dramatically increase with the expansion of 3G services. TBS consumed about 15.08 billion degree of power in 2009, and air-conditioning take up about 69.4 billion degree. Energy saving of the TBS has become the focus of national energy strategy. Air-conditioning system of TBS needs to 24 hours operate in order to ensure the environment temperature and humidity. In this paper, energy saving potential of TBS has been studied. In order to achieve the energy saving purpose, TBS with separate heat pipe is proposed.
Inappropriate envelope, bad air distribution and uninterrupted air conditioning operating are the main reasons which lead to the high energy consumption of TBS .The main contents and conclusions are as followings:
1) A heat load of the TBS calculating model is established. With the help of the envelope experiment data and the calculation software, the load and the energy-consumption of the TBS in typical cities can be worked out on several conditions.
2)Three different forms of organization of airflow were established. CFD simulation was used to optimize the airflow distribution of the TBS in order to improve the energy utilization.
3) In order to make full use of the outdoor cold source, separate heat pipe with Micro-channel was experimentally investigated on different conditions. TBS with separate heat pipe was experimentally studied on several different conditions. The COP range of the TBS with separate heat pipe is from 4.66 to 13.9, the average COP is up to 9.05 when average outdoor temperature is 20oC, while the average COP is 6.23 when average outdoor temperature is 27oC. Compressor of Air-conditioning occupies about 39.1% of the total running time and the PUE value is up to 1.71. The energy-saving rate of the new TBS can reach 44.7%. This system can save lots of energy.
5) TBS with separate heat pipe is equipped with a special solar power system. It is shown that the solar power system can basically meet the load demand for two fans of the TBS.
引文
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[3] Yau Y H.The use of a double heat pipe heat exchanger system for reducing energy consumption of treating ventilation air in an operating theatre—a full year energy consumption model simulation[J].Energy and Buildings,2008,40(5):917-925.
[4]青泉.通信网络能耗分析与节能技术应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,40(2):464-470.
[5] Yi Chen, Yufeng Zhang, Qinglin Meng. Study of ventilation cooling technology for telecommunication base stations in Guangzhou[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2009, 41(7):738-744.
[6]尹华,郭华芳,鲁涛.通信基站通风冷却节能系统的研究[J].节能,2011,30(1):49-52.
[7]韦巍,李智旻,欧大春.基站配套设备节能减排方案的模拟研究与实测分析[J].邮电设计技术,2010,(10):6-11.
[8]马国杰,刘东,金瑛.通信基站机房节能方案的实测与模拟研究[J].建筑节能,2010,38(11):44-48.
[9]董欣,石海,刘硕豪.绿色基站综合节能技术验证[J].通信电源技术,2011,28(2):50-52.
[10]陈晓晖.论全热交换在基站空调系统节能减排中的应用[J].中国新通信,2008,10(9):52-55.
[11]饶中浩,张国庆,陈远景,吴中杰,傅李鹏.通信基站空调的智能型综合节能系统研究[J].电信工程技术与标准化,2008,21(12):26-28.
[12]魏巍,刘京,赵加宁.电信基站用新风冷却换热装置的开发应用研究[J].电信工程技术与标准化,2005,(5):14-17.
[13]李奇贺,黄虎,张忠斌.热管式机房空调性能实验研究[J].暖通空调,2010,40(4):145-148
[14]石文星,韩林俊,王宝龙,周德海,李先庭.热管/蒸汽压缩复合空调原理及其在高发热量空间的应用效果分析[J].制冷与空调,2011,11(1):30-36.
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