杂种母羊和育肥羔羊能量蛋白质需要的研究
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摘要
本研究主要是通过饲养试验、消化试验和瘤胃降解率测定试验等，对不同营养水平下妊娠后期和泌乳期杂交母羊以及羔羊的能量、蛋白质、瘤胃降解蛋白和未降解蛋白的最适需要量进行了系统的研究。
在妊娠后期，选取体重相当(52.58±5.87kg)的德国肉用美利奴羊和河北细毛羊杂交三代的妊娠母羊72只，随机分成9组，各组之间体重差异不显著(P＞0.05)。本试验采用两因子随机分组，将能量和蛋白质作为两个因子，能量和蛋白质需要量的设定参考NRC(1985)绵羊的饲养标准，高中低水平分别是NRC推荐量的120％、100％、80％，每个处理设8个重复。这9个处理分别是：Ⅰ组为高蛋白高能量组(HPHE)、Ⅱ组为高蛋白中等能量组(HPME)、Ⅲ组为高蛋白低能量组(HPLE)、Ⅳ为中等蛋白高能量组(MPHE)、Ⅴ组为中等蛋白中等能量组(MPME)、Ⅵ组为中等蛋白低能量组(MPLE)、Ⅶ组为低蛋白高能量组(LPHE)、Ⅷ组为低蛋白中等能量组(LPME)、Ⅸ组为低蛋白低能量组(LPLE)。结果表明：母羊在妊娠后期增重以Ⅰ组为最快，日增重达到195.83±16.67g。羔羊的出生重仍以Ⅰ组为最高，为4.88±0.31kg。本试验条件下，通过对杂交母羊在妊娠后期生产性能的比较分析，得到杂交母羊在妊娠后期的日粮代谢能、粗蛋白质、降解蛋白和未降解蛋白的最佳养分进食量为0.85MJ／kgW~(0.75)、9.15g／kgW~(0.75)、3.99g／kgW~(0.75)和5.16g／kgW~(0.75)。
在泌乳期时，在原组基本不变的情况下，对个别组，个别羊作了调整，将每个处理设成7个重复，均为单羔。每个处理之间母羊体重差异不显著(P＞0.05)。试验设计同妊娠后期试验。结果表明：在整个泌乳期(80天)，母羊体重除Ⅲ组略有增加外(0.43±3.69kg／只)，各组体重损失差异不显著(P＞0.05)；对于羔羊的平均日增重来说，以Ⅱ组最高，为222.50±10.40g；泌乳量以Ⅱ组为最高，为0.95±0.12kg／只·天。在本试验条件下，通过对杂交母羊在泌乳期的生产性能的比较分析，得到杂交母羊在哺乳期的日粮代谢能、粗蛋白质、瘤胃降解蛋白和未降解蛋白的最佳养分进食量分别为1.18MJ／kgW~(0.75)、13.59g／kgW~(0.75)、6.45g／kgW~(0.75)和7.14g／kgW~(0.75)。
选择5月龄左右的德国肉用美利奴羊和河北细毛羊杂交四代健康羔羊40只，公母各半，体重相当(29.8±1.9kg)，随机分成四组，各组之间体重差异不显著(P＞0.05)。对照组羔羊每日每只补饲莜麦250g，试验组补饲同一种精料的不同水平，分别为每日每只补饲150g、250g、350g。结果表明：在放牧条件下，每天补饲0.35kg精料可显著提高其日增重(239.17±45.50kg)，并且经济效益显著(纯收入69.16元／只)；对于留作种用的公羔，补饲莜麦可以显著地提高生产性能，日增重达到270.00±43.01g；每天补饲0.25kg的精料的试验二组对能量和蛋白质的表观消化率为最高(65.78％和73.16％)。在本试验条件下，肥育羔羊的消化能和粗蛋白质的每日进食量分别为1.02MJ／kgW~(0.75)和17.48g／kgW~(0.75)。
Experiments were conducted to test different nutrition level of energy,rumen degradable protein and undegradable protein requirements of crossing sheep during the period of growing and in the last two months of pregnancy and in the first month of lactation by feeding trial,digestion and determination of feed degradation in rumen.
Select 72 pregnancy F3 ewes (52.58+5.87kg) of German merino sheep x Hebei fine wool sheep were divided into nine groups of each 8 and no significance of difference(P>0.05) each group during the last two month of pregnancy,and respectively fed with nine kinds of diets which were composed of 3 levels of energy and protein(120%,100%,80% of NRC(1985) recommending requirement).Group I was fed high energy and protein,group II was fed moderate energy and high protein,group LI was low energy and high protein,group IV was high energy and moderate protein,group V was moderate energy and moderate protein,group A/I was low energy and moderate protein,group VII was high energy and low protein,group VDI was moderate energy and low protein,group IX was low energy and low protein.The result showed that sheep weight of group I was fast and the average daily gain was 195.83 + 16.67g and the birth weight of lamb was 4.88+0.3lkg.The appropriate ME,CP,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during later pregnancy was 0.85 MJ/kgW0.75 9.15g/k
gW0.75 3.99g/kgW0.75 and 5.16g/kgW0.75 on this condition.
The sheep of individual made the adjustment under a basic and constant circumstance during lactation.The sheep were divided into nine groups of each 7 and significance c-f difference(P>0.05) each group.The results showed that the weight of group III added a. little(0,43 + 3.69kg/head) and surplus groups all lost but no significance c-f difference(P>0.05). The highest of the average daily gain of lamb was group II with 222.50+ 10.40g and the highest of the milk yield was group II with0.95+0.12kg/head d. The appropriate ME,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during lactation was 1.18MJ/kgW0.75 13.59g/kgW0.75 6.45g/kgW0.75 7.14g/kgW0.75 on this condition.
Select 40 F4 lambs (29.8+1.9kg,5 months) of German Merion sheep x Heibei fine wool sheep were divided into four groups(P>0.05),were feeded Naked oats and different nutritional level of the same feed in order to study effect on production performance by different nutritional level.Control group was fed 250g Naked oats and each experimental groups was respectively fed 150g,250g,350g same feed everyday.The result showed that daily gain was improved significant by feeding 0.35kg with grazing and economic benef was significant(pure earning was 69.16 yuan/head).Feeding Naked oats can increased production performance to seed of male and daily gain achieved 270.00+43.01kg.The apparent digest rate of energy and N of 2rd grope on feeding 0.25kg wan higest(65.78% and 73.16%).The appropriate DE and CP intake of fatting lamb during grazing was 1.02 MJ/kgW0.75,17.48 g/kgW0.75.
在妊娠后期，选取体重相当(52.58±5.87kg)的德国肉用美利奴羊和河北细毛羊杂交三代的妊娠母羊72只，随机分成9组，各组之间体重差异不显著(P＞0.05)。本试验采用两因子随机分组，将能量和蛋白质作为两个因子，能量和蛋白质需要量的设定参考NRC(1985)绵羊的饲养标准，高中低水平分别是NRC推荐量的120％、100％、80％，每个处理设8个重复。这9个处理分别是：Ⅰ组为高蛋白高能量组(HPHE)、Ⅱ组为高蛋白中等能量组(HPME)、Ⅲ组为高蛋白低能量组(HPLE)、Ⅳ为中等蛋白高能量组(MPHE)、Ⅴ组为中等蛋白中等能量组(MPME)、Ⅵ组为中等蛋白低能量组(MPLE)、Ⅶ组为低蛋白高能量组(LPHE)、Ⅷ组为低蛋白中等能量组(LPME)、Ⅸ组为低蛋白低能量组(LPLE)。结果表明：母羊在妊娠后期增重以Ⅰ组为最快，日增重达到195.83±16.67g。羔羊的出生重仍以Ⅰ组为最高，为4.88±0.31kg。本试验条件下，通过对杂交母羊在妊娠后期生产性能的比较分析，得到杂交母羊在妊娠后期的日粮代谢能、粗蛋白质、降解蛋白和未降解蛋白的最佳养分进食量为0.85MJ／kgW~(0.75)、9.15g／kgW~(0.75)、3.99g／kgW~(0.75)和5.16g／kgW~(0.75)。
在泌乳期时，在原组基本不变的情况下，对个别组，个别羊作了调整，将每个处理设成7个重复，均为单羔。每个处理之间母羊体重差异不显著(P＞0.05)。试验设计同妊娠后期试验。结果表明：在整个泌乳期(80天)，母羊体重除Ⅲ组略有增加外(0.43±3.69kg／只)，各组体重损失差异不显著(P＞0.05)；对于羔羊的平均日增重来说，以Ⅱ组最高，为222.50±10.40g；泌乳量以Ⅱ组为最高，为0.95±0.12kg／只·天。在本试验条件下，通过对杂交母羊在泌乳期的生产性能的比较分析，得到杂交母羊在哺乳期的日粮代谢能、粗蛋白质、瘤胃降解蛋白和未降解蛋白的最佳养分进食量分别为1.18MJ／kgW~(0.75)、13.59g／kgW~(0.75)、6.45g／kgW~(0.75)和7.14g／kgW~(0.75)。
选择5月龄左右的德国肉用美利奴羊和河北细毛羊杂交四代健康羔羊40只，公母各半，体重相当(29.8±1.9kg)，随机分成四组，各组之间体重差异不显著(P＞0.05)。对照组羔羊每日每只补饲莜麦250g，试验组补饲同一种精料的不同水平，分别为每日每只补饲150g、250g、350g。结果表明：在放牧条件下，每天补饲0.35kg精料可显著提高其日增重(239.17±45.50kg)，并且经济效益显著(纯收入69.16元／只)；对于留作种用的公羔，补饲莜麦可以显著地提高生产性能，日增重达到270.00±43.01g；每天补饲0.25kg的精料的试验二组对能量和蛋白质的表观消化率为最高(65.78％和73.16％)。在本试验条件下，肥育羔羊的消化能和粗蛋白质的每日进食量分别为1.02MJ／kgW~(0.75)和17.48g／kgW~(0.75)。
Experiments were conducted to test different nutrition level of energy,rumen degradable protein and undegradable protein requirements of crossing sheep during the period of growing and in the last two months of pregnancy and in the first month of lactation by feeding trial,digestion and determination of feed degradation in rumen.
Select 72 pregnancy F3 ewes (52.58+5.87kg) of German merino sheep x Hebei fine wool sheep were divided into nine groups of each 8 and no significance of difference(P>0.05) each group during the last two month of pregnancy,and respectively fed with nine kinds of diets which were composed of 3 levels of energy and protein(120%,100%,80% of NRC(1985) recommending requirement).Group I was fed high energy and protein,group II was fed moderate energy and high protein,group LI was low energy and high protein,group IV was high energy and moderate protein,group V was moderate energy and moderate protein,group A/I was low energy and moderate protein,group VII was high energy and low protein,group VDI was moderate energy and low protein,group IX was low energy and low protein.The result showed that sheep weight of group I was fast and the average daily gain was 195.83 + 16.67g and the birth weight of lamb was 4.88+0.3lkg.The appropriate ME,CP,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during later pregnancy was 0.85 MJ/kgW0.75 9.15g/k
gW0.75 3.99g/kgW0.75 and 5.16g/kgW0.75 on this condition.
The sheep of individual made the adjustment under a basic and constant circumstance during lactation.The sheep were divided into nine groups of each 7 and significance c-f difference(P>0.05) each group.The results showed that the weight of group III added a. little(0,43 + 3.69kg/head) and surplus groups all lost but no significance c-f difference(P>0.05). The highest of the average daily gain of lamb was group II with 222.50+ 10.40g and the highest of the milk yield was group II with0.95+0.12kg/head d. The appropriate ME,RDP and UDP intake of ewes during lactation was 1.18MJ/kgW0.75 13.59g/kgW0.75 6.45g/kgW0.75 7.14g/kgW0.75 on this condition.
Select 40 F4 lambs (29.8+1.9kg,5 months) of German Merion sheep x Heibei fine wool sheep were divided into four groups(P>0.05),were feeded Naked oats and different nutritional level of the same feed in order to study effect on production performance by different nutritional level.Control group was fed 250g Naked oats and each experimental groups was respectively fed 150g,250g,350g same feed everyday.The result showed that daily gain was improved significant by feeding 0.35kg with grazing and economic benef was significant(pure earning was 69.16 yuan/head).Feeding Naked oats can increased production performance to seed of male and daily gain achieved 270.00+43.01kg.The apparent digest rate of energy and N of 2rd grope on feeding 0.25kg wan higest(65.78% and 73.16%).The appropriate DE and CP intake of fatting lamb during grazing was 1.02 MJ/kgW0.75,17.48 g/kgW0.75.
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