基于数据挖掘的隧道施工地表沉降规律研究
|
摘要
大规模的地铁建设缓解了城市交通压力，却激发了城市岩土工程的安全风险。岩土工程问题的复杂性促使工程领域迫切的需要一套系统化的方法积累工程经验、探索工程规律、利用工程知识。本文遵循知识管理的技术路线，针对地铁隧道工程领域最受人关注的地表沉降指标，提出了一套从数据到智慧的系统化研究方法，该方法既有助于工程经验的积累，也为现场安全决策提供支持。
首先，本文构建了面向隧道施工地表沉降分析的时空情境多维数据仓库，将零散的多源异构数据整合成集成情境的价值信息。在从数据到信息的转换过程中，本文创新性地提出了地表沉降增长的Logistic模型；基于该模型，本文运用非线性回归及随机借补技术解决了沉降监测数据不等距缺失问题；本文还运用离散小波变换技术滤除了日沉降中的监测误差，综合提升了数据的质量和信息的价值。
基于上文构建的时空情境多维数据仓库，本文进一步从时间、空间、情境等多个视角挖掘了地表沉降规律，提炼了能够指示地表沉降安全风险的相关指标。在从信息到知识的转换过程中，本文创新性地提出了双隧道沉降槽模型，并运用Levenberg-Marquardt方法解决了该模型的非线性拟合问题；基于大量的拟合结果，本文发现了沉降槽宽度的时不变性及其与地质水文分布的相关性；本文还提出了地层损失的计算方法，得出了地层损失的分布情况和增长规律。
最后，综合运用前文得到的地表沉降时、空、情境规律，本文建立了地表沉降安全风险预警机制以指导工程实践。在这一从知识到智慧的转换过程中，本文创新性地提出了地表沉降风险分级区域的划分方法，该方法由高斯分布经验法则推广而来，并结合前文得到的沉降槽宽度预测公式可对地表沉降安全风险进行预评估；本文还引入统计过程控制（SPC）思想提出了对地表沉降、地层损失等风险指标进行异常数据识别的方法。
Large-scale construction of subway system can ease the pressure on urban traffic, butinspire the geotechnical safety risk in urban area. There is an emergent need for asystematic way to accumulate engineering experience, to explore engineering rules and toimplement engineering knowledge, because the geotechnical works are very complex.This dissertation follows the route of knowledge management technology and proposes asystematic method named ‘from data to wisdom’ to evaluate tunneling induced groundsettlement which deserves most safety attention. This method not only contributes to theaccumulation of experience in engineering, but also supports safety decision on site.
First, a multidimensional data warehouse is established to facilitate the analysis ofground settlement and integrate the fragmented and heterogeneous data into valuableinformation. In the conversion process of data to information, a Logistic model isproposed to describe the growing pattern of ground settlement and solve the data missingproblem by using non-linear regression and random imputation techniques. Waveletanalysis method is also implemented to filter out the measurement error and enhance thequality of the data and the value of information.
Then, the rules of ground settlement are explored in multiple perspectives and somesafety indicators are refined by using the data warehouse. In the conversion process ofinformation to knowledge, the settlement trough model of twin-tunnel is proposed andLevenberg-Marquardt method is implemented to solve the problem of non-linear modelfitting; the fitting results show the time invariance of the settlement trough width and itscorrelation with the distribution of the geological and hydrological condition; thisdissertation also proposes the calculation method of ground loss and concludes itsdistribution and growth pattern.
Finally, an early warning mechanism for ground settlement control is established toguide the engineering practice by comprehensively applying the proposed rules of groundsettlement. In the conversion process from knowledge to wisdom, a method to scope thesafety area is proposed by extending the rule of Gaussian distribution and adopting theproposed prediction method of the width of ground settlement trough; the statisticalprocess control (SPC) method is also implemented to identify the outlier of groundsettlement, ground loss and etc.
首先，本文构建了面向隧道施工地表沉降分析的时空情境多维数据仓库，将零散的多源异构数据整合成集成情境的价值信息。在从数据到信息的转换过程中，本文创新性地提出了地表沉降增长的Logistic模型；基于该模型，本文运用非线性回归及随机借补技术解决了沉降监测数据不等距缺失问题；本文还运用离散小波变换技术滤除了日沉降中的监测误差，综合提升了数据的质量和信息的价值。
基于上文构建的时空情境多维数据仓库，本文进一步从时间、空间、情境等多个视角挖掘了地表沉降规律，提炼了能够指示地表沉降安全风险的相关指标。在从信息到知识的转换过程中，本文创新性地提出了双隧道沉降槽模型，并运用Levenberg-Marquardt方法解决了该模型的非线性拟合问题；基于大量的拟合结果，本文发现了沉降槽宽度的时不变性及其与地质水文分布的相关性；本文还提出了地层损失的计算方法，得出了地层损失的分布情况和增长规律。
最后，综合运用前文得到的地表沉降时、空、情境规律，本文建立了地表沉降安全风险预警机制以指导工程实践。在这一从知识到智慧的转换过程中，本文创新性地提出了地表沉降风险分级区域的划分方法，该方法由高斯分布经验法则推广而来，并结合前文得到的沉降槽宽度预测公式可对地表沉降安全风险进行预评估；本文还引入统计过程控制（SPC）思想提出了对地表沉降、地层损失等风险指标进行异常数据识别的方法。
Large-scale construction of subway system can ease the pressure on urban traffic, butinspire the geotechnical safety risk in urban area. There is an emergent need for asystematic way to accumulate engineering experience, to explore engineering rules and toimplement engineering knowledge, because the geotechnical works are very complex.This dissertation follows the route of knowledge management technology and proposes asystematic method named ‘from data to wisdom’ to evaluate tunneling induced groundsettlement which deserves most safety attention. This method not only contributes to theaccumulation of experience in engineering, but also supports safety decision on site.
First, a multidimensional data warehouse is established to facilitate the analysis ofground settlement and integrate the fragmented and heterogeneous data into valuableinformation. In the conversion process of data to information, a Logistic model isproposed to describe the growing pattern of ground settlement and solve the data missingproblem by using non-linear regression and random imputation techniques. Waveletanalysis method is also implemented to filter out the measurement error and enhance thequality of the data and the value of information.
Then, the rules of ground settlement are explored in multiple perspectives and somesafety indicators are refined by using the data warehouse. In the conversion process ofinformation to knowledge, the settlement trough model of twin-tunnel is proposed andLevenberg-Marquardt method is implemented to solve the problem of non-linear modelfitting; the fitting results show the time invariance of the settlement trough width and itscorrelation with the distribution of the geological and hydrological condition; thisdissertation also proposes the calculation method of ground loss and concludes itsdistribution and growth pattern.
Finally, an early warning mechanism for ground settlement control is established toguide the engineering practice by comprehensively applying the proposed rules of groundsettlement. In the conversion process from knowledge to wisdom, a method to scope thesafety area is proposed by extending the rule of Gaussian distribution and adopting theproposed prediction method of the width of ground settlement trough; the statisticalprocess control (SPC) method is also implemented to identify the outlier of groundsettlement, ground loss and etc.
引文
[1]戎晓力,钱七虎.中国地下工程安全风险管理的现状、问题及相关建议.岩石力学与工程学报,2008,(04):649-655.
[2]侯艳娟,张顶立,李鹏飞.北京地铁施工安全事故分析及防治对策.北京交通大学学报,2009,33(3):52-59.
[3]曹志远.土木工程分析的施工力学与时变力学基础.土木工程学报,2001,(03):41-46.
[4]林宗元.岩土工程试验监测手册.建筑工业出版社.2005.
[5]北京市建设委员会,北京市质量技术监督局.地铁工程监控量测技术规程.2007.
[6] R. Bassett, J. Kimmance, C. Rasmussen. An automated electrolevel deformationmonitoring system for tunnels. Proceedings of the Institution of CivilEngineers-Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(3):117-125.
[7]高改萍,李双平,苏爱军,张京生,崔政权.测量机器人变形监测自动化系统.人民长江,2005,(03).
[8]杨松林,刘维宁,王梦恕,黄方,崔年治.自动全站仪隧道围岩变形非接触监测及分析预报系统研究.铁道学报,2004,(03):93-97.
[9]肖晋辉,袁越华,余渊. CCTV主楼基础沉降静力水准测量技术.施工技术,2010,(03).
[10]邱冬炜.热力管线穿越地铁隧道工程变形监测.中国测绘学会第九次全国会员代表大会暨学会成立50周年纪念大会论文集,2009.
[11]杨建图,姜衍祥,周俊,黄立人,路旭. GPS测量地面沉降的可靠性及精度分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2006,(01).
[12]蔡德所.光纤传感技术在大坝工程中的应用.中国水利水电出版社.2002.
[13]刘泉声,徐光苗,张志凌.光纤测量技术在岩土工程中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,(02).
[14] R. J. Mair. Tunnelling and geotechnics: new horizons. Geotechnique,2008,58(9):695-736.
[15]田胜利.隧道及地下空间结构变形的数字化摄影测量与监测数据处理新技术研究.上海交通大学,2005.
[16]田胜利,葛修润,涂志军.隧道及地下空间结构变形的数字化近景摄影测量试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,(07).
[17] R. J. Grant, R. N. Taylor. Tunnelling-induced ground movements in clay.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering,2000,143(1):43-55.
[18] R. J. Grant, R. N. Taylor. Centrifuge modelling of ground movements due totunnelling inlayered ground. International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Constructionin Soft Ground, London,1996.
[19] T. Vorster, A. Klar, K. Soga, R. J. Mair. Estimating the effects of tunneling onexisting pipelines. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(11):1399-1410.
[20] R. K. Rowe, K. Y. Lo, G. J. Kack. Amethod of estimating surface settlement abovetunnels constructed in soft ground. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1983,20(1):11-22.
[21] K. M. Lee, R. K. Rowe, K. Y. Lo. Subsidence owing to tunnelling. I. Estimatingthe gap parameter. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,29(6):929-940.
[22] A. Verruijt, J. R. Booker. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in anelastic half plane. Geotechnique,1996,46(4):753-756.
[23] N. Loganathan, H. G. Poulos. Analytical prediction for tunneling-induced groundmovements in clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124(9):846-856.
[24] A. Verruijt. A complex variable solution for a deforming circular tunnel in anelastic half-plane. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL ANDANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS,1997,21(2):77-89.
[25] C. Sagaseta. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss.Geotechnique,1987,37(3):301-320.
[26] C. Gonzalez, C. Sagaseta. Patterns of soil deformations around tunnels.Application to the extension of Madrid Metro. COMPUTERS ANDGEOTECHNICS,2001,28(6-7):445-468.
[27] Y. Hashash, D. Park, J. Yao. Ovaling deformations of circular tunnels underseismic loading, an update on seismic design and analysis of undergroundstructures. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(5):435-441.
[28] K. H. Park. Analytical solution for tunnelling-induced ground movement in clays.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(3):249-261.
[29] H. H. Einstein, C. W. Schwartz. Simplified analysis for tunnel supports. ASCE,Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1979,105(4):499-518.
[30] S. Y. Chi, J. C. Chern, C. C. Lin. Optimized back-analysis for tunneling-inducedground movement using equivalent ground loss model. Tunnelling andUnderground Space Technology,2001,16(3):159-165.
[31] W.-I. Chou, A. Bobet. Predictions of ground deformations in shallow tunnels inclay. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,17(1):3-19.
[32] A. Bobet. Analytical solutions for shallow tunnels in saturated ground. Journal ofEngineering Mechanics,2001,127(12):1258-1266.
[33] J. S. Yang, B. C. Liu, M. C. Wang. Modeling of tunneling-induced ground surfacemovements using stochastic medium theory. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2004,19(2):113-123.
[34] W. T. Li. Prediction of surface settlement due to the displacement of soft zones.DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMATERIALS, VOLS1AND2,2008:413-419.
[35] S. W. Lee, J. W. Jung, S. W. Nam, I. M. Lee. The influence of seepage forces onground reaction curve of circular opening. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2007,22(1):28-38.
[36] S. W. Nam, A. Bobet. Radial deformations induced by groundwater flow on deepcircular tunnels. ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING,2007,40(1):23-39.
[37] A. Bobet. Characteristic Curves for Deep Circular Tunnels in Poroplastic Rock.ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING,2010,43(2):185-200.
[38] Y. J. Shin, B. M. Kim, J. H. Shin, I. M. Lee. The ground reaction curve ofunderwater tunnels considering seepage forces. Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2010,25(4):315-324.
[39] A. Klar, A. M. Marshall, K. Soga, R. J. Mair. Tunneling effects on jointed pipelines.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2008,45(1):131-139.
[40] Ita. Settlements induced by tunneling in Soft Ground. Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2007,22(2):119-149.
[41] M. Panet, A. Guenot. Analysis of convergence behind the face of a tunnel.Tunnelling82,Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London,1982.
[42] R. J. Finno, G. W. Clough. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunnelling.Journal of Geotech Engineering,1985,111(2):155-173.
[43] K. M. Lee, R. K. Rowe. An analysis of three-dimensional ground movements:theThunder Baytunnel. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1991,28:25-41.
[44] A. Gens. General report: Prediction, performance and design. Int.Symp.onpre-failure deformation charact of geomaterials, Rotterdam,1995.
[45] T. I. Addenbrooke. Numerical analysis of tunnelling in stiff clay:[Ph.D.thesis].Imperial College,University of London,1996.
[46] K. M. Lee, R. K. Rowe. Deformations caused by surface loading and tunnelling:The role of elastic anisotropy. Geotechnique,1989,39(1):125-140.
[47] T. I. Addenbrooke, D. M. Potts, A. M. Puzrin. The influence of pre-failure soilstiffness on the numerical analysis of tunnel construction. Geotechnique,1997,47(3):693-712.
[48] R. Katzenbach, H. Breth. Nonlinear3D analysis for NATM in Frankfurt Clay.Proc.10mInt.Conf.on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm,1981.
[49] G. R. Dasari, C. G. Rawlings, M. D. Bolton. Numerical modelling of a NATMtunnel construction in London Clay. Proc.Int.Symposium on Geotechnical Aspectsof UndergroundConstruction in Soft Ground, London,1996.
[50] D. K. W. Tang, K. M. Lee, C. W. W. Ng. Stress paths around a3-D numericallysimulated NATM tunnel in stiff clay. Proc.of the International Symposium onGeotechnicalAspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Rotterdam,2000.
[51] P. A. Vermeer, P. G. Bonnier, S. C. Moller. On a smart use of3D-FEM in tunnelling.Proceedings of the8th international symposium on numerical models ingeomechanics, Rotterdam,2002.
[52] P. F. M. Guedes, C. Santos Pereira. The role of the soil K0value in numericalanalysis ofshallow tunnels. Proc.of the International Symposium on GeotechnicalAspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Rotterdam,2000.
[53] G. T. K. Lee, C. W. W. Ng. Three-dimensional analysis of ground settlements dueto tunnelling:Role of K0and stiffness anisotropy. Proc.of the InternationalSymposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Lyon,2002.
[54] O. J. Santos, T. B. Celestino. Artificial neural networks analysis of Sao Paulosubway tunnel settlement data. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(5):481-491.
[55] M. Y. Cheng, H. C. Tsai, C. H. Ko, W. T. Chang. Evolutionary fuzzy neuralinference system for decision making in geotechnical engineering. Journal ofcomputing in civil engineering,2008,22(4):272-280.
[56] J. S. Shi, J. Ortigao, J. L. Bai. Modular neural networks for predicting settlementsduring tunneling. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124(5):389-395.
[57] C. Y. Kim, G. J. Bae, S. W. Hong, C. H. Park, H. K. Moon, H. S. Shin. Neuralnetwork based prediction of ground surface settlements due to tunnelling.COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS,2001,28(6-7):517-547.
[58] H. An, J. Sun, X. Hu. Study on intelligent method of prediction by small samplesfor ground settlement in shield tunnelling. Singapore.2004.
[59] K. M. Neaupane, N. R. Adhikari. Prediction of tunneling-induced groundmovement with the multi-layer perceptron. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2006,21(2):151-159.
[60] S. Suwansawat, H. H. Einstein. Artificial neural networks for predicting themaximum surface settlement caused by EPB shield tunneling. Tunnelling andUnderground Space Technology,2006,21(2):133-150.
[61] J. C. Jan, S. L. Hung, S. Y. Chi, J. C. Chern. Neural network forecast model indeep excavation. Journal of computing in civil engineering,2002,16(1):59-65.
[62] Y. Hashash, C. Marulanda, J. Ghaboussi, S. Jung. Systematic update of a deepexcavation model using field performance data. COMPUTERS ANDGEOTECHNICS,2003,30(6):477-488.
[63] S. S. Leu, H. C. Lo. Neural-network-based regression model of ground surfacesettlement induced by deep excavation. Automation in Construction,2004,13(3):279-289.
[64] C. G. Chua, A. T. C. Goh. Estimating wall deflections in deep excavations usingBayesian neural networks. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(4):400-409.
[65] X.-T. Feng, H. Zhao, S. Li. Modeling non-linear displacement time series ofgeo-materials using evolutionary support vector machines. INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES,2004,41(7):1087-1107.
[66] P. Samui, T. G. Sitharam. Least-square support vector machine applied tosettlement of shallow foundations on cohesionless soils. INTERNATIONALJOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS INGEOMECHANICS,2007,32(17):2033-43.
[67] M. A. Shabin, H. R. Maier, M. B. Jaksa. Data division for developing neuralnetworks applied to geotechnical engineering. Journal of computing in civilengineering,2004,18(2):105-114.
[68] C. Oppenheim, J. Stenson, R. Wilson. Studies on information as an asset I:definitions. Journal of Information Science,2003,29(3):159-166.
[69] T. D. Wilson. Models in information behaviour research. Journal of documentation,1999,55(3):249-270.
[70] G. Bellinger, D. Castro, A. Mills. Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom.2004.
[71] R. L. Ackoff. From data to wisdom. Journal of applied systems analysis,1989,16(1):3-9.
[72] K. M. Wiig. Knowledge management: an emerging discipline rooted in a longhistory. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.2000:3-26.
[73] N. M. Dixon. Common knowledge: How companies thrive by sharing what theyknow. Harvard Business Press.2000.
[74] C. Despres, D. Chauvel. Knowledge horizons. Routledge.2012.
[75] E. J. Quigley, A. Debons. Interrogative theory of information and knowledge.Proceedings of the1999ACM SIGCPR conference on Computer personnelresearch,1999:4-10.
[76] D. Vance. Information, knowledge and wisdom: The epistemic hierarchy andcomputer-based information systems. AMCIS1997Proceedings,1997:124.
[77] H. Bajaria. Knowledge creation and management: inseparable twins. Total QualityManagement,2000,11(4-6):562-573.
[78] J. Maglitta. Smarten up! Computerworld,1995,29(23):84-86.
[79] M. J. Marquardt. Building the learning organization: mastering the5elements forcorporate learning. Davies-Black Publishing.2002.
[80] J. Rowley. The wisdom hierarchy: representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journalof Information Science,2007,33(2):163-180.
[81] C. T. Meadow, W. Yuan. Measuring the impact of information: defining theconcepts. Information Processing&Management,1997,33(6):697-714.
[82] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro, P. Smyth. From data mining to knowledgediscovery in databases. AI magazine,1996,17(3):37.
[83] P. Van Bommel. Transformation of knowledge, information and data: theory andapplications. Information Science Pub.2005.
[84] S. Suwansawat. Shield tunneling database management for ground movementevaluation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(4-5):376-377.
[85] W. H. Inmon. Building the Data Warehouse. New York: Wiley.1992.
[86] K. Corral, D. Schuff, R. Louis. The impact of alternative diagrams on the accuracyof recall: A comparison of star-schema diagrams and entity-relationship diagrams.DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS,2006,42(1):450-468.
[87] K. W. Chau, Y. Cao, M. Anson, J. P. Zhang. Application of data warehouse andDecision Support System in construction management. Automation inConstruction,2003,12(2):213-224.
[88] I. Ahmad, S. Azhar, P. Lukauskis. Development of a decision support system usingdata warehousing to assist builders/developers in site selection. Automation inConstruction,2004,13(4):525-542.
[89] Z. L. Ma, K. D. Wong, L. Heng, Y. Jun. Utilizing exchanged documents inconstruction projects for decision support based on data warehousing technique.Automation in Construction,2005,14(3Sp. Iss. SI):405-412.
[90] T. Rujirayanyong, J. J. Shi. A project-oriented data warehouse for construction.Automation in Construction,2006,15(6):800-807.
[91] S. W. Moon, J. S. Kim, K. N. Kwon. Effectiveness of OLAP-based cost datamanagement in construction cost estimate. Automation in Construction,2007,16(3):336-344.
[92] S.-M. Tseng, C.-C. Chou, T.-W. Ho, C.-Y. Lin, T.-C. Chen. A spatiotemporaldatabase approach to the management of utility work schedules in transportationprojects. Automation in Construction,2011,20(6):729-739.
[93]王梦恕.隧道工程浅埋暗挖法施工要点.隧道建设,2006,26(5):1-4.
[94]姚宣德.浅埋暗挖法城市隧道及地下工程施工风险分析与评估.北京交通大学,2009.
[95] J. L. Rangel, U. Iturraran-Viveros, A. G. Ayala, F. Cervantes. Tunnel stabilityanalysis during construction using a neuro-fuzzy system. INTERNATIONALJOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS INGEOMECHANICS,2005,29(15):1433-1456.
[96] M. Peng, H. W. Huang, Q. F. Hu, X. Huang. Adatabase designed for dynamic riskmanagement in shield tunneling from site monitoring data.2008.
[97] J. H. Lee, Y. S. Kim, G. R. Jin, T. S. Kwon, W. S. Hwang, H. S. Han, S. U. Shin, S.J. Park, I. S. Seo. Deformation analysis by artificial neural networks and FEMdatabase for design and construction of NATM tunnels.2008.
[98] L. Soibelman, H. Kim. Data preparation process for construction knowledgegeneration through knowledge discovery in databases. Journal of computing incivil engineering,2002,16(1):39-48.
[99] L. Ding, L. Ma, H. Luo, M. Yu, X. Wu. Wavelet Analysis for tunneling-inducedground settlement based on a stochastic model. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2011,26(5):619-628.
[100] R. J. A. Little, D. B. Rubin. Statistical analysis with missing data,2nd Ed.Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.2002.
[101] D. B. Rubin. Inference and missing data. Biometrika,1976,63(3):581-592.
[102] R. J. A. Little. A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data withmissing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association,1988:1198-1202.
[103]梅国雄,宰金珉,殷宗泽,赵维炳.沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型的证明及其应用——从土体本构关系.岩土力学,2005,(S1).
[104] M. R. Hurrell. EMPIRICAL PREDICTION OF LONG-TERM SURFACESETTLEMENTS ABOVE SHIELD-DRIVEN TUNNELS IN SOIL. GroundMovements and Structures, Proceedings of the3rd International Conference.,London, Engl,1985:161-170.
[105]韩煊.隧道施工引起地层位移及建筑物变形预测的实用方法研究.西安理工大学,2007.
[106] J. C. Lagarias, J. A. Reeds, M. H. Wright, P. E. Wright. Convergence properties ofthe Nelder-Mead simplex method in low dimensions. SIAM JOURNAL ONOPTIMIZATION,1998,9(1):112-147.
[107] A. N. Baraldi, C. K. Enders. An introduction to modern missing data analyses.JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY,2010,48(1):5-37.
[108] G. E. P. Box, M. E. Muller. A note on the generation of random normal deviates.The Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1958,29(2):610-611.
[109] A. Grossmann, J. Morlet. Decomposition of Hardy functions into square integrablewavelets of constant shape. SIAM journal on mathematical analysis,1984,15(4):723-736.
[110] I. Daubechies. Ten Lectures on Wavelets. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial andApplied Mathematics.1992.
[111] S. G. Mallat. A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the waveletrepresentation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1989,11(7):674-693.
[112] S. Mallat. Multiresolution approximations and wavelet orthonormal bases of L2(R). Trans. Amer. Math. Soc,1989,315(1).
[113] D. B. Percival, A. T. Walden. Wavelet Methods for Time Series Analysis.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.2000.
[114] D. A. Dickey, W. A. Fuller. Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive TimeSeries with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association,1979,74:427–431.
[115] S. Gideon. Estimating the Dimension of a Model. The Annals of Statistics,1978,6(2):461-464.
[116] G. W. Schwert. Tests for unit roots: A Monte Carlo investigation. JOURNAL OFBUSINESS&ECONOMIC STATISTICS,1989,20(7):147–160.
[117] J. S. Bai, S. Ng. Tests for skewness, kurtosis, and normality for time series data.JOURNAL OF BUSINESS&ECONOMIC STATISTICS,2005,23(1):49-60.
[118] A. K. Bera, C. M. Jarque. Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serialindependence of regression residuals: Monte Carlo Evidence. Economics Letters,1981,7(4):313-318.
[119] C. M. Jarque, A. K. Bera. Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serialindependence of regression residuals. Economics Letters,1980,6(3):255-259.
[120] C. M. Jarque, A. K. Bera. A Test for Normality of Observations and RegressionResiduals. International Statistical Review/Revue Internationale de Statistique,1987,55(2):163-172.
[121] F. Martos. Concerning an approximate equation of the subsidence trough and itstime factors. International Strata Control Congress, Leipzig,1958.
[122] R. B. Peck. Deep excavations and tunnelling in soft ground. Proc.7th InternationalConference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City,1969:225-290.
[123] T. B. Celestino, R. Gomes, A. A. Bortolucci. Errors in ground distortions due tosettlement trough adjustment. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(1):97-100.
[124] B. Schmidt. Settlements and ground movements associated with tunnelling in soils:
[PhD Thesis]. University of Illinois,Urbana,1969.
[125] P. B. Attewell, N. H. Glossop, I. W. Farmer. Ground deformations caused bytunnelling in soil. Ground Engineering,1978,15(8):32-41.
[126] W. J. Rankin. Ground movements resulting from urban tunnelling: predictions andeffects. Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications,1988,5(1):79-92.
[127] P. B. Attewell, J. P. Woodman. Predicting the dynamics of ground settlement andits derivatives caused by tunneling in soil. Ground Engineering,1982,15(8):13-22,36.
[128] G. W. Clough, B. Schmidt. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels insoft clay. Elsevier.1981.
[129] T. Sugiyama, T. Hagiwara, T. Nomoto, M. Nomoto, Y. Ano, R. Mair, M. Bolton, K.Soga. Observations of ground movements during tunnel construction by slurryshield method at the Docklands Light Railway Lewisham Extension-East London.Soils and Foundations,1999,39(3):99-112.
[130] M. P. O'reilly, B. M. New. Settlements above tunnels in the United Kingdom, theirmagnitude and prediction. Proc. Tunnelling '82, Brighton,1982:173-181.
[131] P. B. Attewell, J. Yeates, A. R. Selby. Soil movements induced by Tunneling andtheir Effects on Pipelines and Structures. New York: Chapman and Hall.1986.
[132] R. J. Mair, R. N. Taylor, A. Bracegirdle. Subsurface settlement profiles abovetunnels in clays. Geotechnique,1993,43(2):315-320.
[133] B. M. New, M. P. O'reilly. Tunnelling induced ground movements; predicting theirmagnitude and effects. Proceedings of the International Conference on GroundMovements and Structures, Jul8-111991, Cardiff, Wales,1991:671-671.
[134] B. B. Broms, H. Bennermark. Stability of clay at vertical openings. Journal of SoilMechanics and Foundation Engineering Division,1967,93(1):71-94.
[135] N. Glossop. Ground movements caused by tunnelling in soft soils. Ph. D. Thesis,University of Durham,1978.
[136] J. B. Burland, J. R. Standing, F. M. Jardine. Assessing the risk of building damagedue to tunnelling-Lessons from the Jubilee Line Extension, London.GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MEETING SOCIETY'S NEEDS, VOLS1AND2, PROCEEDINGS,2001:17-44.
[137] R. J. Mair, R. N. Taylor. Bored tunnelling in the urban environment. The14thInternational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Hamburg, Germany,1997.
[138] R. J. Mair. General report on settlement effects of bored tunnels. InternationalConference of Geotechnical Aspects on Underground Construction in Soft Ground,London, UK,1996.
[139] W. Yoshikoshi, O. Watanabe, N. Takagi. Prediction of Ground SettlementsAssociated with Shield Tunnelling. Soils and Foundations,1978,18(4):47-59.
[140] Y. Fang, S. Lin, J. Lin. Time and settlement in EPB shield tunnelling. Tunnels andTunnelling,1993,25(11):27-8.
[141] F. H. Chehade, I. Shahrour. Numerical analysis of the interaction betweentwin-tunnels: Influence of the relative position and construction procedure.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(2):210-214.
[142] X. L. Yang, J. M. Wang. Ground movement prediction for tunnels using simplifiedprocedure. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26(3):462-471.
[143] C. Yoo, S. B. Kim. Three-dimensional numerical investigation of multifacedtunneling in water-bearing soft ground. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2008,45(10):1467-1486.
[144] S. G. Ercelebi, H. Copur, I. Ocak. Surface settlement predictions for Istanbul Metrotunnels excavated by EPB-TBM. ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES,2011,62(2):357-365.
[145] Y. Mahmutoglu. Surface subsidence induced by twin subway tunnelling in softground conditions in Istanbul. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and theEnvironment,2011,70(1):115-131.
[146] S. Suwansawat, H. H. Einstein. Describing settlement troughs over twin tunnelsusing a superposition technique. Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,2007,133(4):445-468.
[147] D. W. Marquardt. An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinearparameters. Journal of the society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,1963,11(2):431-441.
[148] K. Levenberg. Amethod for the solution of certain problems in least squares. Quart.Applied Math.,1944,2:164-168.
[149] E. J. Cording, W. H. Hansmire. Displacement around soft ground tunnels. GeneralReport: Session IV, Tunnels in soil, Proceedings of5th Pan American Conferenceon Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1975.
[150]姚宣德,王梦恕.地铁浅埋暗挖法施工引起的地表沉降控制标准的统计分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2030-2035.
[151]王梦恕,张成平.城市地下工程建设的事故分析及控制对策.建筑科学与工程学报,2008,25(2).
[152]孙坚,宋宏伟,王天春.隧道下穿对道路结构应力及沉降变形的影响研究.水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(5):18-23.
[153]张起森.高等路面结构设计理论与方法.人民交通出版社.2005.
[154] Z. Peng, T. Zhong-Sheng. The Study of the Pavement Settlement Standard Inducedby Shallow Buried Tunnel.11th Acuus International Conference-UndergroundSpace: Expanding the Frontiers,2007:441-445.
[155]铁道部.铁路线路维修规则.北京:中国铁道出版社.2001.
[156]王新线.既有铁路站场下暗挖隧道地面沉降标准研究.铁道标准设计,2006,4:54-56.
[157]广州地区建筑基坑支护技术规定.1998.
[158]黄龙湘.隧道施工引起邻近建筑物损坏风险评估与控制:[硕士].中南大学,2011.
[159]范文兴,黄捷胜,蒲开勇.城市浅埋暗挖地铁隧道沉降控制与分析.铁道标准设计,2007,(S2):60-63.
[160]陈龙.城市软土盾构隧道施工期风险分析与评估研究:[博士].同济大学,2004.
[161] J. B. Burland. Behavior of foundations and structures on soft ground. Proc.9thICSMFE,1977:495-546.
[162] J. Burland. Assessment of risk of damage to buildings due to tunnelling andexcavation. Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine.1995.
[163] M. D. Boscardin, E. J. Cording. Building response to excavation-inducedsettlement. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,115(1):1-21.
[164] R. W. Day. Differential movement of slab-on-grade structures. Journal ofPerformance of Constructed Facilities,1990,4(4):236-241.
[165] V. Guglielmetti, A. Mahtab, S. Xu, P. Grasso. Mechanized tunnelling in urbanareas. Taylor&Francis.2007.
[166] W. Frischmann, J. Hellings, G. Gittoes, C. Snowden. Protection of the MansionHouse against damage caused by ground movements due to the Docklands LightRailway Extension. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: GeotechnicalEngineering,1994.
[167] A. J. Duncan. Quality control and industrial statistics.1974.
[2]侯艳娟,张顶立,李鹏飞.北京地铁施工安全事故分析及防治对策.北京交通大学学报,2009,33(3):52-59.
[3]曹志远.土木工程分析的施工力学与时变力学基础.土木工程学报,2001,(03):41-46.
[4]林宗元.岩土工程试验监测手册.建筑工业出版社.2005.
[5]北京市建设委员会,北京市质量技术监督局.地铁工程监控量测技术规程.2007.
[6] R. Bassett, J. Kimmance, C. Rasmussen. An automated electrolevel deformationmonitoring system for tunnels. Proceedings of the Institution of CivilEngineers-Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(3):117-125.
[7]高改萍,李双平,苏爱军,张京生,崔政权.测量机器人变形监测自动化系统.人民长江,2005,(03).
[8]杨松林,刘维宁,王梦恕,黄方,崔年治.自动全站仪隧道围岩变形非接触监测及分析预报系统研究.铁道学报,2004,(03):93-97.
[9]肖晋辉,袁越华,余渊. CCTV主楼基础沉降静力水准测量技术.施工技术,2010,(03).
[10]邱冬炜.热力管线穿越地铁隧道工程变形监测.中国测绘学会第九次全国会员代表大会暨学会成立50周年纪念大会论文集,2009.
[11]杨建图,姜衍祥,周俊,黄立人,路旭. GPS测量地面沉降的可靠性及精度分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2006,(01).
[12]蔡德所.光纤传感技术在大坝工程中的应用.中国水利水电出版社.2002.
[13]刘泉声,徐光苗,张志凌.光纤测量技术在岩土工程中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,(02).
[14] R. J. Mair. Tunnelling and geotechnics: new horizons. Geotechnique,2008,58(9):695-736.
[15]田胜利.隧道及地下空间结构变形的数字化摄影测量与监测数据处理新技术研究.上海交通大学,2005.
[16]田胜利,葛修润,涂志军.隧道及地下空间结构变形的数字化近景摄影测量试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,(07).
[17] R. J. Grant, R. N. Taylor. Tunnelling-induced ground movements in clay.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering,2000,143(1):43-55.
[18] R. J. Grant, R. N. Taylor. Centrifuge modelling of ground movements due totunnelling inlayered ground. International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Constructionin Soft Ground, London,1996.
[19] T. Vorster, A. Klar, K. Soga, R. J. Mair. Estimating the effects of tunneling onexisting pipelines. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(11):1399-1410.
[20] R. K. Rowe, K. Y. Lo, G. J. Kack. Amethod of estimating surface settlement abovetunnels constructed in soft ground. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1983,20(1):11-22.
[21] K. M. Lee, R. K. Rowe, K. Y. Lo. Subsidence owing to tunnelling. I. Estimatingthe gap parameter. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,29(6):929-940.
[22] A. Verruijt, J. R. Booker. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in anelastic half plane. Geotechnique,1996,46(4):753-756.
[23] N. Loganathan, H. G. Poulos. Analytical prediction for tunneling-induced groundmovements in clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124(9):846-856.
[24] A. Verruijt. A complex variable solution for a deforming circular tunnel in anelastic half-plane. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL ANDANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS,1997,21(2):77-89.
[25] C. Sagaseta. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss.Geotechnique,1987,37(3):301-320.
[26] C. Gonzalez, C. Sagaseta. Patterns of soil deformations around tunnels.Application to the extension of Madrid Metro. COMPUTERS ANDGEOTECHNICS,2001,28(6-7):445-468.
[27] Y. Hashash, D. Park, J. Yao. Ovaling deformations of circular tunnels underseismic loading, an update on seismic design and analysis of undergroundstructures. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(5):435-441.
[28] K. H. Park. Analytical solution for tunnelling-induced ground movement in clays.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(3):249-261.
[29] H. H. Einstein, C. W. Schwartz. Simplified analysis for tunnel supports. ASCE,Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1979,105(4):499-518.
[30] S. Y. Chi, J. C. Chern, C. C. Lin. Optimized back-analysis for tunneling-inducedground movement using equivalent ground loss model. Tunnelling andUnderground Space Technology,2001,16(3):159-165.
[31] W.-I. Chou, A. Bobet. Predictions of ground deformations in shallow tunnels inclay. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,17(1):3-19.
[32] A. Bobet. Analytical solutions for shallow tunnels in saturated ground. Journal ofEngineering Mechanics,2001,127(12):1258-1266.
[33] J. S. Yang, B. C. Liu, M. C. Wang. Modeling of tunneling-induced ground surfacemovements using stochastic medium theory. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2004,19(2):113-123.
[34] W. T. Li. Prediction of surface settlement due to the displacement of soft zones.DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMATERIALS, VOLS1AND2,2008:413-419.
[35] S. W. Lee, J. W. Jung, S. W. Nam, I. M. Lee. The influence of seepage forces onground reaction curve of circular opening. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2007,22(1):28-38.
[36] S. W. Nam, A. Bobet. Radial deformations induced by groundwater flow on deepcircular tunnels. ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING,2007,40(1):23-39.
[37] A. Bobet. Characteristic Curves for Deep Circular Tunnels in Poroplastic Rock.ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING,2010,43(2):185-200.
[38] Y. J. Shin, B. M. Kim, J. H. Shin, I. M. Lee. The ground reaction curve ofunderwater tunnels considering seepage forces. Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2010,25(4):315-324.
[39] A. Klar, A. M. Marshall, K. Soga, R. J. Mair. Tunneling effects on jointed pipelines.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2008,45(1):131-139.
[40] Ita. Settlements induced by tunneling in Soft Ground. Tunnelling and UndergroundSpace Technology,2007,22(2):119-149.
[41] M. Panet, A. Guenot. Analysis of convergence behind the face of a tunnel.Tunnelling82,Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London,1982.
[42] R. J. Finno, G. W. Clough. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunnelling.Journal of Geotech Engineering,1985,111(2):155-173.
[43] K. M. Lee, R. K. Rowe. An analysis of three-dimensional ground movements:theThunder Baytunnel. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1991,28:25-41.
[44] A. Gens. General report: Prediction, performance and design. Int.Symp.onpre-failure deformation charact of geomaterials, Rotterdam,1995.
[45] T. I. Addenbrooke. Numerical analysis of tunnelling in stiff clay:[Ph.D.thesis].Imperial College,University of London,1996.
[46] K. M. Lee, R. K. Rowe. Deformations caused by surface loading and tunnelling:The role of elastic anisotropy. Geotechnique,1989,39(1):125-140.
[47] T. I. Addenbrooke, D. M. Potts, A. M. Puzrin. The influence of pre-failure soilstiffness on the numerical analysis of tunnel construction. Geotechnique,1997,47(3):693-712.
[48] R. Katzenbach, H. Breth. Nonlinear3D analysis for NATM in Frankfurt Clay.Proc.10mInt.Conf.on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm,1981.
[49] G. R. Dasari, C. G. Rawlings, M. D. Bolton. Numerical modelling of a NATMtunnel construction in London Clay. Proc.Int.Symposium on Geotechnical Aspectsof UndergroundConstruction in Soft Ground, London,1996.
[50] D. K. W. Tang, K. M. Lee, C. W. W. Ng. Stress paths around a3-D numericallysimulated NATM tunnel in stiff clay. Proc.of the International Symposium onGeotechnicalAspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Rotterdam,2000.
[51] P. A. Vermeer, P. G. Bonnier, S. C. Moller. On a smart use of3D-FEM in tunnelling.Proceedings of the8th international symposium on numerical models ingeomechanics, Rotterdam,2002.
[52] P. F. M. Guedes, C. Santos Pereira. The role of the soil K0value in numericalanalysis ofshallow tunnels. Proc.of the International Symposium on GeotechnicalAspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Rotterdam,2000.
[53] G. T. K. Lee, C. W. W. Ng. Three-dimensional analysis of ground settlements dueto tunnelling:Role of K0and stiffness anisotropy. Proc.of the InternationalSymposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Lyon,2002.
[54] O. J. Santos, T. B. Celestino. Artificial neural networks analysis of Sao Paulosubway tunnel settlement data. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(5):481-491.
[55] M. Y. Cheng, H. C. Tsai, C. H. Ko, W. T. Chang. Evolutionary fuzzy neuralinference system for decision making in geotechnical engineering. Journal ofcomputing in civil engineering,2008,22(4):272-280.
[56] J. S. Shi, J. Ortigao, J. L. Bai. Modular neural networks for predicting settlementsduring tunneling. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124(5):389-395.
[57] C. Y. Kim, G. J. Bae, S. W. Hong, C. H. Park, H. K. Moon, H. S. Shin. Neuralnetwork based prediction of ground surface settlements due to tunnelling.COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS,2001,28(6-7):517-547.
[58] H. An, J. Sun, X. Hu. Study on intelligent method of prediction by small samplesfor ground settlement in shield tunnelling. Singapore.2004.
[59] K. M. Neaupane, N. R. Adhikari. Prediction of tunneling-induced groundmovement with the multi-layer perceptron. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2006,21(2):151-159.
[60] S. Suwansawat, H. H. Einstein. Artificial neural networks for predicting themaximum surface settlement caused by EPB shield tunneling. Tunnelling andUnderground Space Technology,2006,21(2):133-150.
[61] J. C. Jan, S. L. Hung, S. Y. Chi, J. C. Chern. Neural network forecast model indeep excavation. Journal of computing in civil engineering,2002,16(1):59-65.
[62] Y. Hashash, C. Marulanda, J. Ghaboussi, S. Jung. Systematic update of a deepexcavation model using field performance data. COMPUTERS ANDGEOTECHNICS,2003,30(6):477-488.
[63] S. S. Leu, H. C. Lo. Neural-network-based regression model of ground surfacesettlement induced by deep excavation. Automation in Construction,2004,13(3):279-289.
[64] C. G. Chua, A. T. C. Goh. Estimating wall deflections in deep excavations usingBayesian neural networks. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(4):400-409.
[65] X.-T. Feng, H. Zhao, S. Li. Modeling non-linear displacement time series ofgeo-materials using evolutionary support vector machines. INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES,2004,41(7):1087-1107.
[66] P. Samui, T. G. Sitharam. Least-square support vector machine applied tosettlement of shallow foundations on cohesionless soils. INTERNATIONALJOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS INGEOMECHANICS,2007,32(17):2033-43.
[67] M. A. Shabin, H. R. Maier, M. B. Jaksa. Data division for developing neuralnetworks applied to geotechnical engineering. Journal of computing in civilengineering,2004,18(2):105-114.
[68] C. Oppenheim, J. Stenson, R. Wilson. Studies on information as an asset I:definitions. Journal of Information Science,2003,29(3):159-166.
[69] T. D. Wilson. Models in information behaviour research. Journal of documentation,1999,55(3):249-270.
[70] G. Bellinger, D. Castro, A. Mills. Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom.2004.
[71] R. L. Ackoff. From data to wisdom. Journal of applied systems analysis,1989,16(1):3-9.
[72] K. M. Wiig. Knowledge management: an emerging discipline rooted in a longhistory. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.2000:3-26.
[73] N. M. Dixon. Common knowledge: How companies thrive by sharing what theyknow. Harvard Business Press.2000.
[74] C. Despres, D. Chauvel. Knowledge horizons. Routledge.2012.
[75] E. J. Quigley, A. Debons. Interrogative theory of information and knowledge.Proceedings of the1999ACM SIGCPR conference on Computer personnelresearch,1999:4-10.
[76] D. Vance. Information, knowledge and wisdom: The epistemic hierarchy andcomputer-based information systems. AMCIS1997Proceedings,1997:124.
[77] H. Bajaria. Knowledge creation and management: inseparable twins. Total QualityManagement,2000,11(4-6):562-573.
[78] J. Maglitta. Smarten up! Computerworld,1995,29(23):84-86.
[79] M. J. Marquardt. Building the learning organization: mastering the5elements forcorporate learning. Davies-Black Publishing.2002.
[80] J. Rowley. The wisdom hierarchy: representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journalof Information Science,2007,33(2):163-180.
[81] C. T. Meadow, W. Yuan. Measuring the impact of information: defining theconcepts. Information Processing&Management,1997,33(6):697-714.
[82] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro, P. Smyth. From data mining to knowledgediscovery in databases. AI magazine,1996,17(3):37.
[83] P. Van Bommel. Transformation of knowledge, information and data: theory andapplications. Information Science Pub.2005.
[84] S. Suwansawat. Shield tunneling database management for ground movementevaluation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(4-5):376-377.
[85] W. H. Inmon. Building the Data Warehouse. New York: Wiley.1992.
[86] K. Corral, D. Schuff, R. Louis. The impact of alternative diagrams on the accuracyof recall: A comparison of star-schema diagrams and entity-relationship diagrams.DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS,2006,42(1):450-468.
[87] K. W. Chau, Y. Cao, M. Anson, J. P. Zhang. Application of data warehouse andDecision Support System in construction management. Automation inConstruction,2003,12(2):213-224.
[88] I. Ahmad, S. Azhar, P. Lukauskis. Development of a decision support system usingdata warehousing to assist builders/developers in site selection. Automation inConstruction,2004,13(4):525-542.
[89] Z. L. Ma, K. D. Wong, L. Heng, Y. Jun. Utilizing exchanged documents inconstruction projects for decision support based on data warehousing technique.Automation in Construction,2005,14(3Sp. Iss. SI):405-412.
[90] T. Rujirayanyong, J. J. Shi. A project-oriented data warehouse for construction.Automation in Construction,2006,15(6):800-807.
[91] S. W. Moon, J. S. Kim, K. N. Kwon. Effectiveness of OLAP-based cost datamanagement in construction cost estimate. Automation in Construction,2007,16(3):336-344.
[92] S.-M. Tseng, C.-C. Chou, T.-W. Ho, C.-Y. Lin, T.-C. Chen. A spatiotemporaldatabase approach to the management of utility work schedules in transportationprojects. Automation in Construction,2011,20(6):729-739.
[93]王梦恕.隧道工程浅埋暗挖法施工要点.隧道建设,2006,26(5):1-4.
[94]姚宣德.浅埋暗挖法城市隧道及地下工程施工风险分析与评估.北京交通大学,2009.
[95] J. L. Rangel, U. Iturraran-Viveros, A. G. Ayala, F. Cervantes. Tunnel stabilityanalysis during construction using a neuro-fuzzy system. INTERNATIONALJOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS INGEOMECHANICS,2005,29(15):1433-1456.
[96] M. Peng, H. W. Huang, Q. F. Hu, X. Huang. Adatabase designed for dynamic riskmanagement in shield tunneling from site monitoring data.2008.
[97] J. H. Lee, Y. S. Kim, G. R. Jin, T. S. Kwon, W. S. Hwang, H. S. Han, S. U. Shin, S.J. Park, I. S. Seo. Deformation analysis by artificial neural networks and FEMdatabase for design and construction of NATM tunnels.2008.
[98] L. Soibelman, H. Kim. Data preparation process for construction knowledgegeneration through knowledge discovery in databases. Journal of computing incivil engineering,2002,16(1):39-48.
[99] L. Ding, L. Ma, H. Luo, M. Yu, X. Wu. Wavelet Analysis for tunneling-inducedground settlement based on a stochastic model. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2011,26(5):619-628.
[100] R. J. A. Little, D. B. Rubin. Statistical analysis with missing data,2nd Ed.Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.2002.
[101] D. B. Rubin. Inference and missing data. Biometrika,1976,63(3):581-592.
[102] R. J. A. Little. A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data withmissing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association,1988:1198-1202.
[103]梅国雄,宰金珉,殷宗泽,赵维炳.沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型的证明及其应用——从土体本构关系.岩土力学,2005,(S1).
[104] M. R. Hurrell. EMPIRICAL PREDICTION OF LONG-TERM SURFACESETTLEMENTS ABOVE SHIELD-DRIVEN TUNNELS IN SOIL. GroundMovements and Structures, Proceedings of the3rd International Conference.,London, Engl,1985:161-170.
[105]韩煊.隧道施工引起地层位移及建筑物变形预测的实用方法研究.西安理工大学,2007.
[106] J. C. Lagarias, J. A. Reeds, M. H. Wright, P. E. Wright. Convergence properties ofthe Nelder-Mead simplex method in low dimensions. SIAM JOURNAL ONOPTIMIZATION,1998,9(1):112-147.
[107] A. N. Baraldi, C. K. Enders. An introduction to modern missing data analyses.JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY,2010,48(1):5-37.
[108] G. E. P. Box, M. E. Muller. A note on the generation of random normal deviates.The Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1958,29(2):610-611.
[109] A. Grossmann, J. Morlet. Decomposition of Hardy functions into square integrablewavelets of constant shape. SIAM journal on mathematical analysis,1984,15(4):723-736.
[110] I. Daubechies. Ten Lectures on Wavelets. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial andApplied Mathematics.1992.
[111] S. G. Mallat. A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the waveletrepresentation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1989,11(7):674-693.
[112] S. Mallat. Multiresolution approximations and wavelet orthonormal bases of L2(R). Trans. Amer. Math. Soc,1989,315(1).
[113] D. B. Percival, A. T. Walden. Wavelet Methods for Time Series Analysis.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.2000.
[114] D. A. Dickey, W. A. Fuller. Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive TimeSeries with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association,1979,74:427–431.
[115] S. Gideon. Estimating the Dimension of a Model. The Annals of Statistics,1978,6(2):461-464.
[116] G. W. Schwert. Tests for unit roots: A Monte Carlo investigation. JOURNAL OFBUSINESS&ECONOMIC STATISTICS,1989,20(7):147–160.
[117] J. S. Bai, S. Ng. Tests for skewness, kurtosis, and normality for time series data.JOURNAL OF BUSINESS&ECONOMIC STATISTICS,2005,23(1):49-60.
[118] A. K. Bera, C. M. Jarque. Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serialindependence of regression residuals: Monte Carlo Evidence. Economics Letters,1981,7(4):313-318.
[119] C. M. Jarque, A. K. Bera. Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serialindependence of regression residuals. Economics Letters,1980,6(3):255-259.
[120] C. M. Jarque, A. K. Bera. A Test for Normality of Observations and RegressionResiduals. International Statistical Review/Revue Internationale de Statistique,1987,55(2):163-172.
[121] F. Martos. Concerning an approximate equation of the subsidence trough and itstime factors. International Strata Control Congress, Leipzig,1958.
[122] R. B. Peck. Deep excavations and tunnelling in soft ground. Proc.7th InternationalConference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City,1969:225-290.
[123] T. B. Celestino, R. Gomes, A. A. Bortolucci. Errors in ground distortions due tosettlement trough adjustment. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(1):97-100.
[124] B. Schmidt. Settlements and ground movements associated with tunnelling in soils:
[PhD Thesis]. University of Illinois,Urbana,1969.
[125] P. B. Attewell, N. H. Glossop, I. W. Farmer. Ground deformations caused bytunnelling in soil. Ground Engineering,1978,15(8):32-41.
[126] W. J. Rankin. Ground movements resulting from urban tunnelling: predictions andeffects. Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications,1988,5(1):79-92.
[127] P. B. Attewell, J. P. Woodman. Predicting the dynamics of ground settlement andits derivatives caused by tunneling in soil. Ground Engineering,1982,15(8):13-22,36.
[128] G. W. Clough, B. Schmidt. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels insoft clay. Elsevier.1981.
[129] T. Sugiyama, T. Hagiwara, T. Nomoto, M. Nomoto, Y. Ano, R. Mair, M. Bolton, K.Soga. Observations of ground movements during tunnel construction by slurryshield method at the Docklands Light Railway Lewisham Extension-East London.Soils and Foundations,1999,39(3):99-112.
[130] M. P. O'reilly, B. M. New. Settlements above tunnels in the United Kingdom, theirmagnitude and prediction. Proc. Tunnelling '82, Brighton,1982:173-181.
[131] P. B. Attewell, J. Yeates, A. R. Selby. Soil movements induced by Tunneling andtheir Effects on Pipelines and Structures. New York: Chapman and Hall.1986.
[132] R. J. Mair, R. N. Taylor, A. Bracegirdle. Subsurface settlement profiles abovetunnels in clays. Geotechnique,1993,43(2):315-320.
[133] B. M. New, M. P. O'reilly. Tunnelling induced ground movements; predicting theirmagnitude and effects. Proceedings of the International Conference on GroundMovements and Structures, Jul8-111991, Cardiff, Wales,1991:671-671.
[134] B. B. Broms, H. Bennermark. Stability of clay at vertical openings. Journal of SoilMechanics and Foundation Engineering Division,1967,93(1):71-94.
[135] N. Glossop. Ground movements caused by tunnelling in soft soils. Ph. D. Thesis,University of Durham,1978.
[136] J. B. Burland, J. R. Standing, F. M. Jardine. Assessing the risk of building damagedue to tunnelling-Lessons from the Jubilee Line Extension, London.GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MEETING SOCIETY'S NEEDS, VOLS1AND2, PROCEEDINGS,2001:17-44.
[137] R. J. Mair, R. N. Taylor. Bored tunnelling in the urban environment. The14thInternational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Hamburg, Germany,1997.
[138] R. J. Mair. General report on settlement effects of bored tunnels. InternationalConference of Geotechnical Aspects on Underground Construction in Soft Ground,London, UK,1996.
[139] W. Yoshikoshi, O. Watanabe, N. Takagi. Prediction of Ground SettlementsAssociated with Shield Tunnelling. Soils and Foundations,1978,18(4):47-59.
[140] Y. Fang, S. Lin, J. Lin. Time and settlement in EPB shield tunnelling. Tunnels andTunnelling,1993,25(11):27-8.
[141] F. H. Chehade, I. Shahrour. Numerical analysis of the interaction betweentwin-tunnels: Influence of the relative position and construction procedure.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(2):210-214.
[142] X. L. Yang, J. M. Wang. Ground movement prediction for tunnels using simplifiedprocedure. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26(3):462-471.
[143] C. Yoo, S. B. Kim. Three-dimensional numerical investigation of multifacedtunneling in water-bearing soft ground. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2008,45(10):1467-1486.
[144] S. G. Ercelebi, H. Copur, I. Ocak. Surface settlement predictions for Istanbul Metrotunnels excavated by EPB-TBM. ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES,2011,62(2):357-365.
[145] Y. Mahmutoglu. Surface subsidence induced by twin subway tunnelling in softground conditions in Istanbul. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and theEnvironment,2011,70(1):115-131.
[146] S. Suwansawat, H. H. Einstein. Describing settlement troughs over twin tunnelsusing a superposition technique. Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,2007,133(4):445-468.
[147] D. W. Marquardt. An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinearparameters. Journal of the society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,1963,11(2):431-441.
[148] K. Levenberg. Amethod for the solution of certain problems in least squares. Quart.Applied Math.,1944,2:164-168.
[149] E. J. Cording, W. H. Hansmire. Displacement around soft ground tunnels. GeneralReport: Session IV, Tunnels in soil, Proceedings of5th Pan American Conferenceon Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1975.
[150]姚宣德,王梦恕.地铁浅埋暗挖法施工引起的地表沉降控制标准的统计分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2030-2035.
[151]王梦恕,张成平.城市地下工程建设的事故分析及控制对策.建筑科学与工程学报,2008,25(2).
[152]孙坚,宋宏伟,王天春.隧道下穿对道路结构应力及沉降变形的影响研究.水利与建筑工程学报,2011,9(5):18-23.
[153]张起森.高等路面结构设计理论与方法.人民交通出版社.2005.
[154] Z. Peng, T. Zhong-Sheng. The Study of the Pavement Settlement Standard Inducedby Shallow Buried Tunnel.11th Acuus International Conference-UndergroundSpace: Expanding the Frontiers,2007:441-445.
[155]铁道部.铁路线路维修规则.北京:中国铁道出版社.2001.
[156]王新线.既有铁路站场下暗挖隧道地面沉降标准研究.铁道标准设计,2006,4:54-56.
[157]广州地区建筑基坑支护技术规定.1998.
[158]黄龙湘.隧道施工引起邻近建筑物损坏风险评估与控制:[硕士].中南大学,2011.
[159]范文兴,黄捷胜,蒲开勇.城市浅埋暗挖地铁隧道沉降控制与分析.铁道标准设计,2007,(S2):60-63.
[160]陈龙.城市软土盾构隧道施工期风险分析与评估研究:[博士].同济大学,2004.
[161] J. B. Burland. Behavior of foundations and structures on soft ground. Proc.9thICSMFE,1977:495-546.
[162] J. Burland. Assessment of risk of damage to buildings due to tunnelling andexcavation. Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine.1995.
[163] M. D. Boscardin, E. J. Cording. Building response to excavation-inducedsettlement. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,115(1):1-21.
[164] R. W. Day. Differential movement of slab-on-grade structures. Journal ofPerformance of Constructed Facilities,1990,4(4):236-241.
[165] V. Guglielmetti, A. Mahtab, S. Xu, P. Grasso. Mechanized tunnelling in urbanareas. Taylor&Francis.2007.
[166] W. Frischmann, J. Hellings, G. Gittoes, C. Snowden. Protection of the MansionHouse against damage caused by ground movements due to the Docklands LightRailway Extension. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: GeotechnicalEngineering,1994.
[167] A. J. Duncan. Quality control and industrial statistics.1974.