基于微纳结构阵列的全色彩颜色调控新方法研究
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摘要
颜色是宇宙万物存在的基本特征之一,为了得到不同的颜色,人们提出了各种颜色获取及调控方法。但是,随着科技的发展和人类社会的进步,传统的颜色调控方法已经难以满足相关需求。为此,本文在介绍微纳米技术及微纳米材料的发展历史,综述传统的基于微纳结构阵列的颜色调控研究发展现状,分析这些技术的特点及尚存在的局限性的基础上,提出和发展了一种基于微纳结构阵列的颜色调控新方法,可实现覆盖可见光全光谱的颜色序列和复杂彩色图案的颜色调控。该方法具有原理新颖、方法巧妙、色彩亮丽、可覆盖可见光全光谱等特点,不仅具有重要的科学意义,而且可在物理学、微光学及光子学、仿生学、材料学、MOEMS及微纳米技术等领域获得广泛应用。
本文首先介绍了基于纳米仿生学的颜色调控方法,阐述了激光投影式光刻、激光直写、纳米压印及电化学自组装等用于微纳结构制备的加工技术,并对基于这些加工技术的颜色调控方法进行了探讨和分析,确定了一种基于多孔氧化铝(PA)模板和纳米层的静态颜色调控新方法。
针对布拉格反射模型和微纳结构等效折射率计算模型进行了深入的研究,揭示了纳米层/PA微纳结构的颜色呈现(呈色)机制及相关的颜色调控因子；建立了几种不同的呈色数理模型,利用多物理场仿真分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics,分别从不同材料的金属纳米层,不同厚度的金属纳米层,不同孔深及不同孔隙率的PA模板等方面,对呈色模型展开了仿真；通过对仿真结果的详细分析和可行性实验,设计了一系列基于PA和纳米层的静态颜色调控方案。
在理论研究和仿真的基础上,开展了基于PA模板和纳米层的静态颜色调控实验。通过在PA模板表面沉积或溅射不同的金属纳米层、控制PA模板的孔深或孔隙率等多种技术手段,分别实现了单色和多色的颜色呈现；首次实现了基于Cr纳米层/PA和Ag纳米层/PA、覆盖可见光全光谱(全色彩)的颜色序列调控,并根据Cr纳米层/PA的颜色序列,进一步得出了由预期颜色到PA参数的经验公式,提出了满足实际应用的颜色调控流程和方法；在此基础上,首次提出和发展了用于制备复杂彩色图案的“局域制备法”和“局域溅射法”,分别成功制备出“世界地图”、“蝴蝶翅膀”等复杂彩色图案。
在静态颜色调控的基础上,提出了一种基于压电材料和微纳结构阵列的动态颜色调控方法,并进一步对动态颜色调控方法开展了预研。通过对压电材料的选择和对微纳结构周期的优选及仿真,设计了一种动态颜色调控器件,并对该器件的制备工艺展开了详细的实验研究。针对该器件搭建了由CCD成像检测单元和压电控制模块组成的调控控制系统,设计并开发了应用软件,实现了从图像采集到处理、由参数计算到颜色调控的一整套系统功能。
最后对本课题的研究成果进行总结：提出和发展了一种基于PA的颜色调控新方法,并开展了系统的理论研究,建立了完备的数理模型；开展了基于PA的静态颜色调控技术研究,首次实现了覆盖可见光全光谱的颜色序列及“世界地图”、“蝴蝶翅膀”等复杂彩色图案的颜色调控；研究总结出颜色调控的经验指导公式,据此可在实际应用中指导PA模板的制备并实现有效的颜色调控；提出了基于微纳结构和压电材料的动态颜色调控方法,开展了相应的制备工艺及实验研究。此外指出了课题研究中有待改进之处,并对今后的研究工作提出了展望。
Color is a basic property of objects in the world, to chase different colors with high quality, various color tuning methods were put forward. However, these traditional methods cannot satisfy the growing need as the developing of human society. Under this circumstance, we introduce the development history of Micro/Nano technology and Micro/Nano material, overview of the traditional color tuning methods and analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, then propose a color tuning method based on the Micro/Nano structure array, which is capable of modulating the colors series covering the whole visible range and fabricating the colorful patterns. This method has advantages of novel principle, simple process, sufficing to fabricate the brilliant colors covering the whole visible range, which has an extraordinary scientific meaning with expecting to have a potential of being widely applied in the fields of micro-optics, microstructures, advanced materials and micro/nanotechnology.
In this paper, some color tuning methods based on the Nano-Bionics are introduced first, some other ways for color tuning are also discussed in the aspects of fabricating technique, principle, advantages and disadvantages. On the base of that, a novel static color tuning method by depositing a nanolayer on porous alumina (PA) templates is put forward.
Through the study of the Bragg-Reflection model and the Effective-Refractive-Index model, the color-generation principle of PA-nanolayer structure as well as several factors affecting color tuning is promulgated. With the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics, several reasonable physical models of PA-nanolayer structure are set up and the color presenting situations of different nanolayer materials, thicknesses of Cr nanolayer, hole depths and porosities of PA are simulated. According to the result of modeling and feasibility experiment, we design a series of color tuning schemes based on the PA templates and nanolayer.
The color tuning schemes formerly designed are carried out in the corresponding experiments. By depositing or sputtering different metal materials nanolayer on the PA surface and controlling the pore depth and porosity of PA, various colors are obtained. On one hand, two series of colors covering the whole visible range are first fabricated by respectively sputtering Cr and Ag nanolayers on two groups of PA templates with pore-depths ranging from230to490nm. and by analyzing and summarizing the color series data, a color modulation method which is suitable for application is further derived; on the other hand, two kinds of preparation methods of colorful pattern are developed for the first time, some exciting colorful pattern such as "World Map" or "Butterfly Wings", are successfully prepared respectively using "local pore depth fabrication method" and "local sputtering method".
On the basis of static color tuning research, a method used to tune color dynamically is proposed by integrating the piezoelectric material and the microstructure array. Take into account the study of piezoelectric material and the optimization of the array's period, a device is designed to display different surface colors in real time by tuning the voltage between the up and bottom electrodes of PZT. As the most important part of this work, the fabrication process of the device is focused during experiments, attempting to realize the function of designed device. For detecting and tuning the surface color of the device, a system consisted of CCD imaging-detecting unit and piezoelectric property controlling module is set up, with its software designed and completed as well.
The achievements of the whole research work are concluded in the end:studying the static color tuning method based on the PA templates in both theoretical and experimental ways, carrying out a series of colors covering the whole visible light range and some colorful patterns, developing a dynamically color tuning method by integrating the piezoelectric material and the microstructure array, designing a device for dynamical color tuning, exploring the detail process for the device fabrication in the experiment. Besides, we point out some inadequacy of our work, and give some advices on the future research.
本文首先介绍了基于纳米仿生学的颜色调控方法,阐述了激光投影式光刻、激光直写、纳米压印及电化学自组装等用于微纳结构制备的加工技术,并对基于这些加工技术的颜色调控方法进行了探讨和分析,确定了一种基于多孔氧化铝(PA)模板和纳米层的静态颜色调控新方法。
针对布拉格反射模型和微纳结构等效折射率计算模型进行了深入的研究,揭示了纳米层/PA微纳结构的颜色呈现(呈色)机制及相关的颜色调控因子；建立了几种不同的呈色数理模型,利用多物理场仿真分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics,分别从不同材料的金属纳米层,不同厚度的金属纳米层,不同孔深及不同孔隙率的PA模板等方面,对呈色模型展开了仿真；通过对仿真结果的详细分析和可行性实验,设计了一系列基于PA和纳米层的静态颜色调控方案。
在理论研究和仿真的基础上,开展了基于PA模板和纳米层的静态颜色调控实验。通过在PA模板表面沉积或溅射不同的金属纳米层、控制PA模板的孔深或孔隙率等多种技术手段,分别实现了单色和多色的颜色呈现；首次实现了基于Cr纳米层/PA和Ag纳米层/PA、覆盖可见光全光谱(全色彩)的颜色序列调控,并根据Cr纳米层/PA的颜色序列,进一步得出了由预期颜色到PA参数的经验公式,提出了满足实际应用的颜色调控流程和方法；在此基础上,首次提出和发展了用于制备复杂彩色图案的“局域制备法”和“局域溅射法”,分别成功制备出“世界地图”、“蝴蝶翅膀”等复杂彩色图案。
在静态颜色调控的基础上,提出了一种基于压电材料和微纳结构阵列的动态颜色调控方法,并进一步对动态颜色调控方法开展了预研。通过对压电材料的选择和对微纳结构周期的优选及仿真,设计了一种动态颜色调控器件,并对该器件的制备工艺展开了详细的实验研究。针对该器件搭建了由CCD成像检测单元和压电控制模块组成的调控控制系统,设计并开发了应用软件,实现了从图像采集到处理、由参数计算到颜色调控的一整套系统功能。
最后对本课题的研究成果进行总结：提出和发展了一种基于PA的颜色调控新方法,并开展了系统的理论研究,建立了完备的数理模型；开展了基于PA的静态颜色调控技术研究,首次实现了覆盖可见光全光谱的颜色序列及“世界地图”、“蝴蝶翅膀”等复杂彩色图案的颜色调控；研究总结出颜色调控的经验指导公式,据此可在实际应用中指导PA模板的制备并实现有效的颜色调控；提出了基于微纳结构和压电材料的动态颜色调控方法,开展了相应的制备工艺及实验研究。此外指出了课题研究中有待改进之处,并对今后的研究工作提出了展望。
Color is a basic property of objects in the world, to chase different colors with high quality, various color tuning methods were put forward. However, these traditional methods cannot satisfy the growing need as the developing of human society. Under this circumstance, we introduce the development history of Micro/Nano technology and Micro/Nano material, overview of the traditional color tuning methods and analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, then propose a color tuning method based on the Micro/Nano structure array, which is capable of modulating the colors series covering the whole visible range and fabricating the colorful patterns. This method has advantages of novel principle, simple process, sufficing to fabricate the brilliant colors covering the whole visible range, which has an extraordinary scientific meaning with expecting to have a potential of being widely applied in the fields of micro-optics, microstructures, advanced materials and micro/nanotechnology.
In this paper, some color tuning methods based on the Nano-Bionics are introduced first, some other ways for color tuning are also discussed in the aspects of fabricating technique, principle, advantages and disadvantages. On the base of that, a novel static color tuning method by depositing a nanolayer on porous alumina (PA) templates is put forward.
Through the study of the Bragg-Reflection model and the Effective-Refractive-Index model, the color-generation principle of PA-nanolayer structure as well as several factors affecting color tuning is promulgated. With the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics, several reasonable physical models of PA-nanolayer structure are set up and the color presenting situations of different nanolayer materials, thicknesses of Cr nanolayer, hole depths and porosities of PA are simulated. According to the result of modeling and feasibility experiment, we design a series of color tuning schemes based on the PA templates and nanolayer.
The color tuning schemes formerly designed are carried out in the corresponding experiments. By depositing or sputtering different metal materials nanolayer on the PA surface and controlling the pore depth and porosity of PA, various colors are obtained. On one hand, two series of colors covering the whole visible range are first fabricated by respectively sputtering Cr and Ag nanolayers on two groups of PA templates with pore-depths ranging from230to490nm. and by analyzing and summarizing the color series data, a color modulation method which is suitable for application is further derived; on the other hand, two kinds of preparation methods of colorful pattern are developed for the first time, some exciting colorful pattern such as "World Map" or "Butterfly Wings", are successfully prepared respectively using "local pore depth fabrication method" and "local sputtering method".
On the basis of static color tuning research, a method used to tune color dynamically is proposed by integrating the piezoelectric material and the microstructure array. Take into account the study of piezoelectric material and the optimization of the array's period, a device is designed to display different surface colors in real time by tuning the voltage between the up and bottom electrodes of PZT. As the most important part of this work, the fabrication process of the device is focused during experiments, attempting to realize the function of designed device. For detecting and tuning the surface color of the device, a system consisted of CCD imaging-detecting unit and piezoelectric property controlling module is set up, with its software designed and completed as well.
The achievements of the whole research work are concluded in the end:studying the static color tuning method based on the PA templates in both theoretical and experimental ways, carrying out a series of colors covering the whole visible light range and some colorful patterns, developing a dynamically color tuning method by integrating the piezoelectric material and the microstructure array, designing a device for dynamical color tuning, exploring the detail process for the device fabrication in the experiment. Besides, we point out some inadequacy of our work, and give some advices on the future research.
引文
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