中高速传感器网络服务质量保障关键技术研究
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摘要
中高速传感器网络(MHWSN, Medium and High Rate WSN)是一种提供一定服务质量保障、网络节点异构、多种混合业务并存的新兴传感器网络。与传统传感器网络相比,中高速传感器网络中节点的数据处理能力更强,数据传输速率更高,可以实现视频监控、多元化信息采集与处理、复杂任务调度等应用。区别于传统传感器网络的节能设计目标,中高速传感器网络兼顾节能的同时,还要向用户提供-定服务质量保障的服务。由于中高速传感器网络中存在多速率、多种类的混合业务,不同业务有不同的QoS需求,造成了节能与提高服务质量标准的矛盾问题、公平性与服务优先级的矛盾问题、多QoS约束要求的取舍等问题。因此需要在协议栈的各层开展服务质量保障的理论与技术研究。
本文从网络协议栈的不同层次对服务质量保障技术进行了探索,重点研究了提供QoS支撑的时间同步与数据融合算法,QoS敏感的路由协议与传输层协议。具体研究内容包括：
(1)时间同步算法研究,时间同步算法是提供QoS的重要支撑技术之一,本文分析了异构节点的频率漂移估计与同步过程,研究了单个广播域和多个广播域的同步算法。
(2)QoS路由协议研究,根据QoS指标对网络服务进行区分,研究了多QoS约束下的高效节能路由协议。
(3)数据融合算法研究,分析了区分服务的移动代理数据融合过程,研究了以提高QoS为目标的移动代理路径规划算法。
(4)可靠的传输层协议研究,分析了传输层的可靠传输要求,研究了传输层的拥塞控制算法。
本论文取得的研究成果如下：
(1)针对邻居节点在中高速传感器网络异构环境中同步误差增大的问题,提出了一种按需二次RBS(参考节点广播同步,Reference Broadcast Synchronization)同步算法。该算法采用RBS策略,首先为同步过程单独建立同步路由表,从而建立了分簇结构下的同步广播域,然后根据同步精度需要对节点对进行二次RBS同步,使广播域内部分兴趣节点保持精确同步。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了事件区域节点间的同步精度。
(2)针对中高速传感器网络多业务共存与多QoS约束条件下,寻找最优QoS路径的旅行商问题,提出了一种区分服务和优先级保证的QoS路由协议。利用蚁群优化算法进行QoS路径探索,设计了区分服务的人工蚂蚁为各类服务寻找QoS路由,设计了反向抑制机制提供优先级保障。仿真结果表明,该算法对QoS敏感,能够在保证高优先级服务的同时,满足不同服务的QOS要求。
(3)针对移动代理数据融合的最优迁移路径问题,提出了一种基于信息效益测度与能量代价混合的梯度计算方法。该方法利用最小梯度来选择移动代理迁移的下一跳节点,梯度的计算综合考虑了了对下一跳候选节点的信息效益测度估计和能量代价计算。仿真结果表明,该算法能够降低能耗并提高移动代理的融合效率。
(4)为了向高优先级服务提供高可靠性保障和避免拥塞,提出了一种优先级区分和可靠性保证的传输层协议。该协议通过综合考虑数据包的端到端延时、存储区状况和队列延时来检测拥塞,采用基于优先级的存储转发和分组丢弃策略,来保证高优先级数据的端到端可靠性。仿真结果表明,该协议保证了数据传输的可靠性并提高了网络吞吐量。
The MHWSN (Medium and High rate Wireless Sensor Network) is a novel WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), with the characteristics of QoS (Quality of Service) guarantee, heterogeneous sensor nodes, and coexistence of a variety of mixed services. Comparing with the traditional WSN, MHWSN has better data processing capability and higher data transmitting rate. It can be applied in some scenarios like video surveillance, diversified information collecting and processing, or complex tasks scheduling. Different from the energy-saving purpose of traditional WSN, MHWSN focuses not only on energy-saving, but also on providing a certain degree of QoS gurantee to the users. There exist multi-rate, multi-species hybrid services in MHWSN. They have different QoS requirements, which caused some problems like the contradiction of energy saving and the improvement of QoS standard, the contradiction of fairness and priority of services, and trade-offs within multiple QoS constraints. So, it is necessary to do the theoretical and technical research on QoS issues from every level of the protocol stack.
This dissertation explores the QoS technologies from different levels of the protocol stack. And focuses on the following researches:the QoS supported time synchronization and data fusion algorithm, the QoS-sensitive routing protocol and transport layer protocol.
The specific studies include:
(1) Research on synchronization algorithm. Time synchronization is one of the important QoS supported technologies. The estimation of frequency drift among heterogeneous nodes and synchronization process are analyzed in this dissertation. The time synchronization algorithms within single broadcast field and multiple broadcast fields are studied.
(2) Research on QoS guaranteed routing protocol. The types of network services are classified by some specific QoS indexes. The efficient and energy-saving routing protocol is studied under multiple QoS constraints.
(3) Research on data fusion algorithm. The process of MA (Mobile Agent) based data fusion with differentiated services is analyzed. And the QoS sensitive path planning method of MA is studied.
(4) Research on reliable transport layer protocol. The requirement of reliable data transmission on transport layer is analyzed. The congestion control method of transport layer is studied.
Research results obtained in this dissertation are as follows:
(1) To address the issue of amplified synchronization error between the neighboring nodes in the heterogeneous environment of MHWSN, an on-demand secondary RBS (Reference Broadcast Synchronization) method is proposed. By utilizing the RBS strategy, firstly, a synchronization routing table is built, and then the simulcast field with clustering structure is built. Lastly, according to the need of synchronization accuracy, the second RBS synchronization is used between interest nodes. Simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm improves the synchronization accuracy among nodes within the event area.
(2) To address the TSP problem of seeking the optimal QoS routing, under the coexistence of multi-services and multi-QoS constraints in MHWSN, a priority-based QoS routing protocol with differentiated services is proposed. The ant-colony optimization algorithm is utilized to explore QoS routing. Artificial ants are designed for different types of services to find the QoS routing. A reverse inhibition mechanism is proposed to support services with higher priority. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm is QoS sensitive, and can meet different QoS requirements of different services, and ensure the QoS requirements of higher-priority services.
(3) To address the issue of optimal path planning of mobile agents, a hybrid gradient calculation method mixed with the information effectiveness measurement and energy cost is proposed. This method utilizes the minimum gradient to choose the next node during the migrating of MA. The calculation of gradient combines the information effectiveness measurement with energy cost. Simulation results show that, it can improve the efficiency of data fusion and lower the energy cost.
(4) To provide high reliability for services with higher priority and to avoid congestion, a priority-based and reliability-guaranteed MHWSN transport layer protocol is proposed. It can utilize the information of E-2-E delay, status of buffers, and delay of queues to detect the congestion. Aiming at the coexistence of various hybrid services in MHWSN, priority-based policies of store-and-forward and packets-discarding are employed to guarantee the end-to-end reliability. Simulation results show that the priority-based rate control algorithm can guarantee the reliability of data transmission and improved the network's throughput.
本文从网络协议栈的不同层次对服务质量保障技术进行了探索,重点研究了提供QoS支撑的时间同步与数据融合算法,QoS敏感的路由协议与传输层协议。具体研究内容包括：
(1)时间同步算法研究,时间同步算法是提供QoS的重要支撑技术之一,本文分析了异构节点的频率漂移估计与同步过程,研究了单个广播域和多个广播域的同步算法。
(2)QoS路由协议研究,根据QoS指标对网络服务进行区分,研究了多QoS约束下的高效节能路由协议。
(3)数据融合算法研究,分析了区分服务的移动代理数据融合过程,研究了以提高QoS为目标的移动代理路径规划算法。
(4)可靠的传输层协议研究,分析了传输层的可靠传输要求,研究了传输层的拥塞控制算法。
本论文取得的研究成果如下：
(1)针对邻居节点在中高速传感器网络异构环境中同步误差增大的问题,提出了一种按需二次RBS(参考节点广播同步,Reference Broadcast Synchronization)同步算法。该算法采用RBS策略,首先为同步过程单独建立同步路由表,从而建立了分簇结构下的同步广播域,然后根据同步精度需要对节点对进行二次RBS同步,使广播域内部分兴趣节点保持精确同步。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了事件区域节点间的同步精度。
(2)针对中高速传感器网络多业务共存与多QoS约束条件下,寻找最优QoS路径的旅行商问题,提出了一种区分服务和优先级保证的QoS路由协议。利用蚁群优化算法进行QoS路径探索,设计了区分服务的人工蚂蚁为各类服务寻找QoS路由,设计了反向抑制机制提供优先级保障。仿真结果表明,该算法对QoS敏感,能够在保证高优先级服务的同时,满足不同服务的QOS要求。
(3)针对移动代理数据融合的最优迁移路径问题,提出了一种基于信息效益测度与能量代价混合的梯度计算方法。该方法利用最小梯度来选择移动代理迁移的下一跳节点,梯度的计算综合考虑了了对下一跳候选节点的信息效益测度估计和能量代价计算。仿真结果表明,该算法能够降低能耗并提高移动代理的融合效率。
(4)为了向高优先级服务提供高可靠性保障和避免拥塞,提出了一种优先级区分和可靠性保证的传输层协议。该协议通过综合考虑数据包的端到端延时、存储区状况和队列延时来检测拥塞,采用基于优先级的存储转发和分组丢弃策略,来保证高优先级数据的端到端可靠性。仿真结果表明,该协议保证了数据传输的可靠性并提高了网络吞吐量。
The MHWSN (Medium and High rate Wireless Sensor Network) is a novel WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), with the characteristics of QoS (Quality of Service) guarantee, heterogeneous sensor nodes, and coexistence of a variety of mixed services. Comparing with the traditional WSN, MHWSN has better data processing capability and higher data transmitting rate. It can be applied in some scenarios like video surveillance, diversified information collecting and processing, or complex tasks scheduling. Different from the energy-saving purpose of traditional WSN, MHWSN focuses not only on energy-saving, but also on providing a certain degree of QoS gurantee to the users. There exist multi-rate, multi-species hybrid services in MHWSN. They have different QoS requirements, which caused some problems like the contradiction of energy saving and the improvement of QoS standard, the contradiction of fairness and priority of services, and trade-offs within multiple QoS constraints. So, it is necessary to do the theoretical and technical research on QoS issues from every level of the protocol stack.
This dissertation explores the QoS technologies from different levels of the protocol stack. And focuses on the following researches:the QoS supported time synchronization and data fusion algorithm, the QoS-sensitive routing protocol and transport layer protocol.
The specific studies include:
(1) Research on synchronization algorithm. Time synchronization is one of the important QoS supported technologies. The estimation of frequency drift among heterogeneous nodes and synchronization process are analyzed in this dissertation. The time synchronization algorithms within single broadcast field and multiple broadcast fields are studied.
(2) Research on QoS guaranteed routing protocol. The types of network services are classified by some specific QoS indexes. The efficient and energy-saving routing protocol is studied under multiple QoS constraints.
(3) Research on data fusion algorithm. The process of MA (Mobile Agent) based data fusion with differentiated services is analyzed. And the QoS sensitive path planning method of MA is studied.
(4) Research on reliable transport layer protocol. The requirement of reliable data transmission on transport layer is analyzed. The congestion control method of transport layer is studied.
Research results obtained in this dissertation are as follows:
(1) To address the issue of amplified synchronization error between the neighboring nodes in the heterogeneous environment of MHWSN, an on-demand secondary RBS (Reference Broadcast Synchronization) method is proposed. By utilizing the RBS strategy, firstly, a synchronization routing table is built, and then the simulcast field with clustering structure is built. Lastly, according to the need of synchronization accuracy, the second RBS synchronization is used between interest nodes. Simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm improves the synchronization accuracy among nodes within the event area.
(2) To address the TSP problem of seeking the optimal QoS routing, under the coexistence of multi-services and multi-QoS constraints in MHWSN, a priority-based QoS routing protocol with differentiated services is proposed. The ant-colony optimization algorithm is utilized to explore QoS routing. Artificial ants are designed for different types of services to find the QoS routing. A reverse inhibition mechanism is proposed to support services with higher priority. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm is QoS sensitive, and can meet different QoS requirements of different services, and ensure the QoS requirements of higher-priority services.
(3) To address the issue of optimal path planning of mobile agents, a hybrid gradient calculation method mixed with the information effectiveness measurement and energy cost is proposed. This method utilizes the minimum gradient to choose the next node during the migrating of MA. The calculation of gradient combines the information effectiveness measurement with energy cost. Simulation results show that, it can improve the efficiency of data fusion and lower the energy cost.
(4) To provide high reliability for services with higher priority and to avoid congestion, a priority-based and reliability-guaranteed MHWSN transport layer protocol is proposed. It can utilize the information of E-2-E delay, status of buffers, and delay of queues to detect the congestion. Aiming at the coexistence of various hybrid services in MHWSN, priority-based policies of store-and-forward and packets-discarding are employed to guarantee the end-to-end reliability. Simulation results show that the priority-based rate control algorithm can guarantee the reliability of data transmission and improved the network's throughput.
引文
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