基于IEEE802.16d标准的多天线技术研究
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摘要
随着无线通信的飞速发展,无线带宽资源越来越匮乏。在不增加带宽的情况下,高效率地利用无线频带资源成为无线通信研究的热点。正交频分复用(OFDM)技术和多天线构成的多输入多输出(MIMO)技术具有提高频带利用率,抵抗频率选择性衰落的特点,成为目前和未来宽带无线通信中的关键技术。在宽带无线通信中,将多天线技术应用到OFDM通信系统中,不仅能够提高频带利用率,还能提高通信系统的通信质量。
本文对OFDM通信系统中使用多天线技术进行了较深入地研究。为了验证设计方案的性能,对IEEE 802.16d信道标准提出的多径信道模型进行了分析与仿真建模,并应用于研究中。本文的主要工作如下:
(1)在MIMO-OFDM通信系统中,研究了联合使用空间分集和极化分集的通信系统的容量,并利用MATLAB仿真工具对设计方案的容量进行了仿真与分析。
(2)针对MIMO-OFDM通信系统,提出了一种在发射端使用天线选择算法、接收端使用波束赋形技术的通信系统。与传统的MIMO-OFDM通信比较,本设计方案通信性能得到了很大的改善。
(3)针对MIMO-OFDM通信系统,设计了一种从多个定向波束中选择最优两个波束发射信号的方案,并对相应的系统进行了研究与仿真分析。
(4)基于LabVIEW工作平台,对多天线OFDM通信系统的发射模块,接收模块也进行了设计与仿真分析。
With the rapid development of wireless communications, the available bandwidth for wireless applications becomes more and more insufficient. Therefore, how to improve data rate without expending bandwidth becomes a key point in modern communication system design. Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and multiple antennas technique, which can be used to increase spectral efficiency and effectively combat with multi-path fading, is widely investigated around the world. As a result, OFDM system combined with multiple antennas technique is a promising approach for enhancing spectral efficiency and improving communication quality.
In the thesis, three different system structures of MIMO-OFDM communication system are proposed. The performance of them are investigated .The research is based on the IEEE 802.16d indoor channel model standard. The core detail of the work is as follows.
(1) Capacity of an MIMO-OFDM system utilizing both space diversity and polarization diversity is explored. For comparison, the capacity of a system only with space diversity is also analyzed.
(2) A new scheme that applying antenna selection algorithm at the transmitter and utilizing beamforming technique at the receiver is suggested. Compared with traditional MIMO-OFDM communication system, the quality of proposed scheme has been significantly improved.
(3) A scheme that selecting two optimal beams from directional multi-beams at the tranmitter is presented. In order to verify the validity, the proposed scheme is simulated by MATLAB software tool.
(4) The multiple antennas OFDM communication system based on the LabVIEW platform is also designed and simulated, which including transmitter module, receiver module and channel model.
本文对OFDM通信系统中使用多天线技术进行了较深入地研究。为了验证设计方案的性能,对IEEE 802.16d信道标准提出的多径信道模型进行了分析与仿真建模,并应用于研究中。本文的主要工作如下:
(1)在MIMO-OFDM通信系统中,研究了联合使用空间分集和极化分集的通信系统的容量,并利用MATLAB仿真工具对设计方案的容量进行了仿真与分析。
(2)针对MIMO-OFDM通信系统,提出了一种在发射端使用天线选择算法、接收端使用波束赋形技术的通信系统。与传统的MIMO-OFDM通信比较,本设计方案通信性能得到了很大的改善。
(3)针对MIMO-OFDM通信系统,设计了一种从多个定向波束中选择最优两个波束发射信号的方案,并对相应的系统进行了研究与仿真分析。
(4)基于LabVIEW工作平台,对多天线OFDM通信系统的发射模块,接收模块也进行了设计与仿真分析。
With the rapid development of wireless communications, the available bandwidth for wireless applications becomes more and more insufficient. Therefore, how to improve data rate without expending bandwidth becomes a key point in modern communication system design. Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and multiple antennas technique, which can be used to increase spectral efficiency and effectively combat with multi-path fading, is widely investigated around the world. As a result, OFDM system combined with multiple antennas technique is a promising approach for enhancing spectral efficiency and improving communication quality.
In the thesis, three different system structures of MIMO-OFDM communication system are proposed. The performance of them are investigated .The research is based on the IEEE 802.16d indoor channel model standard. The core detail of the work is as follows.
(1) Capacity of an MIMO-OFDM system utilizing both space diversity and polarization diversity is explored. For comparison, the capacity of a system only with space diversity is also analyzed.
(2) A new scheme that applying antenna selection algorithm at the transmitter and utilizing beamforming technique at the receiver is suggested. Compared with traditional MIMO-OFDM communication system, the quality of proposed scheme has been significantly improved.
(3) A scheme that selecting two optimal beams from directional multi-beams at the tranmitter is presented. In order to verify the validity, the proposed scheme is simulated by MATLAB software tool.
(4) The multiple antennas OFDM communication system based on the LabVIEW platform is also designed and simulated, which including transmitter module, receiver module and channel model.
引文
[1]孙启通.802.16d物理层技术研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:通信与信息系统,2005
[2]李红妹.802.16d标淮中OFDM物理层编码与调制技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:信号与信息处理,2006
[3]孙虎.IEEE 802.16d OFDM系统同步和信道估计技术的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].浙江:信息与通信工程,2006
[4]赵珂.基于IEEE 802.16d的MIMO-OFDM传输系统的部分算法研究与模块实现:[硕士学位论文].浙江:通信与信息系统,2005
[5]Le Minh Tuan,Pham Van Su,Jewoo Kim,et al.A New RLS-Based Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for Smart Antennas Applied to an OFDM System.Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology,2002.Proceedings.ICMMT 2002.2002 3rd International Conference on 17-19 Aug.2002 Page(s):672-675.
[6]Gerakoulis D,Salmi R An Interference Suppressing OFDM System for Wireless Communications.ICC 2002.IEEE International Conference on Communications,New York:April 2002.1:480-484.
[7]Chuang J,Sollenberger N.Beyond 3G:Wideband Wireless Data Access Based on OFDM and Dynamic Packet Assignment.IEEE Communications Magazine,2000,38(7):78-87
[8]Lan Yang;Shixing Cheng;Haifeng Wang,"Effects of cyclic prefix on OFDM systems over time-varying channels," in IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,vol.2,no.11-14,pp.750-53,Sept.2005.
[9]陈晶晶.无线MIMO技术研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:电路与系统,2007
[10]David Gesbert,Mansoor Shafi,Da-shan Shiu,Peter J Smith,and Ayman Naguib "From Theory to Practice:An Overview of MIMO Space-Time Coded Wireless Systems" IEEE JOURRNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS,VOL 21 NO.3,APRIL 2003
[11]P.Soma,D.S.Baum,V.Erceg,R.Krishnamoorthy,and A.J.Paulraj,"Analysis and modeling of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radio channel based on outdoor measurements conducted at 2.5 GHz for fixed BWA applications," in Proc.IEEE ICC Conf.,New York,April 2002.
[12] Ayaweera, S. K. ; Poor, H. V. , "Capacity of multiple-antenna systems with both receiver and transmitter channel state information," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 49, no. 10 pp. 2697-2709, Oct. 2003
[13] A. Seeger, A. Lobinger, R. Wiedmann, and B. Raaf, "Downlink eigenbeamformer with combining of eigenbeams," in Gobecom 2001, San Antonio, November 2001.
[14] A. Seeger, M. Sikora, and W. Utschick, "Antenna weight verification for closed-loop downlink eigenbeamforming," in Globecom 2002, Taipeh, Taiwan, November 2002.
[15] Seungwon Choi,Donghee Shim. A Novel Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for a Smart Antenna System in a CDMA Mobile Communication Environment. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on Volume 49, Issue 5, Sept. 2000 Page(s): 1793 - 1806.
[16] Jiann-An Tsai, Wei-Ping Chuang, Pang-An Ting,et al. Performance of Low-complexity MMSE Beamforming for WLAN Systems. Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004 IEEE 60th Volume 5,26-29 Sept. 2004 Page(s):3631-3634.
[17] National Instruments Corporation. LabVIEW User Manual. July 2000 Edition.
[18] S. Siwamogsatham and M. P. Fitz, "Robust space-time codes for correlated Rayleigh fading channels," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2408-2416, Oct. 2002.
[19] Alamouti S M.A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications [J].IEEE J Select Areas Commun, 1998,16(8):1451-1458.
[20] Y. Zhao, and A. Huang,"A novel channel estimation method for OFDM mobile communication systems based on pilot signals and transformdomain processing", IEEE VTC,pp: 2089-2093, 1997.
[21] J. W. Wallace and M. A. Jensen, "Modeling the indoor MIMO wireless channel," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 50, pp. 591-599, May 2002.
[22] Chen-Nee Chuah, David N. C. Tse, Joseph M. Kahn and Reinaldo A. Valenzuela. "Capacity Scaling in MIMO Wireless Systems under Correlated Fading", IEEE transaction on information theory, Vol. 48, No. 3, March 2002.
[23] Rohit U. Nabar, Helmut Bolcskei, David Gesbert and Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, "Performance of Multi-antenna Signaling Techniques in the Presence of Polarization Diversity", IEEE transaction on signal processing, Vol.50, No. 10, October 2002.
[24] Christoph Degen and Wilhelm Keusgen, "Performance Evaluation of MIMO Systems Using Dual-Polarized Antennas", IEEE 10th international conference on telecommunications, p1520-1525, 2003.
[25] Qiu-lin Huang and Xiao-wei Shi, "Channel Capacity of Indoor MIMO Systems in the Presence of Polarization Diversity", IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Dec, 2005.
[26] IEEE, IEEE P802.16-REVd, Draft IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks, Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems,2004
[27] Helmut Bolcskei, David Gesbert and Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, "On the Capacity of OFDM-Based Spatial Multiplexing Systems", IEEE Transactions on communications Vol.50, No.2, February 2002.
[28] Vahid Tarokh, Hamid Jafarkhani and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-Time Block Codes from Orthogonal Designs," IEEE Trans, on Information Theory, vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 1456-1467, Jul. 1999.
[29] Choi R L,Murch R D.A transmit preprocessing technique for multiuser MIMO systems using a decomposition approach[J].IEEE Trans Wireless Commun,2004,3(1):20-24.
[30] V.Tarokli, N.Seshadri and A.R.Calderbank, Space-time Codes for High Data Rate Wireless Communication: Performance analysis and code construction." IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory. Vol.44. No. 2. p.744 (1998).
[31] R.S.Blum,J.H.Winters.On optimum MIMO with antenna selection.IEEE Communication Letters,6(2002)8,322-324.
[32] Hui S, Katayama M, Yamazato T, et al. An adaptive antenna selection scheme for transmit diversity in OFDM systems [A]. Proceeding IEEE VTC'2001 Fall [C]. Atlantic City; IEEE, 2001-10.2168-2172.
[33] Robert W. Heath, Sumeet Sandhu, Arogyaswami Paulraj. Antenna Selection for Spatial Multiplexing Systems with Linear Receivers. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, VOL. 5, NO. 4,APRIL 2001,pp.142-144.
[34] HEATH R, PAULRAJ A.Antenna selection for spatial multiplexing systems based on minimum error rate [A].ICC[C].2001.2276-2280.
[35] Chan Kyu KIM. Pre-FFT Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for OFDM System with Array Antenna. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2003, E86-B (3): 1144-1148.
[36] Ari T Alastalo, Mika Kahola. Smart Antenna Operation for Indoor Wireless Local-area Networks Using OFDM. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2003, 2(2):392～399.
[37] Jin Liu and E. Gunawan. "Combining ideal beamforming and Alamouti space-time block codes". IEEE Electronic Letters. Vol. 39 No. 17. p. 1258 (2003).
[38]Jin Liu and Erry Gunawan."Exact Bit-Error Rate Analysis for the Combined System of Beamforming and Alamouti's Space-Time Block Code".IEEE Microwave and Wirelees Comonents Letters Vol.14,No.8.p.398(2004).
[39]J Chung,CS Hwang,K Kim,YK Kim.A random beamforming technique in MIMO systems exploring multiuser diversity[J].IEEE JSAC,2003,21(5):848-855.
[40]National Instruments Corporation.LabVIEW Function and Ⅵ Reference Manual.January 1998 Edition.
[41]杨乐平,李海涛等.LabVIEW高级程序设计.清华大学出版社2003.4:237-246.
[42]王英霞.基于LabVIEW的虚拟实验室的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].天津:控制理论与控制工程,2007.
[2]李红妹.802.16d标淮中OFDM物理层编码与调制技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:信号与信息处理,2006
[3]孙虎.IEEE 802.16d OFDM系统同步和信道估计技术的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].浙江:信息与通信工程,2006
[4]赵珂.基于IEEE 802.16d的MIMO-OFDM传输系统的部分算法研究与模块实现:[硕士学位论文].浙江:通信与信息系统,2005
[5]Le Minh Tuan,Pham Van Su,Jewoo Kim,et al.A New RLS-Based Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for Smart Antennas Applied to an OFDM System.Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology,2002.Proceedings.ICMMT 2002.2002 3rd International Conference on 17-19 Aug.2002 Page(s):672-675.
[6]Gerakoulis D,Salmi R An Interference Suppressing OFDM System for Wireless Communications.ICC 2002.IEEE International Conference on Communications,New York:April 2002.1:480-484.
[7]Chuang J,Sollenberger N.Beyond 3G:Wideband Wireless Data Access Based on OFDM and Dynamic Packet Assignment.IEEE Communications Magazine,2000,38(7):78-87
[8]Lan Yang;Shixing Cheng;Haifeng Wang,"Effects of cyclic prefix on OFDM systems over time-varying channels," in IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,vol.2,no.11-14,pp.750-53,Sept.2005.
[9]陈晶晶.无线MIMO技术研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:电路与系统,2007
[10]David Gesbert,Mansoor Shafi,Da-shan Shiu,Peter J Smith,and Ayman Naguib "From Theory to Practice:An Overview of MIMO Space-Time Coded Wireless Systems" IEEE JOURRNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS,VOL 21 NO.3,APRIL 2003
[11]P.Soma,D.S.Baum,V.Erceg,R.Krishnamoorthy,and A.J.Paulraj,"Analysis and modeling of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radio channel based on outdoor measurements conducted at 2.5 GHz for fixed BWA applications," in Proc.IEEE ICC Conf.,New York,April 2002.
[12] Ayaweera, S. K. ; Poor, H. V. , "Capacity of multiple-antenna systems with both receiver and transmitter channel state information," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 49, no. 10 pp. 2697-2709, Oct. 2003
[13] A. Seeger, A. Lobinger, R. Wiedmann, and B. Raaf, "Downlink eigenbeamformer with combining of eigenbeams," in Gobecom 2001, San Antonio, November 2001.
[14] A. Seeger, M. Sikora, and W. Utschick, "Antenna weight verification for closed-loop downlink eigenbeamforming," in Globecom 2002, Taipeh, Taiwan, November 2002.
[15] Seungwon Choi,Donghee Shim. A Novel Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for a Smart Antenna System in a CDMA Mobile Communication Environment. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on Volume 49, Issue 5, Sept. 2000 Page(s): 1793 - 1806.
[16] Jiann-An Tsai, Wei-Ping Chuang, Pang-An Ting,et al. Performance of Low-complexity MMSE Beamforming for WLAN Systems. Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004 IEEE 60th Volume 5,26-29 Sept. 2004 Page(s):3631-3634.
[17] National Instruments Corporation. LabVIEW User Manual. July 2000 Edition.
[18] S. Siwamogsatham and M. P. Fitz, "Robust space-time codes for correlated Rayleigh fading channels," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2408-2416, Oct. 2002.
[19] Alamouti S M.A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications [J].IEEE J Select Areas Commun, 1998,16(8):1451-1458.
[20] Y. Zhao, and A. Huang,"A novel channel estimation method for OFDM mobile communication systems based on pilot signals and transformdomain processing", IEEE VTC,pp: 2089-2093, 1997.
[21] J. W. Wallace and M. A. Jensen, "Modeling the indoor MIMO wireless channel," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 50, pp. 591-599, May 2002.
[22] Chen-Nee Chuah, David N. C. Tse, Joseph M. Kahn and Reinaldo A. Valenzuela. "Capacity Scaling in MIMO Wireless Systems under Correlated Fading", IEEE transaction on information theory, Vol. 48, No. 3, March 2002.
[23] Rohit U. Nabar, Helmut Bolcskei, David Gesbert and Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, "Performance of Multi-antenna Signaling Techniques in the Presence of Polarization Diversity", IEEE transaction on signal processing, Vol.50, No. 10, October 2002.
[24] Christoph Degen and Wilhelm Keusgen, "Performance Evaluation of MIMO Systems Using Dual-Polarized Antennas", IEEE 10th international conference on telecommunications, p1520-1525, 2003.
[25] Qiu-lin Huang and Xiao-wei Shi, "Channel Capacity of Indoor MIMO Systems in the Presence of Polarization Diversity", IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Dec, 2005.
[26] IEEE, IEEE P802.16-REVd, Draft IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks, Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems,2004
[27] Helmut Bolcskei, David Gesbert and Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, "On the Capacity of OFDM-Based Spatial Multiplexing Systems", IEEE Transactions on communications Vol.50, No.2, February 2002.
[28] Vahid Tarokh, Hamid Jafarkhani and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-Time Block Codes from Orthogonal Designs," IEEE Trans, on Information Theory, vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 1456-1467, Jul. 1999.
[29] Choi R L,Murch R D.A transmit preprocessing technique for multiuser MIMO systems using a decomposition approach[J].IEEE Trans Wireless Commun,2004,3(1):20-24.
[30] V.Tarokli, N.Seshadri and A.R.Calderbank, Space-time Codes for High Data Rate Wireless Communication: Performance analysis and code construction." IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory. Vol.44. No. 2. p.744 (1998).
[31] R.S.Blum,J.H.Winters.On optimum MIMO with antenna selection.IEEE Communication Letters,6(2002)8,322-324.
[32] Hui S, Katayama M, Yamazato T, et al. An adaptive antenna selection scheme for transmit diversity in OFDM systems [A]. Proceeding IEEE VTC'2001 Fall [C]. Atlantic City; IEEE, 2001-10.2168-2172.
[33] Robert W. Heath, Sumeet Sandhu, Arogyaswami Paulraj. Antenna Selection for Spatial Multiplexing Systems with Linear Receivers. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, VOL. 5, NO. 4,APRIL 2001,pp.142-144.
[34] HEATH R, PAULRAJ A.Antenna selection for spatial multiplexing systems based on minimum error rate [A].ICC[C].2001.2276-2280.
[35] Chan Kyu KIM. Pre-FFT Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for OFDM System with Array Antenna. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2003, E86-B (3): 1144-1148.
[36] Ari T Alastalo, Mika Kahola. Smart Antenna Operation for Indoor Wireless Local-area Networks Using OFDM. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2003, 2(2):392～399.
[37] Jin Liu and E. Gunawan. "Combining ideal beamforming and Alamouti space-time block codes". IEEE Electronic Letters. Vol. 39 No. 17. p. 1258 (2003).
[38]Jin Liu and Erry Gunawan."Exact Bit-Error Rate Analysis for the Combined System of Beamforming and Alamouti's Space-Time Block Code".IEEE Microwave and Wirelees Comonents Letters Vol.14,No.8.p.398(2004).
[39]J Chung,CS Hwang,K Kim,YK Kim.A random beamforming technique in MIMO systems exploring multiuser diversity[J].IEEE JSAC,2003,21(5):848-855.
[40]National Instruments Corporation.LabVIEW Function and Ⅵ Reference Manual.January 1998 Edition.
[41]杨乐平,李海涛等.LabVIEW高级程序设计.清华大学出版社2003.4:237-246.
[42]王英霞.基于LabVIEW的虚拟实验室的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].天津:控制理论与控制工程,2007.