火电厂卸料小车控制信号远程传输的实现
摘要
目前卸料小车已经广泛应用于电厂、冶金、有色金属、煤矿、港口、码头等行业,尤其是在火力发电厂输煤系统中应用更为突出。由于储煤站工作环境比较恶劣,粉尘大,故卸料小车采用程序自动控制,控制信号和反馈信号都是由远在百米甚至千米以外的程控室发出的。目前多数程控室发出的控制信号都是由传统的有线传输方式实现的,由于小车是移动的,使用吊环滑动节控制电缆,这种方式存在着结构复杂,维护困难,有线电缆容易损坏和老化的缺点,给控制系统带来隐患,且传输距离长,工程成本较高。
本文通过对以往有线信号控制方案的比较提出了利用无线数据传输方式来实现卸料小车各种控制和反馈信号的远程传输。首先对现有无线通信手段进行比较分析,选择无线数传模块(芯片)为主要传输手段。并对现有无线数据通信频带传输的三种信号调制方式ASK,FSK,PSK的原理,误码率和频带占有率等性能指标进行对比分析,选择FSK为主要调制手段。并针对FSK调制方式的不足而产生的MSK,GMSK调制方式,利用Matlab软件中的通信仿真工具箱,对2FSK,MSK和GMSK的误码率,频谱等性能指标进行仿真比较,最终选取GMSK调制方式。
本文实现了以GMSK无线数传芯片和MCS-51单片机为主的信号发送与接收系统的硬件电路,包括开关量和模拟量信号的输入与输出电路,A/D和D/A转换,无线芯片和单片机的RS-232接口电路等。并通过编写的汇编语言程序完成了卸料小车和程控室相对应的开关量信号和模拟量信号的发送和接收。
In some large power station,coal is transmitted to the top of silo by strap transport firstly,then coal is ladeden and unladeden by the vehicle on the top of silo.It will impact the production efficiency ,output and quality of production that whether the dolly can arrive the right position accurately in time,connect with the input of silo,carry and unlade the coal.
Now most dollies are controlled long-distance by cable and PLC,it’s speed and precision is very high.But it need to set special cable net.and Investment is larger, the capability price rate is lower.Cable is prone to abrasion,aging and brings hidden trouble to the control system.It is not fit the works for operating in spot longtime,because the environment of spot is very tough.All kinds of signal are sent from control house in hundreds or thousands miles away.In this case,signals are not fit for transmittion by cable.
In this paper,I have studied on the method of dolly control used in power station,metallurgy,coloured metal,coal,dock and port widely in the background of Gujarat Power station,and given a new method that transmitting the control signals of dolly by wireless communication. I have compared wireless communication module,CDPD and GSM-SMS with each other,analyzed their using area and speciality and chosen wireless communication module as the communication method.
Then in this paper I have introduced the basic theory of wireless communication and compared the Symbol Error Rate and frequency belt possessive rate of 2ASK,2FSK and 2PSK by accounting.PSK system is best,but it need more technique,only fitting for the high speed communication in digital and computer communication.The SER of FSK is better than ASK,but need more bandwidth,so FSK is fit for lower speed transmission.The SER of PSK is worst,so it is hardly used in industry.The transmission of dolly control signals need not high speed,so FSK is chosen as the object.
Because the changing of binary baseband signal may bring the phase mutation of carrier wave,so the MSK is appear.In order to reduce bandwidth more,the GMSK is appear.I have compared SER and spectrum of 2FSK,MSK and GMSK by Matlab software. In the precondition of the same SER,GMSK bandwidth is smallest.
Transmitting 1Kbit/s date in the precondition of different SNR and modulation,the SER of 2FSK is highest,it’s effect is worst.The SER of MSK and GMSK is similar,GMSK is a little better than MSK,so GMSK modulation is chosen finally.
Comparing the SER and spectrum of GMSK in different BT by Matlab,it can be seen that the distributing of GMSK spectrum is compact and concentrative and SER is increasing along with the decreasing of BT,the value of BT is 0.25 in normal.
The hardware consists of wireless communication module HAC-LM,Atmel single-chip AT89S52,TI serial ADC chip TLC2543,NS DAC0832 and so on.The wireless communication module and AT89S52 are connected by RS-232 interface.The input of digital signal is substituted by key-press switches,output is substituted by the on & off of LED. The input of analog signal is made by potentiometer,the output is showed by the brightness of LED and measured by multimeter.
Pause-wait protocol and FEC are adopted as the error control protocol,the wireless sending and receiving of digital and analog signal are completed in assemble language.
The sending and receiving of digital and analog signal is good in test,the correctness is very high,but there are some error and fluctuation in analog signal receiving,the precision is not very high.
There are still a few shortages in this paper and need to be perfect more.such as no expanding for the I/O of single-chip,because the input of digital signal is not much,so it’s not fit the industry field; the input of digital signal is not sent by the relay switch in industry spot but substituted by keypress switches without light coupling,so the electromagnetism disturber is not included;the output of digital signal is only showed by the LED,completing the transmitting of digital signal,and need to be tested in driving circuit outside.
These shortages need to be perfected in practice working and finished product according with industry require.
本文通过对以往有线信号控制方案的比较提出了利用无线数据传输方式来实现卸料小车各种控制和反馈信号的远程传输。首先对现有无线通信手段进行比较分析,选择无线数传模块(芯片)为主要传输手段。并对现有无线数据通信频带传输的三种信号调制方式ASK,FSK,PSK的原理,误码率和频带占有率等性能指标进行对比分析,选择FSK为主要调制手段。并针对FSK调制方式的不足而产生的MSK,GMSK调制方式,利用Matlab软件中的通信仿真工具箱,对2FSK,MSK和GMSK的误码率,频谱等性能指标进行仿真比较,最终选取GMSK调制方式。
本文实现了以GMSK无线数传芯片和MCS-51单片机为主的信号发送与接收系统的硬件电路,包括开关量和模拟量信号的输入与输出电路,A/D和D/A转换,无线芯片和单片机的RS-232接口电路等。并通过编写的汇编语言程序完成了卸料小车和程控室相对应的开关量信号和模拟量信号的发送和接收。
In some large power station,coal is transmitted to the top of silo by strap transport firstly,then coal is ladeden and unladeden by the vehicle on the top of silo.It will impact the production efficiency ,output and quality of production that whether the dolly can arrive the right position accurately in time,connect with the input of silo,carry and unlade the coal.
Now most dollies are controlled long-distance by cable and PLC,it’s speed and precision is very high.But it need to set special cable net.and Investment is larger, the capability price rate is lower.Cable is prone to abrasion,aging and brings hidden trouble to the control system.It is not fit the works for operating in spot longtime,because the environment of spot is very tough.All kinds of signal are sent from control house in hundreds or thousands miles away.In this case,signals are not fit for transmittion by cable.
In this paper,I have studied on the method of dolly control used in power station,metallurgy,coloured metal,coal,dock and port widely in the background of Gujarat Power station,and given a new method that transmitting the control signals of dolly by wireless communication. I have compared wireless communication module,CDPD and GSM-SMS with each other,analyzed their using area and speciality and chosen wireless communication module as the communication method.
Then in this paper I have introduced the basic theory of wireless communication and compared the Symbol Error Rate and frequency belt possessive rate of 2ASK,2FSK and 2PSK by accounting.PSK system is best,but it need more technique,only fitting for the high speed communication in digital and computer communication.The SER of FSK is better than ASK,but need more bandwidth,so FSK is fit for lower speed transmission.The SER of PSK is worst,so it is hardly used in industry.The transmission of dolly control signals need not high speed,so FSK is chosen as the object.
Because the changing of binary baseband signal may bring the phase mutation of carrier wave,so the MSK is appear.In order to reduce bandwidth more,the GMSK is appear.I have compared SER and spectrum of 2FSK,MSK and GMSK by Matlab software. In the precondition of the same SER,GMSK bandwidth is smallest.
Transmitting 1Kbit/s date in the precondition of different SNR and modulation,the SER of 2FSK is highest,it’s effect is worst.The SER of MSK and GMSK is similar,GMSK is a little better than MSK,so GMSK modulation is chosen finally.
Comparing the SER and spectrum of GMSK in different BT by Matlab,it can be seen that the distributing of GMSK spectrum is compact and concentrative and SER is increasing along with the decreasing of BT,the value of BT is 0.25 in normal.
The hardware consists of wireless communication module HAC-LM,Atmel single-chip AT89S52,TI serial ADC chip TLC2543,NS DAC0832 and so on.The wireless communication module and AT89S52 are connected by RS-232 interface.The input of digital signal is substituted by key-press switches,output is substituted by the on & off of LED. The input of analog signal is made by potentiometer,the output is showed by the brightness of LED and measured by multimeter.
Pause-wait protocol and FEC are adopted as the error control protocol,the wireless sending and receiving of digital and analog signal are completed in assemble language.
The sending and receiving of digital and analog signal is good in test,the correctness is very high,but there are some error and fluctuation in analog signal receiving,the precision is not very high.
There are still a few shortages in this paper and need to be perfect more.such as no expanding for the I/O of single-chip,because the input of digital signal is not much,so it’s not fit the industry field; the input of digital signal is not sent by the relay switch in industry spot but substituted by keypress switches without light coupling,so the electromagnetism disturber is not included;the output of digital signal is only showed by the LED,completing the transmitting of digital signal,and need to be tested in driving circuit outside.
These shortages need to be perfected in practice working and finished product according with industry require.
引文
[1] 袁东风, 张海霞 编码调制技术原理及应用 北京 清华大学出版社 2006
[2] 奚定平 贝塞尔函数 北京 高等教育出版社 1998
[3] Shinsuke Hara,Attapol Wannasarnmaytha,Yuuji Tsuchida,and Norihiko Morinaga A novel FSK demodulation method using short-time DFT analysis for LEO satellite communication systems.IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology,1997,16,625-632.
[4] 肖闽进 通信原理教程 北京 电子工业出版社 2006
[5] W.Sinnema. Electronic Transmission Line Technology. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ. 1988
[6] [美]SheldonM.Ross 概率论基础教程 北京 人民邮电出版社 2007.8
[7] 达新宇 数据通信原理与技术 北京 电子工业出版社 2003
[8] R.H.Kwong,E.W.Johnston, A variable step size LMS algorithm IEEE Trans.Signal processing,1992,vol.40,pp.1663-1642
[9] Du J,Vucetic B,Zhang L,Construction of New MPSK Trellis Codes for Fading Channels. IEEE Trans on Comms,1995,Vol43,pp776-784
[10] 纠错编码技术和应用 归绍升编著 上海 上海交通大学出版社 1988.3
[11] 朱明武 测试信号处理与分析 北京 北京航空航天大学出版社 2006
[12] 樊平毅 随机过程理论与应用 北京 清华大学出版社 2005
[13] P.K.Singh,S.Jayasimha.A low-complexity,reduced-power Viterbi algorithm. Proc.of VLSI,99’.pp.61-66
[14] Varshney P,Hessel C. High speed data waveform over bandlimited Channels. MILCOM 97 Proceedings 1997,Vol.2 pp.530-534
[15] A.J.Viterbi,J. K. Wolf, E. Zehavi, and R. Padovani, "A pragmatic approach to trellis-coded modulation", IEEE Communications Magazine, 1989, vol.27,pp.11–19
[16] 罗抟翼 控制工程与信号处理 北京 化学工业出版社教材出版中心 2004
[17] P.R.哈尔莫斯 希耳伯特空间问题集 上海 上海科学技术出版社 1984
[18] 杨晓红 无线远传抄表系统的设计与实现 长春工业大学硕士论文.2003
[19] 龚冬梅 单片机无线数据传输接口C程序设计 Vol.13No.8Aug.2003
[20] Ungerboeck G. Channel Coding with Multilevel/Phase Signals IEEE Trans Of Information Theory,1982,IT-28,1,pp55-67.
[21] Hamming R W .Error detecting and error correcting codes. Bell Syst.Tech.J.1950,29,pp147-160
[22] Shannon C E A mathematical theory of communications,Bell Systems Technical Journal,1948,27,pp636-656
[23] Nyqusit H.Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory Trans of the AIEE,1928,47,pp617-644
[24] 王兴亮 数字通信原理与技术(第二版) 西安 西安电子科技大学出版社
[25] Richard T. Bobilin, John C. Lindenlaub. Distortion Analysis of Binary FSK. IEEE Trans. Commun.1971,8:478-486
[26] Ning H. Lu , Alfred Grasso. An investigation of coding for non-coherently demodulated binary FSK signals.IEEE Military Communications Conference,1994:1017-1022.
[27] 唐彦儒 金毓良 史娟芬 数字通信技术 南京 东南大学出版社 2003
[28] 姚庆栋 梁慧君 戴文琪 数字无线通信 杭州 浙江大学出版社 1992
[29] 李乐民 数字通信传输系统 北京 人民邮电出版社 1986
[30] Cummings M Haruyama. FPGA in the softwareradio IEEE Communications Magazine 1999 37(2)
[31] BERNARD SKLAR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Fundamental and Application PRENTICE HALL 1998
[32] Eugene Grayver,Babak Daneshrad. A low power FSK receiver for space applications. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2000(2):713-717.
[33] (加)Royblake 无线通信技术 北京 科学出版社2004
[34] Mukund Padmanabhan, Ken Martin. Comparison of correlator configurations for band-limited FSK demodulation. IEEE Trans.Commun.1991, 10:1418-1422
[35] M.Oerder,H.Meyr.Digital filter and square timing recovery. IEEETrans.Commun, 1988,5:605-612.
[36] SALKINTZIS A K,PLEVRIDIS J E,KOUKOURLISCS,etal. Design and implementation of a low-cost wireless network for remote control and monitoring applications[J]. Microprocessors and Microsystems,1997, 21 (2) :79-88.
[37] 黄智伟 全国大学生电子设计竞赛训练教程 北京 电子工业出版社 2005
[38] 王新梅 纠错码和差错控制 北京 人民邮电出版社 1989. 6
[39] Sergio Franco, "Design with operational amplifier and analog integratedcircuit",McGraw-Hill book company, 1988
[40] Howard W.Johnson and Martin Graham High-Speed Digital design:A Handbook of Black Magic.prentice Hall,1993
[41] 狄敬国 一种基于PLC的运料小车设计 农业装备技术 No3.Jun 2006
[42] 阳建军 无线数据传输电台的研制和开发 北京交通大学硕士学位论文
[43] Gota Brasche and Bernhard Walke "Concepts, Service, and Protocols of the New GSM Phase 2 General Packet Radio Service" IEEE Communications. Magazine, August 1997, page 94-104
[44] Richard G.lyons. Understanding Digital Signal Processing. London: Bradford University,2001
[45] Jian Cai and David J. Goodman, "General Packet Radio Service in GSM" IEEE Communications Magazine, October 1997, page 122-131
[46] Kenneth R.Demarest.Engineering Electromagnetics. Florence, Italy, 2003 182(2)
[47] K. Shimizu, "Telemedicine by Mobile Communication" IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, July-August 1999
[48] Application note nAN400-03.Smal1 loop antennas. Nordic VLSI ASA Inc.2000:1～13
[49] Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko. RF Circuit Design: Theory and Applications Pearson Education, Inc. 2002: 359～394
[50] W.Sinnema. Electronic Transmission Line Technology. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ.1988
[51] R.A.Chipman. Transmission Lines. Schaum Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, New York.1988
[52] Bowick. RF Circuit Design. Newmes, Newton, MA.1982
[53] Herberrt Taub,Donald L Schilling. Principles of Communication Systems. New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company
[54] J.G.Proakis. Digital Communication. 北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[55] MathWorks.MATLAB在线手册电子文档.2001
[2] 奚定平 贝塞尔函数 北京 高等教育出版社 1998
[3] Shinsuke Hara,Attapol Wannasarnmaytha,Yuuji Tsuchida,and Norihiko Morinaga A novel FSK demodulation method using short-time DFT analysis for LEO satellite communication systems.IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology,1997,16,625-632.
[4] 肖闽进 通信原理教程 北京 电子工业出版社 2006
[5] W.Sinnema. Electronic Transmission Line Technology. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ. 1988
[6] [美]SheldonM.Ross 概率论基础教程 北京 人民邮电出版社 2007.8
[7] 达新宇 数据通信原理与技术 北京 电子工业出版社 2003
[8] R.H.Kwong,E.W.Johnston, A variable step size LMS algorithm IEEE Trans.Signal processing,1992,vol.40,pp.1663-1642
[9] Du J,Vucetic B,Zhang L,Construction of New MPSK Trellis Codes for Fading Channels. IEEE Trans on Comms,1995,Vol43,pp776-784
[10] 纠错编码技术和应用 归绍升编著 上海 上海交通大学出版社 1988.3
[11] 朱明武 测试信号处理与分析 北京 北京航空航天大学出版社 2006
[12] 樊平毅 随机过程理论与应用 北京 清华大学出版社 2005
[13] P.K.Singh,S.Jayasimha.A low-complexity,reduced-power Viterbi algorithm. Proc.of VLSI,99’.pp.61-66
[14] Varshney P,Hessel C. High speed data waveform over bandlimited Channels. MILCOM 97 Proceedings 1997,Vol.2 pp.530-534
[15] A.J.Viterbi,J. K. Wolf, E. Zehavi, and R. Padovani, "A pragmatic approach to trellis-coded modulation", IEEE Communications Magazine, 1989, vol.27,pp.11–19
[16] 罗抟翼 控制工程与信号处理 北京 化学工业出版社教材出版中心 2004
[17] P.R.哈尔莫斯 希耳伯特空间问题集 上海 上海科学技术出版社 1984
[18] 杨晓红 无线远传抄表系统的设计与实现 长春工业大学硕士论文.2003
[19] 龚冬梅 单片机无线数据传输接口C程序设计 Vol.13No.8Aug.2003
[20] Ungerboeck G. Channel Coding with Multilevel/Phase Signals IEEE Trans Of Information Theory,1982,IT-28,1,pp55-67.
[21] Hamming R W .Error detecting and error correcting codes. Bell Syst.Tech.J.1950,29,pp147-160
[22] Shannon C E A mathematical theory of communications,Bell Systems Technical Journal,1948,27,pp636-656
[23] Nyqusit H.Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory Trans of the AIEE,1928,47,pp617-644
[24] 王兴亮 数字通信原理与技术(第二版) 西安 西安电子科技大学出版社
[25] Richard T. Bobilin, John C. Lindenlaub. Distortion Analysis of Binary FSK. IEEE Trans. Commun.1971,8:478-486
[26] Ning H. Lu , Alfred Grasso. An investigation of coding for non-coherently demodulated binary FSK signals.IEEE Military Communications Conference,1994:1017-1022.
[27] 唐彦儒 金毓良 史娟芬 数字通信技术 南京 东南大学出版社 2003
[28] 姚庆栋 梁慧君 戴文琪 数字无线通信 杭州 浙江大学出版社 1992
[29] 李乐民 数字通信传输系统 北京 人民邮电出版社 1986
[30] Cummings M Haruyama. FPGA in the softwareradio IEEE Communications Magazine 1999 37(2)
[31] BERNARD SKLAR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Fundamental and Application PRENTICE HALL 1998
[32] Eugene Grayver,Babak Daneshrad. A low power FSK receiver for space applications. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2000(2):713-717.
[33] (加)Royblake 无线通信技术 北京 科学出版社2004
[34] Mukund Padmanabhan, Ken Martin. Comparison of correlator configurations for band-limited FSK demodulation. IEEE Trans.Commun.1991, 10:1418-1422
[35] M.Oerder,H.Meyr.Digital filter and square timing recovery. IEEETrans.Commun, 1988,5:605-612.
[36] SALKINTZIS A K,PLEVRIDIS J E,KOUKOURLISCS,etal. Design and implementation of a low-cost wireless network for remote control and monitoring applications[J]. Microprocessors and Microsystems,1997, 21 (2) :79-88.
[37] 黄智伟 全国大学生电子设计竞赛训练教程 北京 电子工业出版社 2005
[38] 王新梅 纠错码和差错控制 北京 人民邮电出版社 1989. 6
[39] Sergio Franco, "Design with operational amplifier and analog integratedcircuit",McGraw-Hill book company, 1988
[40] Howard W.Johnson and Martin Graham High-Speed Digital design:A Handbook of Black Magic.prentice Hall,1993
[41] 狄敬国 一种基于PLC的运料小车设计 农业装备技术 No3.Jun 2006
[42] 阳建军 无线数据传输电台的研制和开发 北京交通大学硕士学位论文
[43] Gota Brasche and Bernhard Walke "Concepts, Service, and Protocols of the New GSM Phase 2 General Packet Radio Service" IEEE Communications. Magazine, August 1997, page 94-104
[44] Richard G.lyons. Understanding Digital Signal Processing. London: Bradford University,2001
[45] Jian Cai and David J. Goodman, "General Packet Radio Service in GSM" IEEE Communications Magazine, October 1997, page 122-131
[46] Kenneth R.Demarest.Engineering Electromagnetics. Florence, Italy, 2003 182(2)
[47] K. Shimizu, "Telemedicine by Mobile Communication" IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, July-August 1999
[48] Application note nAN400-03.Smal1 loop antennas. Nordic VLSI ASA Inc.2000:1～13
[49] Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko. RF Circuit Design: Theory and Applications Pearson Education, Inc. 2002: 359～394
[50] W.Sinnema. Electronic Transmission Line Technology. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ.1988
[51] R.A.Chipman. Transmission Lines. Schaum Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, New York.1988
[52] Bowick. RF Circuit Design. Newmes, Newton, MA.1982
[53] Herberrt Taub,Donald L Schilling. Principles of Communication Systems. New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company
[54] J.G.Proakis. Digital Communication. 北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[55] MathWorks.MATLAB在线手册电子文档.2001
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