面向构件部署与配置的模型语义保障机制研究与实现
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摘要
作为软件复用的一种重要手段,构件技术成功的将软件开发过程的焦点由传统从零开始的代码编写转移到对已有构件的组装和配置,这就对传统以代码为中心的软件开发工具提出了新的要求。如何为开发者提供有效便捷的组装与配置工具,已成为构件化开发的研究热点。
模型驱动开发是一种利用模型来简化系统开发的新型软件开发方法。结合成熟的模型转换和代码生成技术,模型驱动开发过程能够成功地屏蔽掉底层的技术细节,使得开发者能够更为专注的面对所要解决的问题。当前,基于模型驱动思想,以可视化建模的方式实现构件软件的配置与部署已经成为一种提高构件开发效率的有效手段。
在以上两个背景之下,本文基于已有的研究成果,从领域相关建模语言的角度出发,重点研究了如何通过有效的模型语义保障机制,提高现有基于模型的配置部署工具的效率。文章的具体工作包括:
(一)深入研究了领域相关建模的基本概念和关键技术。重点研究了领域相关建模中的语义概念和机制,从模型的静态语义和动态语义两个层面研究了现有语义保障技术。
(二)提出了一个遵循OMG部署与配置规范的语义框架VDCSF。该框架在抽象层面上定义了面向部署与配置工具进行模型语义保障的基础结构和公共机制,层次化的定义了部署与配置建模环境中的静态语义约束机制和动态语义映射机制。
(三)基于VDCSF框架,设计和实现了部署与配置建模环境的静态语义约束部件和动态语义映射部件。静态语义约束部件基于对象约束语言实现了模型的构建时验证功能,确保了用户模型的有效性;动态语义映射部件以模型解释的方式实现了部署与配置相关元数据的自动生成。
(四)构造一个实际用例,验证了语义部件的功能。
As an important approach of software reuse, component technology has successfully changed the focus of software development process from coding from scratch to assembling and configuring the existing components. It brings a great challenge for the traditional code-centric software development tool. And it makes creating more useful tools for component-based development a research hotspot.
Model driven development (MDD) is a new paradigm which utilizes model to simplify the system development. Leveraging mature model transformation and code generation technology, MDD could mask the underlying technical details and make developers focused more on the problem to be solved. Nowadays, based on the MDD concept, assembling and configuring component-based system by visualized model has become an effective mean to improve the efficiency of component development.
In the context of above challenges, based on existing work on domain specific modeling language, this thesis focuses on how to improve the efficiency of model-based assembly and configuration tool through protection mechanism of model semantics.
The content of this thesis can be generalized as follows:
Firstly, this thesis makes an in-depth study of the basic concept and key technology of domain-specific modeling, concentrating on the semantics mechanism of domain-specific modeling language.
Secondly, this thesis presents a visual deployment and configuration semantics framework conforming to the OMG D&C specification. The framework hierarchically defined the static semantics constraint mechanism and the dynamic semantics mapping mechanism for D&C domain.
Thirdly, based on the defined semantics framework, this thesis gives an implementation of the semantic constraint module and the model interpretation module. The semantic constraint module can verify the user model, while the model interpretation module can generate D&C meta-data from user model automatically.
Finally, a concrete application is modeled to validate the functional correctness of the two implemented semantics modules.
模型驱动开发是一种利用模型来简化系统开发的新型软件开发方法。结合成熟的模型转换和代码生成技术,模型驱动开发过程能够成功地屏蔽掉底层的技术细节,使得开发者能够更为专注的面对所要解决的问题。当前,基于模型驱动思想,以可视化建模的方式实现构件软件的配置与部署已经成为一种提高构件开发效率的有效手段。
在以上两个背景之下,本文基于已有的研究成果,从领域相关建模语言的角度出发,重点研究了如何通过有效的模型语义保障机制,提高现有基于模型的配置部署工具的效率。文章的具体工作包括:
(一)深入研究了领域相关建模的基本概念和关键技术。重点研究了领域相关建模中的语义概念和机制,从模型的静态语义和动态语义两个层面研究了现有语义保障技术。
(二)提出了一个遵循OMG部署与配置规范的语义框架VDCSF。该框架在抽象层面上定义了面向部署与配置工具进行模型语义保障的基础结构和公共机制,层次化的定义了部署与配置建模环境中的静态语义约束机制和动态语义映射机制。
(三)基于VDCSF框架,设计和实现了部署与配置建模环境的静态语义约束部件和动态语义映射部件。静态语义约束部件基于对象约束语言实现了模型的构建时验证功能,确保了用户模型的有效性;动态语义映射部件以模型解释的方式实现了部署与配置相关元数据的自动生成。
(四)构造一个实际用例,验证了语义部件的功能。
As an important approach of software reuse, component technology has successfully changed the focus of software development process from coding from scratch to assembling and configuring the existing components. It brings a great challenge for the traditional code-centric software development tool. And it makes creating more useful tools for component-based development a research hotspot.
Model driven development (MDD) is a new paradigm which utilizes model to simplify the system development. Leveraging mature model transformation and code generation technology, MDD could mask the underlying technical details and make developers focused more on the problem to be solved. Nowadays, based on the MDD concept, assembling and configuring component-based system by visualized model has become an effective mean to improve the efficiency of component development.
In the context of above challenges, based on existing work on domain specific modeling language, this thesis focuses on how to improve the efficiency of model-based assembly and configuration tool through protection mechanism of model semantics.
The content of this thesis can be generalized as follows:
Firstly, this thesis makes an in-depth study of the basic concept and key technology of domain-specific modeling, concentrating on the semantics mechanism of domain-specific modeling language.
Secondly, this thesis presents a visual deployment and configuration semantics framework conforming to the OMG D&C specification. The framework hierarchically defined the static semantics constraint mechanism and the dynamic semantics mapping mechanism for D&C domain.
Thirdly, based on the defined semantics framework, this thesis gives an implementation of the semantic constraint module and the model interpretation module. The semantic constraint module can verify the user model, while the model interpretation module can generate D&C meta-data from user model automatically.
Finally, a concrete application is modeled to validate the functional correctness of the two implemented semantics modules.
引文
[1] Clements P. C.. From Subroutines to Subsystems: Component Based Software Development. American Programmer, 1995, 8(11):3~6.
[2] Gokhale A., Schmidt D. C., Natarajan B., et al. Middleware for communication. American: Wiley Publications, 2004:135~148.
[3] Deng G.. Resolving Component Deployment & Configuration Challenges for Enterprise DRE Systems via Frameworks & Generative Techniques. Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering, 2006:945~948.
[4] Balasubramanian K., Gokhale A., Karsai G., et al. Developing Applications Using Model-Driven Design Environments. IEEE Computer, 2006, 39(2):33~40.
[5] Gokhale A., Douglas C. S., Balachandran N., et al. Applying Model-Integrated Computing to Component Middleware and Enterprise Applications. Communications of the ACM, 2002, 45(10):65~70.
[6] Alan W. B., Kurt C. W.. The Current State of CBSE. IEEE Software, 1998, 15(5):37~46.
[7] Wang G. J., Ungar L., Klawitter D.. Component Assembly for OO Distributed System. IEEE Computer, 1999, 32(7):71~78.
[8] Douglas C. S.. Model-Driven Engineering. IEEE Computer, 2006, 39(2):25~31.
[9] Kelly S.. Comparison of Eclipse EMF/GEF and MetaEdit+ for DSM. 19th Annual ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, Workshop on Best Practices for Model Driven Software Development, 2004.
[10] OMG. MDA Guide Version 1.0.1. 2005-05-02.
[11] Sztipanovits J., Karsai G.. Model-Integrated Computing. IEEE Computer, 1997,30(4):110~112.
[12]刘辉,麻志毅,绍维忠.元建模技术研究进展.软件学报,2008,19(6):1317~1327.
[13] Hayes-Roth R.. Architecture based Acquisition and Development of Software: Guidelines and Recommendations from ARPA Domain-Specific Software Architecture (DSSA) Program. CMU/SEI, 1994.
[14] MetaCase Inc. Domain-Specific modeling with MetaEdit+: 10 times faster than UML. http://www.metacase.com/papers/Domain-specific_modeling_10X_faster_ than_UML.pdf, 2008-05-11.
[15] DSMForum. http://www.dsmforum.org/.
[16] Nordstrom G., Sztipanovits J., Karsai G.. Metamodeling– Rapid Design and Evolution of Domain-Specific Modeling Environments. Proceedings of the IEEE ECBS'99 Conference, 1999.
[17] OMG. MOF Specification Version 1.4. 2004-10-02.
[18] Ledeczi A., Bakay A., Maroti M., et al. Composing Domain-Specific Design Environments. IEEE Computer, 2001, 34(11): 44~51.
[19] Tovanen J. P., Rossi M.. MetaEdit+: defining and using domain-specific modeling languages and code generators. Companion of the 18th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, 2003: 92~93.
[20] Cook S., Jones G., Kent S., Wills A.. Domain-specific development with visual studio dsl tools. American: Addison-Wesley, 2007: 20~30.
[21] The EMF Project, http://www.eclipse.org/emf/.
[22] The GMF Project, http://www.eclipse.org/gmf/.
[23] The GEF Project, http://www.eclipse.org/gef/.
[24] The GME Project, www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/Projects/gme/.
[25] Ledeczi A., Maroti M., Bakay A., et al. The Generic Modeling Environment. Workshop on Intelligent Signal Processing, 2001.
[26] Emerson M. J., Sztipanovits J.. Implementing a MOF-Based Metamodeling Environment Using Graph Transformations. The 4th OOPSLA Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling, 2004: 84~93.
[27] Childs A., Greenwald J., Georg J., et al. CALM and Cadena: Metamodeling for Component-Based Product-Line Development. IEEE Computer, 2006, 39(2):42~50.
[28] Neema S., Sztipanovits J., Karsai G.. Constraint-Based Design-Space Exploration and Model Synthesis. EMSOFT2003, LNCS2855:290~305.
[29] Karsai G., Sztipanovits J., Ledeczi A., Bapty T.. Model-Integrated Development of Embedded Software. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2009, 91(1):145~164.
[30] Emerson M. J.. A MOF-Based Metamodeling Environment. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 2004, 10(10): 1357~1382.
[31] Chen K., Sztipanovits J., Abdelwalhed S., et al. Model Driven Architecture– Foundations and Applications: Semantic Anchoring with Model Transformations. Germany: Springer, 2005: 115~129.
[32] Frankel D. S.. Apply MDA to Enterprise Computer. Posts & Telecom Press, 2003: 23~45.
[33]庞世春,刘淑芬.一种领域建模工具的研究与实现.计算机工程,2007,33(18):270~272.
[34]形式方法虚拟图书馆,http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/formal-methods.html.
[35] OMG. UML 2.0 Object Constraint Language Specification, 2006.
[36] Duke R., Rose G., Smith G.. Object-Z: a Specification Language Advocated for the Description of Standards. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 1995, 17(5-6):511~533.
[37] Smith G.. The Object-Z Specification Languag. American: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2000: 23~35.
[38] Vaziri M., Jackson D.. Some Shortcomings of OCL, the Object Constraint Language of UML. A Response to OMG Group RFI on UML, 1999.
[39]陈怡海,缪淮扣.OCL与Object-Z作为UML约束语言的分析比较.计算机科学,2004,31(12):182~185.
[40] Karsai G.. Structured Specification of Model Interpreters. Proceeding of ECBS 99 Conference, IEEE Press, 1999: 84~90.
[41] OMG. Deployment and Configuration of Component-based Distributed Applications Specificationversion 4.0, 2006-04-02.
[42] Parr T.. StringTemplate Template Engine, http://www.stringtemplate.org/.
[2] Gokhale A., Schmidt D. C., Natarajan B., et al. Middleware for communication. American: Wiley Publications, 2004:135~148.
[3] Deng G.. Resolving Component Deployment & Configuration Challenges for Enterprise DRE Systems via Frameworks & Generative Techniques. Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering, 2006:945~948.
[4] Balasubramanian K., Gokhale A., Karsai G., et al. Developing Applications Using Model-Driven Design Environments. IEEE Computer, 2006, 39(2):33~40.
[5] Gokhale A., Douglas C. S., Balachandran N., et al. Applying Model-Integrated Computing to Component Middleware and Enterprise Applications. Communications of the ACM, 2002, 45(10):65~70.
[6] Alan W. B., Kurt C. W.. The Current State of CBSE. IEEE Software, 1998, 15(5):37~46.
[7] Wang G. J., Ungar L., Klawitter D.. Component Assembly for OO Distributed System. IEEE Computer, 1999, 32(7):71~78.
[8] Douglas C. S.. Model-Driven Engineering. IEEE Computer, 2006, 39(2):25~31.
[9] Kelly S.. Comparison of Eclipse EMF/GEF and MetaEdit+ for DSM. 19th Annual ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, Workshop on Best Practices for Model Driven Software Development, 2004.
[10] OMG. MDA Guide Version 1.0.1. 2005-05-02.
[11] Sztipanovits J., Karsai G.. Model-Integrated Computing. IEEE Computer, 1997,30(4):110~112.
[12]刘辉,麻志毅,绍维忠.元建模技术研究进展.软件学报,2008,19(6):1317~1327.
[13] Hayes-Roth R.. Architecture based Acquisition and Development of Software: Guidelines and Recommendations from ARPA Domain-Specific Software Architecture (DSSA) Program. CMU/SEI, 1994.
[14] MetaCase Inc. Domain-Specific modeling with MetaEdit+: 10 times faster than UML. http://www.metacase.com/papers/Domain-specific_modeling_10X_faster_ than_UML.pdf, 2008-05-11.
[15] DSMForum. http://www.dsmforum.org/.
[16] Nordstrom G., Sztipanovits J., Karsai G.. Metamodeling– Rapid Design and Evolution of Domain-Specific Modeling Environments. Proceedings of the IEEE ECBS'99 Conference, 1999.
[17] OMG. MOF Specification Version 1.4. 2004-10-02.
[18] Ledeczi A., Bakay A., Maroti M., et al. Composing Domain-Specific Design Environments. IEEE Computer, 2001, 34(11): 44~51.
[19] Tovanen J. P., Rossi M.. MetaEdit+: defining and using domain-specific modeling languages and code generators. Companion of the 18th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, 2003: 92~93.
[20] Cook S., Jones G., Kent S., Wills A.. Domain-specific development with visual studio dsl tools. American: Addison-Wesley, 2007: 20~30.
[21] The EMF Project, http://www.eclipse.org/emf/.
[22] The GMF Project, http://www.eclipse.org/gmf/.
[23] The GEF Project, http://www.eclipse.org/gef/.
[24] The GME Project, www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/Projects/gme/.
[25] Ledeczi A., Maroti M., Bakay A., et al. The Generic Modeling Environment. Workshop on Intelligent Signal Processing, 2001.
[26] Emerson M. J., Sztipanovits J.. Implementing a MOF-Based Metamodeling Environment Using Graph Transformations. The 4th OOPSLA Workshop on Domain-Specific Modeling, 2004: 84~93.
[27] Childs A., Greenwald J., Georg J., et al. CALM and Cadena: Metamodeling for Component-Based Product-Line Development. IEEE Computer, 2006, 39(2):42~50.
[28] Neema S., Sztipanovits J., Karsai G.. Constraint-Based Design-Space Exploration and Model Synthesis. EMSOFT2003, LNCS2855:290~305.
[29] Karsai G., Sztipanovits J., Ledeczi A., Bapty T.. Model-Integrated Development of Embedded Software. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2009, 91(1):145~164.
[30] Emerson M. J.. A MOF-Based Metamodeling Environment. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 2004, 10(10): 1357~1382.
[31] Chen K., Sztipanovits J., Abdelwalhed S., et al. Model Driven Architecture– Foundations and Applications: Semantic Anchoring with Model Transformations. Germany: Springer, 2005: 115~129.
[32] Frankel D. S.. Apply MDA to Enterprise Computer. Posts & Telecom Press, 2003: 23~45.
[33]庞世春,刘淑芬.一种领域建模工具的研究与实现.计算机工程,2007,33(18):270~272.
[34]形式方法虚拟图书馆,http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/formal-methods.html.
[35] OMG. UML 2.0 Object Constraint Language Specification, 2006.
[36] Duke R., Rose G., Smith G.. Object-Z: a Specification Language Advocated for the Description of Standards. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 1995, 17(5-6):511~533.
[37] Smith G.. The Object-Z Specification Languag. American: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2000: 23~35.
[38] Vaziri M., Jackson D.. Some Shortcomings of OCL, the Object Constraint Language of UML. A Response to OMG Group RFI on UML, 1999.
[39]陈怡海,缪淮扣.OCL与Object-Z作为UML约束语言的分析比较.计算机科学,2004,31(12):182~185.
[40] Karsai G.. Structured Specification of Model Interpreters. Proceeding of ECBS 99 Conference, IEEE Press, 1999: 84~90.
[41] OMG. Deployment and Configuration of Component-based Distributed Applications Specificationversion 4.0, 2006-04-02.
[42] Parr T.. StringTemplate Template Engine, http://www.stringtemplate.org/.
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