光伏阵列及并网逆变器关键技术研究
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摘要
光伏发电技术是新能源应用领域的重要研究课题之一,对于缓解世界范围内的能源危机和环境问题以及实现社会的可持续发展,具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文以光伏阵列和并网逆变器作为研究对象,重点针对光伏阵列的输出特性、仿真模型、优化配置、最大功率点跟踪以及并网逆变器的电流控制策略等问题进行深入的研究。
论文首先针对复杂光照环境下集中式光伏阵列输出特性的理论推导展开研究。将三种不同拓扑结构的光伏阵列作为研究对象,分别以输出电流和输出电压作为串联式光伏阵列和并联式光伏阵列输出特性理论分析的基准,推导了两种光伏阵列在复杂光照环境下的输出特性方程,建立了峰值功率点电压表达式。在此基础上,分析了集中式光伏阵列在复杂光照环境下的输出特性,并围绕峰值功率点提出了相关结论。
建立光伏阵列的仿真模型是分析其输出特性的主要途径。本文在单体光伏电池特性方程及其等效电路的基础上,采用MATLAB M文件建立了光伏组件的仿真模型,进而对串联式光伏阵列进行建模,结合集中式光伏阵列的等效电路,提出了一种基于模块化编程的光伏阵列仿真模型。仿真结果表明,该模型适用于不同拓扑结构和光照环境下光伏阵列的仿真,具有普适性。
随着光伏发电系统应用环境的复杂化,局部阴影已成为制约光伏阵列发电效率的主要问题之一。本文结合光伏阵列输出特性的理论推导及仿真模型,通过对具有相同额定功率和拓扑结构的光伏阵列在不同光照分布下的输出功率进行分析,提出了工程应用中光伏阵列选型及安装等方面的优化配置原则,提高了光伏阵列在复杂环境下的输出功率。
针对光伏组件功率输出的单峰特性,在综合考虑系统响应速度和控制精度的基础上,本文提出了一种基于改进型最优梯度法最大功率点跟踪算法,并通过仿真验证了算法的可行性。针对复杂光照环境下光伏阵列功率输出的多峰特性,提出了一种多重区间最大功率点跟踪算法,仿真结果表明,该算法提高了系统的响应速度,适用于任意光照环境下光伏阵列的最大功率点跟踪。
逆变器电流控制策略是光伏并网发电研究的关键技术之一。本文总结了预测电流控制算法的构建原则,通过对目标电流误差方程和目标输出电压方程的构建形式进行改进,提出了一种单相并网逆变器预测电流控制模型,分析了影响控制模型稳定性的关键因素,总结了控制模型对电感参数不匹配的容忍度与各模型参数之间的关系,并通过MATLAB仿真以及实验平台进行了验证,为工程应用中器件参数的选取提供了理论依据。
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology is one of the most important research topics in the field of renewable energy, which is significant in theory and practice to mitigate the world-wide energy crisis and environmental problem, as well as achieve the sustainable development of society. PV array and grid-connected inverter in PV system are researched in this thesis, in which focuses on output characteristics, optimization, simulation model, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of PV array, and current control strategies of grid-connected inverter.
The theoretical derivation of central PV array's output characteristics under complicated illumination environment is firstly studied in the thesis. According to the different structures of PV array, the output characteristic equations of serial PV array and parallel PV array under complicated illumination environment is derived which is based on the output current and output voltage respectively; then the distribution and voltage expression of peak power points is summarized; Finally, the output characteristics of central PV array under complicated illumination environment is analyzed and related conclusions of peak power points are proposed.
Simulation modeling is the key approach to research the output characteristics of PV array. The simulation model of PV module using MATLAB M file is established and it is based on the characteristic equation and equivalent circuit of PV cell; and then the model of serial PV array is given. According to the equivalent circuit of central PV array, a modularized programming model of central PV array is proposed. Simulation result demonstrates that the proposed model is suitable for different PV array structures and illumination distributions.
Aiming at the complicated application environment of PV systems, local shadow becomes one of the main problems which restrict the generating efficiency of PV arrays. The output power of PV arrays with identical rated power and structure under different illumination distribution is analyzed by both theoretical derivation and simulation. Optimization rules of PV array's prototype and installation in engineering applications are proposed, which can improve the output power of PV array under complicated illumination environment.
A new maximum power point tracking algorithm based on improved optimum gradient method is proposed for the unimodal characteristic of PV module in the case of considering both control accuracy and response speed, the feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation. In light of the multimodal characteristic of PV array under complicated illumination environment, a multi-interval MPPT algorithm is proposed, simulation result demonstrates that the proposed MPPT algorithm can improve the response speed of maximum power point tracking, and can be used in arbitrary illumination environment.
Current control strategy of inverter is one of the key technologies for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation. The principle to design the predictive current control algorithm is summarized, and by means of improving the expressions for target current error and target output voltage, this thesis proposes a predictive current control model of single-phase grid-connected inverter. The key factors which influence the stability of control model are analyzed, and the interaction between model parameters and the tolerance of inductance mismatching is concluded. Finally, the proposed predictive current control model is verified by both MATLAB simulation and experimental platform, which provides theoretical basis for the selection of device parameters in engineering application.
论文首先针对复杂光照环境下集中式光伏阵列输出特性的理论推导展开研究。将三种不同拓扑结构的光伏阵列作为研究对象,分别以输出电流和输出电压作为串联式光伏阵列和并联式光伏阵列输出特性理论分析的基准,推导了两种光伏阵列在复杂光照环境下的输出特性方程,建立了峰值功率点电压表达式。在此基础上,分析了集中式光伏阵列在复杂光照环境下的输出特性,并围绕峰值功率点提出了相关结论。
建立光伏阵列的仿真模型是分析其输出特性的主要途径。本文在单体光伏电池特性方程及其等效电路的基础上,采用MATLAB M文件建立了光伏组件的仿真模型,进而对串联式光伏阵列进行建模,结合集中式光伏阵列的等效电路,提出了一种基于模块化编程的光伏阵列仿真模型。仿真结果表明,该模型适用于不同拓扑结构和光照环境下光伏阵列的仿真,具有普适性。
随着光伏发电系统应用环境的复杂化,局部阴影已成为制约光伏阵列发电效率的主要问题之一。本文结合光伏阵列输出特性的理论推导及仿真模型,通过对具有相同额定功率和拓扑结构的光伏阵列在不同光照分布下的输出功率进行分析,提出了工程应用中光伏阵列选型及安装等方面的优化配置原则,提高了光伏阵列在复杂环境下的输出功率。
针对光伏组件功率输出的单峰特性,在综合考虑系统响应速度和控制精度的基础上,本文提出了一种基于改进型最优梯度法最大功率点跟踪算法,并通过仿真验证了算法的可行性。针对复杂光照环境下光伏阵列功率输出的多峰特性,提出了一种多重区间最大功率点跟踪算法,仿真结果表明,该算法提高了系统的响应速度,适用于任意光照环境下光伏阵列的最大功率点跟踪。
逆变器电流控制策略是光伏并网发电研究的关键技术之一。本文总结了预测电流控制算法的构建原则,通过对目标电流误差方程和目标输出电压方程的构建形式进行改进,提出了一种单相并网逆变器预测电流控制模型,分析了影响控制模型稳定性的关键因素,总结了控制模型对电感参数不匹配的容忍度与各模型参数之间的关系,并通过MATLAB仿真以及实验平台进行了验证,为工程应用中器件参数的选取提供了理论依据。
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology is one of the most important research topics in the field of renewable energy, which is significant in theory and practice to mitigate the world-wide energy crisis and environmental problem, as well as achieve the sustainable development of society. PV array and grid-connected inverter in PV system are researched in this thesis, in which focuses on output characteristics, optimization, simulation model, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of PV array, and current control strategies of grid-connected inverter.
The theoretical derivation of central PV array's output characteristics under complicated illumination environment is firstly studied in the thesis. According to the different structures of PV array, the output characteristic equations of serial PV array and parallel PV array under complicated illumination environment is derived which is based on the output current and output voltage respectively; then the distribution and voltage expression of peak power points is summarized; Finally, the output characteristics of central PV array under complicated illumination environment is analyzed and related conclusions of peak power points are proposed.
Simulation modeling is the key approach to research the output characteristics of PV array. The simulation model of PV module using MATLAB M file is established and it is based on the characteristic equation and equivalent circuit of PV cell; and then the model of serial PV array is given. According to the equivalent circuit of central PV array, a modularized programming model of central PV array is proposed. Simulation result demonstrates that the proposed model is suitable for different PV array structures and illumination distributions.
Aiming at the complicated application environment of PV systems, local shadow becomes one of the main problems which restrict the generating efficiency of PV arrays. The output power of PV arrays with identical rated power and structure under different illumination distribution is analyzed by both theoretical derivation and simulation. Optimization rules of PV array's prototype and installation in engineering applications are proposed, which can improve the output power of PV array under complicated illumination environment.
A new maximum power point tracking algorithm based on improved optimum gradient method is proposed for the unimodal characteristic of PV module in the case of considering both control accuracy and response speed, the feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation. In light of the multimodal characteristic of PV array under complicated illumination environment, a multi-interval MPPT algorithm is proposed, simulation result demonstrates that the proposed MPPT algorithm can improve the response speed of maximum power point tracking, and can be used in arbitrary illumination environment.
Current control strategy of inverter is one of the key technologies for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation. The principle to design the predictive current control algorithm is summarized, and by means of improving the expressions for target current error and target output voltage, this thesis proposes a predictive current control model of single-phase grid-connected inverter. The key factors which influence the stability of control model are analyzed, and the interaction between model parameters and the tolerance of inductance mismatching is concluded. Finally, the proposed predictive current control model is verified by both MATLAB simulation and experimental platform, which provides theoretical basis for the selection of device parameters in engineering application.
引文
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