我国居住地产项目规划与建筑设计流程研究
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摘要
随着居住市场化的不断深入、房地产业的迅速崛起,我国居住地产建设正以前所未有的速度和规模发展着。面对市场的激烈竞争,设计行业必须快速和高效地对市场需求做出反应并形成满足规范、成本和时间限制的设计成果。但是,当前普遍存在的设计行为秩序混乱、设计行为反复循环规模过大、设计成果与目标严重偏离的现象,造成大量的时间和社会资源的浪费。如何优质、高效地形成设计成果,是现今设计行业面对的巨大挑战和必须解决的行业问题。因此,以行为、关系、秩序、效率为研究对象、能有效解决上述问题的“流程”研究就显得至关重要。
论文针对国内目前设计现状和大量实际项目案例展开调查研究,剖析产生问题的原因。在辩证分析国外先进理论的积极意义和不适性的基础上,将国内实践与国外先进理论相结合,进而归纳、整理并提出适合我国国情的、开放的、且顺应未来发展的居住地产项目规划与建筑设计流程框架体系。
论文结合我国居住地产项目规划与建筑设计与流程研究现状,提出必须强化“流程”观念和对“流程”的认识,探讨适于我国的实践研究方法。依据对经验建筑师的调研和访谈,建立较低层级关键性设计行为和经验时序数据库。阐析设计行为之间的依赖和制约关系以解决行为往复问题。深入分析各设计阶段关键性制约因素对设计行为产生的影响,提出控制要点和子流程以防制约因素缺失。建立各设计阶段行为信息输出数据库,以保障设计成果信息传递的完整性与流畅性。并依此绘制流程图。
论文力图用“流程”的思维方法来解决居住地产项目中的实际问题,希望通过提高预判断的准确性,使规划与建筑设计工作尽可能少走弯路,避免设计工作和项目进程中的非必要往复行为,提高设计的效率和质量。
When the author determinded the study topic, accompany with marketing-oriented trend of the living, and the rapid rise of the real estate industry in China, the construstion of living real estate was growing rapidly at an unprecedented speed. Most chinese architects are facing the situation of shorter design cycle with heavier designing tasks, which they had never experienced before. There are large quantity of non-essenial, duplicate work in their design cycle, thus lead to the huge amount of losses of time and ecomomic costs in designing work and costruction process. The non-effective way of working even generates the big waste of man power,and natural resources, which would be the irrevisible regret for the society. The solutions of the effctive design process has been a concern of the reaserch field abroad. In our country, some people just start on working and there is still a long way to go in this area . As reaserchers, to study the effective processes of planning and designing of living estate projects has been of great urgency.
The first part of the thesis reviews the history of the theoritical and practical activities in the field of architecture design processes in foriegn countries. By collecting and sorting a large quantities of references from abroad, the thesis reviewed carded and analyzed the developing fingerprint and skeleton, background information and technical methodologies of those advanced theories and related practical exploration. The thesis also explains in deepth the priciple of those methodologies and the core of the theories. The meaning of the study is to analyse the concern points and trend of the development, explore the understanding of the concept and the idea of the process. It help us to get references rationally.
The second part of the thesis summarized the current status of the planning and designing process of the living estate projects in our country. Those chaose behavior in designing along with reversing, duplicating,low efficiency, unsmooth process lead to fault sequences in desiging processes, missing of design tasks and phases, and unexpected duplication.
The thesis analyzes the reasons which casued those severe problems furtherly.
After the summarization, the thesis compares the current status of the reaserch in our country and the foriegn contries in the field of construction design process, by studying the concepts, methodologies, concern aspects on both sides. The thesis indicates the positive meaning of the references from foriegn countries, in the mean time, by considering the current status of our country, the thesis also brings up the existing problem of those references from foriegn countries. Considering the exsiting problems in the practical working experiences, with rational judgement and dialectical analysis and comparisons, the thesis proposes practical and open strategy of the process that comply with the future development trend, which suitable for the real status of our country. Including well knewing to the process concept, firmly definiting to the proper reaserch methodologies, highly valuing and summerizing of the low level behavior, solving of the reversing problem based on the interreaction of various behavior, considering and confirming restricted factors, getting integrity and fluency of the transformation of the designing archives, etc.
To emphasize, the thesis aims of highlight、widespread the idea of process as a way of thinking in the field of living real estate projects even architecture design circle. So that we can practise with the guideline,to solve the practical problems in the living real estate projects with process as an entire concept. The purpose of the the writing is to supply a valuable references for the industry, and the architects whom doing the practical job in the living real estate projects. More or less, it would be a great pleasure to the writer.
论文针对国内目前设计现状和大量实际项目案例展开调查研究,剖析产生问题的原因。在辩证分析国外先进理论的积极意义和不适性的基础上,将国内实践与国外先进理论相结合,进而归纳、整理并提出适合我国国情的、开放的、且顺应未来发展的居住地产项目规划与建筑设计流程框架体系。
论文结合我国居住地产项目规划与建筑设计与流程研究现状,提出必须强化“流程”观念和对“流程”的认识,探讨适于我国的实践研究方法。依据对经验建筑师的调研和访谈,建立较低层级关键性设计行为和经验时序数据库。阐析设计行为之间的依赖和制约关系以解决行为往复问题。深入分析各设计阶段关键性制约因素对设计行为产生的影响,提出控制要点和子流程以防制约因素缺失。建立各设计阶段行为信息输出数据库,以保障设计成果信息传递的完整性与流畅性。并依此绘制流程图。
论文力图用“流程”的思维方法来解决居住地产项目中的实际问题,希望通过提高预判断的准确性,使规划与建筑设计工作尽可能少走弯路,避免设计工作和项目进程中的非必要往复行为,提高设计的效率和质量。
When the author determinded the study topic, accompany with marketing-oriented trend of the living, and the rapid rise of the real estate industry in China, the construstion of living real estate was growing rapidly at an unprecedented speed. Most chinese architects are facing the situation of shorter design cycle with heavier designing tasks, which they had never experienced before. There are large quantity of non-essenial, duplicate work in their design cycle, thus lead to the huge amount of losses of time and ecomomic costs in designing work and costruction process. The non-effective way of working even generates the big waste of man power,and natural resources, which would be the irrevisible regret for the society. The solutions of the effctive design process has been a concern of the reaserch field abroad. In our country, some people just start on working and there is still a long way to go in this area . As reaserchers, to study the effective processes of planning and designing of living estate projects has been of great urgency.
The first part of the thesis reviews the history of the theoritical and practical activities in the field of architecture design processes in foriegn countries. By collecting and sorting a large quantities of references from abroad, the thesis reviewed carded and analyzed the developing fingerprint and skeleton, background information and technical methodologies of those advanced theories and related practical exploration. The thesis also explains in deepth the priciple of those methodologies and the core of the theories. The meaning of the study is to analyse the concern points and trend of the development, explore the understanding of the concept and the idea of the process. It help us to get references rationally.
The second part of the thesis summarized the current status of the planning and designing process of the living estate projects in our country. Those chaose behavior in designing along with reversing, duplicating,low efficiency, unsmooth process lead to fault sequences in desiging processes, missing of design tasks and phases, and unexpected duplication.
The thesis analyzes the reasons which casued those severe problems furtherly.
After the summarization, the thesis compares the current status of the reaserch in our country and the foriegn contries in the field of construction design process, by studying the concepts, methodologies, concern aspects on both sides. The thesis indicates the positive meaning of the references from foriegn countries, in the mean time, by considering the current status of our country, the thesis also brings up the existing problem of those references from foriegn countries. Considering the exsiting problems in the practical working experiences, with rational judgement and dialectical analysis and comparisons, the thesis proposes practical and open strategy of the process that comply with the future development trend, which suitable for the real status of our country. Including well knewing to the process concept, firmly definiting to the proper reaserch methodologies, highly valuing and summerizing of the low level behavior, solving of the reversing problem based on the interreaction of various behavior, considering and confirming restricted factors, getting integrity and fluency of the transformation of the designing archives, etc.
To emphasize, the thesis aims of highlight、widespread the idea of process as a way of thinking in the field of living real estate projects even architecture design circle. So that we can practise with the guideline,to solve the practical problems in the living real estate projects with process as an entire concept. The purpose of the the writing is to supply a valuable references for the industry, and the architects whom doing the practical job in the living real estate projects. More or less, it would be a great pleasure to the writer.
引文
6《中华人民共和国人类住区发展报告》第三章第三节
7任志强的博客
8《让居住改变中国》冯仑
15中国统计年鉴2001中国统计出版社2002.215
16《全国第五次人口普查报告》
17根据土地利用变更调查结果,2005年全国耕地12208.27万公顷(18.31亿亩)
18《2005年中国国土资源公报》网址:http://www.pre.org.cn/ziyuan/show.asp?id=35431
19《2005年中国城市地价状况分析》,摘自《中国房地产发展报告NO3》,社会科学文献出版社独家授权中国网刊载,http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/fdcbg/1268299.htm
20新浪房产网,《北京06年土地供应计划:高档住宅用地供应受限》
27吴良镛《世纪之交展望建筑学的未来——国际建协第20届大会主旨报告》.建筑学报.1999.8
31贝塔朗菲著,林京义、魏宏森译,一般系统论,清华大学出版社,1987年
32中国住宅产业网http://www.chinahouse.gov.cn/童悦仲:《住宅产业现代化发展节能省地型住宅的助推器》
33《业务流程重组》,Michael Hammer, James Champy
34庄惟敏《建筑策划导论》
35杨劲,吴子燕,孙树栋.建筑工程设计规划研究【J】l系统工程理论与实践.2005,(1O):125—130.
40参考Eppinger对设计行为间可能产生的序列的分类
46参考《Manipulating the flow of design information to improve the programming of building design》
47古阪秀三,设计和施工统合的相关研究,[日]建筑杂志/vol.114.1353/1999年8月号,p74-75
48参考Austin, S., Baldwin, A. and Newton, A. (1994) Manipulating the flow of design infonnation to improve the programming of building design (《通过设计信息流的操作来改善建筑设计的程序》),Construction Management and Economics, 12(5), 445-55.182
49 Alkayyali, O.J., Mansour, W.O. and Minkarah, LA. (1993)《How effective is CPM in planning and controlling construction projects?》,(《CPM在计划和控制建设项目中是多么的有效》)in Proceedings of the CIB W-65 Conference, Trinidad September, pp. 849-859.
50 BEDC Report. Achieving Quality on Building Sites[R] . Building and Economic Development Committee , 1987.
56参考1998年Baldwin, A., Austin, S.Baizhan Li, Waskett,P.《解析设计计划技术:运用制约和依赖关系矩阵计划建筑设计流程》。
57参考1998年Baldwin, A., Austin, S.Baizhan Li, Waskett,P.《解析设计计划技术:运用制约和依赖关系矩阵计划建筑设计流程》。
58 analytical design planning technique,解析设计计划技术,详述见后文
59《The Story Of Managing Projects: An Interdisciplinary Approach》,Elias G. Carayannis, Young-Hoon Kwak,ITALY
60同上
61Austin, S., Baldwin, A. and Newton, A. (1994) Manipulating the flow of design infonnation to improve the programming of building design (《通过设计信息流的操作来改善建筑设计的程序》),Construction Management and Economics, 12(5), 445-55.182 Austin et al.
75张鹰,木本健二,长冈弘明等,同时进行型建筑生产过程中业务实施的支援方法,日本建筑学会大会学术讲演梗概集,8007,1996年9月,p963-964
76柏崎孝史,建筑信息模型,[日]建筑杂志/vol.109.1353/1994年2月
77同上
79 Takashi Kaneta,* Shuzo Furusaka, Hiroaki Nagaoka,etd,Process Model of Design and Construction Activities of a Building1999, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 14
80 Takashi Kaneta,* Shuzo Furusaka, Hiroaki Nagaoka,etd,Process Model of Design and Construction Activities of a Building1999, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 14
81 Austin, S., Baldwin, A., Li, B. and Waskett, P. (1999b) Analytical design planning technique (ADePT): programming the building design process(.《解析设计计划技术(ADePT):对建筑设计流程的计划》)Structures and Building, 134(2), 111-8.
95见潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
96广州市设计院潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
97见第四章
98见潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
99见潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
100参考《Manipulating the flow of design information to improve the programming of building design》
101《The Story Of Managing Projects: An Interdisciplinary Approach》作者:Elias G. Carayannis, Young-Hoon Kwak, Frank T. Anbari
102《BRIEF REF LECTION ON IMPROVEMENT OF DESIGN PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN BRAZILIAN BUILDING PROJECTS》Brief Reflection on the Improvement of the Design Process Efficiency in Brazilian Building Projects Proceedings IGLC-7 345
103巴西圣保罗大学土木工程系博士
107关于设计流程的探索性研究,付小兰,《美与时代》2004年09期
108《BRIEF REFLECTION ON IMPROVEMENT OF DESIGN PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN BRAZILIAN BUILDING PROJECTS》Márcio M. Fabricio1, Silvio B. Melhado2, and Josaphat L. Baía3
109《建筑工程并行设计过程规划与仿真研究》吴子燕,覃小文,刘中峰,胡章彬
110古阪秀三,设计和施工统合的相关研究,[日]建筑杂志/vol.114.1353/1999年8月号,p74-75
115A.N. BALDWIN等人在《A DATA FLOW MODEL TO PLAN AND MANAGE THE BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS》评价
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[1]路陶鹏,小城镇人居环境改善住宅建筑设计过程信息流模型研究,硕士学位论文,重庆大学,2006年
[2]张涛,居住建筑的设计过程与方法对设计成果的影响研究,硕士学位论文,西安建筑科技大学,2007年
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7任志强的博客
8《让居住改变中国》冯仑
15中国统计年鉴2001中国统计出版社2002.215
16《全国第五次人口普查报告》
17根据土地利用变更调查结果,2005年全国耕地12208.27万公顷(18.31亿亩)
18《2005年中国国土资源公报》网址:http://www.pre.org.cn/ziyuan/show.asp?id=35431
19《2005年中国城市地价状况分析》,摘自《中国房地产发展报告NO3》,社会科学文献出版社独家授权中国网刊载,http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/fdcbg/1268299.htm
20新浪房产网,《北京06年土地供应计划:高档住宅用地供应受限》
27吴良镛《世纪之交展望建筑学的未来——国际建协第20届大会主旨报告》.建筑学报.1999.8
31贝塔朗菲著,林京义、魏宏森译,一般系统论,清华大学出版社,1987年
32中国住宅产业网http://www.chinahouse.gov.cn/童悦仲:《住宅产业现代化发展节能省地型住宅的助推器》
33《业务流程重组》,Michael Hammer, James Champy
34庄惟敏《建筑策划导论》
35杨劲,吴子燕,孙树栋.建筑工程设计规划研究【J】l系统工程理论与实践.2005,(1O):125—130.
40参考Eppinger对设计行为间可能产生的序列的分类
46参考《Manipulating the flow of design information to improve the programming of building design》
47古阪秀三,设计和施工统合的相关研究,[日]建筑杂志/vol.114.1353/1999年8月号,p74-75
48参考Austin, S., Baldwin, A. and Newton, A. (1994) Manipulating the flow of design infonnation to improve the programming of building design (《通过设计信息流的操作来改善建筑设计的程序》),Construction Management and Economics, 12(5), 445-55.182
49 Alkayyali, O.J., Mansour, W.O. and Minkarah, LA. (1993)《How effective is CPM in planning and controlling construction projects?》,(《CPM在计划和控制建设项目中是多么的有效》)in Proceedings of the CIB W-65 Conference, Trinidad September, pp. 849-859.
50 BEDC Report. Achieving Quality on Building Sites[R] . Building and Economic Development Committee , 1987.
56参考1998年Baldwin, A., Austin, S.Baizhan Li, Waskett,P.《解析设计计划技术:运用制约和依赖关系矩阵计划建筑设计流程》。
57参考1998年Baldwin, A., Austin, S.Baizhan Li, Waskett,P.《解析设计计划技术:运用制约和依赖关系矩阵计划建筑设计流程》。
58 analytical design planning technique,解析设计计划技术,详述见后文
59《The Story Of Managing Projects: An Interdisciplinary Approach》,Elias G. Carayannis, Young-Hoon Kwak,ITALY
60同上
61Austin, S., Baldwin, A. and Newton, A. (1994) Manipulating the flow of design infonnation to improve the programming of building design (《通过设计信息流的操作来改善建筑设计的程序》),Construction Management and Economics, 12(5), 445-55.182 Austin et al.
75张鹰,木本健二,长冈弘明等,同时进行型建筑生产过程中业务实施的支援方法,日本建筑学会大会学术讲演梗概集,8007,1996年9月,p963-964
76柏崎孝史,建筑信息模型,[日]建筑杂志/vol.109.1353/1994年2月
77同上
79 Takashi Kaneta,* Shuzo Furusaka, Hiroaki Nagaoka,etd,Process Model of Design and Construction Activities of a Building1999, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 14
80 Takashi Kaneta,* Shuzo Furusaka, Hiroaki Nagaoka,etd,Process Model of Design and Construction Activities of a Building1999, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 14
81 Austin, S., Baldwin, A., Li, B. and Waskett, P. (1999b) Analytical design planning technique (ADePT): programming the building design process(.《解析设计计划技术(ADePT):对建筑设计流程的计划》)Structures and Building, 134(2), 111-8.
95见潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
96广州市设计院潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
97见第四章
98见潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
99见潘文蔚《培养建筑学专业人才进行总图设计》
100参考《Manipulating the flow of design information to improve the programming of building design》
101《The Story Of Managing Projects: An Interdisciplinary Approach》作者:Elias G. Carayannis, Young-Hoon Kwak, Frank T. Anbari
102《BRIEF REF LECTION ON IMPROVEMENT OF DESIGN PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN BRAZILIAN BUILDING PROJECTS》Brief Reflection on the Improvement of the Design Process Efficiency in Brazilian Building Projects Proceedings IGLC-7 345
103巴西圣保罗大学土木工程系博士
107关于设计流程的探索性研究,付小兰,《美与时代》2004年09期
108《BRIEF REFLECTION ON IMPROVEMENT OF DESIGN PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN BRAZILIAN BUILDING PROJECTS》Márcio M. Fabricio1, Silvio B. Melhado2, and Josaphat L. Baía3
109《建筑工程并行设计过程规划与仿真研究》吴子燕,覃小文,刘中峰,胡章彬
110古阪秀三,设计和施工统合的相关研究,[日]建筑杂志/vol.114.1353/1999年8月号,p74-75
115A.N. BALDWIN等人在《A DATA FLOW MODEL TO PLAN AND MANAGE THE BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS》评价
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