电动流动分析系统研究及其在防腐剂分离测定中的应用
|
摘要
电动流动分析系统是基于顺序注射分析、电动多通道分析、电渗泵驱动和整体柱分离的新型流动全分析系统,它设备简单便携、易于实现自动化。论文研究了电动流动分析系统和毛细管电泳联用在线分离测定食品和化妆品中防腐剂的分析方法,探讨了石英砂填充原位聚合C_8反相电色谱硅胶整体柱的制备条件,建立了加压整体微柱反相电色谱分离测定对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂的分析方法。
(1)流动注射分析-固相萃取-胶束电动毛细管色谱分离测定化妆品防腐剂
建立基于流动注射分析、固相萃取和胶束电动毛细管色谱在线前处理和分离测定化妆品中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、乙酯和丙酯的分析方法。通过自行设计的分流式接口实现了C_8固相萃取柱和胶束电动毛细管色谱的联用,该接口不仅可避免缓冲溶液被样品溶液污染而且还可节省缓冲溶液用量,这对含有贵重试剂(如手性试剂等)的缓冲体系特别适用。通过在线固相萃取预处理,不但减少了化妆品复杂基体对分析物的干扰而且也提高防腐剂样品的富集倍数。实验表明,三种酯类防腐剂可在含100 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠的20 mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液(pH9.3)中达到基线分离;洗脱剂为150μL,含60%乙醇(v/v)的10mmol/L硼砂溶液(pH 9.3),洗脱速度为0.75 mL/min。为提高方法的准确度,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(BP)作为内标物加入到标准和实际样品溶液中,并对使用内标物和不使用内标物方法的分析参数和实际样品的回收率进行比较。
(2)电动流动分析-固相萃取-胶束电动毛细管色谱分离测定食品防腐剂
建立了基于电动流动分析、固相萃取和胶束电动毛细管色谱在线分离测定食品中的六种防腐剂的分析方法。电动流动分析系统由一台自制电渗泵、五个电磁切换阀和一个固相萃取微柱组成,电渗泵和电磁切换阀由计算机通过自制接口卡和自编VC语言程序控制。采用低试剂消耗接口,每次分析缓冲溶液用量降低到130μL。使用对羟基苯甲酸(PBA)为内标物,方法可在15 min内分离测定六种防腐剂,峰面积相对标准偏差小于3.4%,检出限范围为0.04～0.1μg/mL,实际样品的回收率为91.4～104%。
(3)电动流动分析-离子对试剂固相萃取-毛细管区带电泳分离测定食晶中的苯甲酸和山梨酸
建立了基于电动流动分析、离子对试剂固相萃取和毛细管区带电泳在线分离测定食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸的分析方法。使用自制的固相萃取单元,可使固相萃取前处理过程和毛细管电泳分离过程同步进行。四丁基溴化铵作为离子对试剂加入样品溶液中以提高苯甲酸和山梨酸在固相萃取柱上的保留。该方法使用PBA为内标物,成功应用于食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸的分析测定,峰面积的相对标准偏差小于3.1%,浓度检出限为10-20 ng/mL。
(4)石英砂填充原位聚合C_8反相电色谱硅胶整体柱制备
建立了用四乙氧基硅烷和正辛基三乙氧基硅烷酸-碱催化水解两步法原位聚合制备C_8反相硅胶整体柱的方法。系统考察了反应物组成、酸度和水解时间对整体柱合成的影响。最佳制各条件为:0.5 mL四乙氧基硅烷,0.4 mL正辛基三乙氧基硅烷,0.6 mL乙醇,0.093 mL,0.33 mol/L的HCl搅拌均匀后,60℃水解4 h;冷却到室温,取混合溶液0.5 mL,加入50 mg十二胺,60℃聚合48 h。在此条件下制备的硅胶整体柱是相互交联的网络状骨架结构并且机械强度大,结构表征和组分分析结果证明该柱满足色谱分离的要求。在硅胶整体柱合成的基础上,通过填充100-120μm细石英砂,在2.0 mm内径石英管内制备了石英砂整体微柱。填充细石英砂不仅克服了硅胶整体柱聚合过程中收缩引起的柱体与石英管壁之间产生裂隙的问题,而且在电色谱分离过程中还降低了热效应。
(5)加压整体微柱电色谱分离测定对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂
建立了基于加压电色谱分离和在线紫外检测分离测定对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂的分析方法。考察了有机溶剂含量、流动相浓度和pH值、流速以及电场强度对分离的影响。以电渗流和压力流联合驱动流动相,实现了加压反相整体微柱电色谱分离,改善了峰型,克服了微柱电色谱电渗流较小的不足,避免了过高的电流热效应。用含20%乙腈(v/v)的1.0 mmol/L的Tris缓冲液(pH 8.5)为流动相,该整体电色谱微柱成功分离了对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、乙酯和丙酯三种酯类防腐剂。
The electrokinetic flow analysis(EFA)system based on the flow analysis techniques of sequencial injection analysis,multicommutation and electroosmotic pump and the chromatographic separation with silica monolithic column is developing to be a total portable analysis system.The EFA system is simple, convenient and easy to be controlled automatically.In this dissertation,the analytical methods of the separation and determination for preservatives in food and cosmetic products are proposed by combining the EFA system with capillary electrophoresis or reversed-phase electrochromatography.The preparation conditions of reversed-phase silica monolithic microcolumn filled with fine quartz sand are studied.And the prepared microcolumn has been employed in the separation of parabens by reversed-phase electrochromatography(EC)successfully.
1.An analytical method of on-line pretreatment and determination of three parabens(i.e.methyl,ethyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoate)in cosmetic products is proposed by using flow injection analysis(FIA),solid phase extraction(SPE)and micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC).An improved homemade split-flow interface is used to couple solid phase extraction(SPE)of C_8 bonded silica with MEKC separation,which can avoid the separation buffer contamination and reduce the buffer consumption,especially,for the buffers containing expensive reagents.The samples are pretreated by the SPE and eluted with the eluent of 10 mmol/L sodium tetraborate buffer(pH 9.3)containing 60%(v/v)ethanol at 0.75 mL/min,and the parabens are separated on baseline with the running buffer of 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate(pH 9.3)containing 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate(BP)is used as an internal standard added into the standard and real sample solutions to improve accuracy of the method.The analytical characteristic of this FIA-SPE-MEKC method and the recoveries with and without the internal standard were compared.
2.A combined analysis system of electrokinetic flow analysis,solid phase extraction and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography is proposed to determine six preservatives in food samples.The electrokinetic flow analysis system consists of one homemade electroosmotic pump,five solenoid valves and a solid-phase extraction(SPE)microcolumn.The electroosmotic pump and solenoid valves are controlled by a personal computer with a homemade interface card and a Visual C program written by our group.With a modified interface of EFA and CZE, the buffer consumption can be reduced to 130μL for each running.The running buffer of MEKC is 20 mmol/L disodium tetraborate(pH 9.3)containing 100 mmol/L SDS.p-Hydroxybenzoic acid(PBA)is adopted as an internal standard(IS).The proposed method can separate and determine the preservatives within 15 min,having the relative standard deviation(RSD)of peak area less than 3.4%(n=5),limits of detection(LODs)ranged from 0.04 to 0.1μg/mL(S/N=3,n=11)and recoveries in the range of 91.4%and 104%.
3.A combined analysis system of electrokinetic flow analysis,ion-pair solid phase extraction and capillary zone electrophoresis is proposed to determine benzoic acid and sorbic acid in food samples.The electrokinetic flow analysis system consists of one electroosmotic pump,five solenoid valves and one on-line solid-phase extraction(SPE)unit.By using the SPE unit,the SPE operation and CZE separation can be performed simultaneously.Tetrabutylammonium bromide is adopted as an ion pair reagent to improve the retention of the preservatives on C_8-bonded silica sorbent. The preservatives are separated and determined under optimized conditions with p-hydroxybenzoic acid as an internal standard.The relative standard deviation(RSD). of peak area for each analyte is less than 3.1%(n=5)and the limits of detection (LODs)range from 10 to 20 ng mL~(-1)(S/N=3,n=11).
4.Silica monolithic columns functionalized with octyl groups are synthesized by a two-step hydrolysis/condensation of tetrathoxyailane(TEOS)and n-octyltriethoxysiliane(C_8-TEOS)catalyzed with acid and base conditions.The influence factors in the sol-gel procedure,such as the reactant composition,hydrolysis acitity and time are investigated systematically.The optimal preparation conditions are as follows:0.5 mL TEOS,0.4 mL C_8-TEOS,0.6 mL ethanol,0.093 mL-0.33 mol/L HCl are mixed,hydrolyzed at 60℃for 4 h and cooled to room temperature.50 mg n-dodecylamine is added into 0.5 mL above solution,and then the mixed solution is introduced into a PTFE mold and polymerized for at 60℃48 h.The results of micromorphology and element analysis validate that the microcolumn can be employed in the chromatographic separation.Based on the preparation of the silica monolithic column mentioned above,the silica monolithic microcolumns are prepared in 2.0 mm i.d.fused silica tube filled with 100-120μm quartz sand.The microcolumn shrinkage in the fused silica tube can be avoided during the condensation process and the heating effect can also be eliminated by filling the fine quartz sand.
5.A pressure-assisted separation system with the electrochromatographic monolithic microcolumn and on-line UV detection is designed and established to separate and determine parabens.The influence factors of the separation are explored, such as organic solvent and concentration,buffer pH and concentration,flow rate and electric field strength.Associated-pressure is adopted to drive the mobile phase in reversed-phase electrochromatography,which can improve the separation efficiency. On the other hand,the heating effect is limited in the separation column by using an appropriate separation voltage.The separation results were satisfying with the electrochromatographic microcolumns.The parabens are separated on baseline using the reversed-phase silica monolithic microcolumns with the mobile phase of 1.0 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 8.5)containing 20%(v/v)acetonitrile.
(1)流动注射分析-固相萃取-胶束电动毛细管色谱分离测定化妆品防腐剂
建立基于流动注射分析、固相萃取和胶束电动毛细管色谱在线前处理和分离测定化妆品中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、乙酯和丙酯的分析方法。通过自行设计的分流式接口实现了C_8固相萃取柱和胶束电动毛细管色谱的联用,该接口不仅可避免缓冲溶液被样品溶液污染而且还可节省缓冲溶液用量,这对含有贵重试剂(如手性试剂等)的缓冲体系特别适用。通过在线固相萃取预处理,不但减少了化妆品复杂基体对分析物的干扰而且也提高防腐剂样品的富集倍数。实验表明,三种酯类防腐剂可在含100 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠的20 mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液(pH9.3)中达到基线分离;洗脱剂为150μL,含60%乙醇(v/v)的10mmol/L硼砂溶液(pH 9.3),洗脱速度为0.75 mL/min。为提高方法的准确度,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(BP)作为内标物加入到标准和实际样品溶液中,并对使用内标物和不使用内标物方法的分析参数和实际样品的回收率进行比较。
(2)电动流动分析-固相萃取-胶束电动毛细管色谱分离测定食品防腐剂
建立了基于电动流动分析、固相萃取和胶束电动毛细管色谱在线分离测定食品中的六种防腐剂的分析方法。电动流动分析系统由一台自制电渗泵、五个电磁切换阀和一个固相萃取微柱组成,电渗泵和电磁切换阀由计算机通过自制接口卡和自编VC语言程序控制。采用低试剂消耗接口,每次分析缓冲溶液用量降低到130μL。使用对羟基苯甲酸(PBA)为内标物,方法可在15 min内分离测定六种防腐剂,峰面积相对标准偏差小于3.4%,检出限范围为0.04～0.1μg/mL,实际样品的回收率为91.4～104%。
(3)电动流动分析-离子对试剂固相萃取-毛细管区带电泳分离测定食晶中的苯甲酸和山梨酸
建立了基于电动流动分析、离子对试剂固相萃取和毛细管区带电泳在线分离测定食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸的分析方法。使用自制的固相萃取单元,可使固相萃取前处理过程和毛细管电泳分离过程同步进行。四丁基溴化铵作为离子对试剂加入样品溶液中以提高苯甲酸和山梨酸在固相萃取柱上的保留。该方法使用PBA为内标物,成功应用于食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸的分析测定,峰面积的相对标准偏差小于3.1%,浓度检出限为10-20 ng/mL。
(4)石英砂填充原位聚合C_8反相电色谱硅胶整体柱制备
建立了用四乙氧基硅烷和正辛基三乙氧基硅烷酸-碱催化水解两步法原位聚合制备C_8反相硅胶整体柱的方法。系统考察了反应物组成、酸度和水解时间对整体柱合成的影响。最佳制各条件为:0.5 mL四乙氧基硅烷,0.4 mL正辛基三乙氧基硅烷,0.6 mL乙醇,0.093 mL,0.33 mol/L的HCl搅拌均匀后,60℃水解4 h;冷却到室温,取混合溶液0.5 mL,加入50 mg十二胺,60℃聚合48 h。在此条件下制备的硅胶整体柱是相互交联的网络状骨架结构并且机械强度大,结构表征和组分分析结果证明该柱满足色谱分离的要求。在硅胶整体柱合成的基础上,通过填充100-120μm细石英砂,在2.0 mm内径石英管内制备了石英砂整体微柱。填充细石英砂不仅克服了硅胶整体柱聚合过程中收缩引起的柱体与石英管壁之间产生裂隙的问题,而且在电色谱分离过程中还降低了热效应。
(5)加压整体微柱电色谱分离测定对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂
建立了基于加压电色谱分离和在线紫外检测分离测定对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂的分析方法。考察了有机溶剂含量、流动相浓度和pH值、流速以及电场强度对分离的影响。以电渗流和压力流联合驱动流动相,实现了加压反相整体微柱电色谱分离,改善了峰型,克服了微柱电色谱电渗流较小的不足,避免了过高的电流热效应。用含20%乙腈(v/v)的1.0 mmol/L的Tris缓冲液(pH 8.5)为流动相,该整体电色谱微柱成功分离了对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、乙酯和丙酯三种酯类防腐剂。
The electrokinetic flow analysis(EFA)system based on the flow analysis techniques of sequencial injection analysis,multicommutation and electroosmotic pump and the chromatographic separation with silica monolithic column is developing to be a total portable analysis system.The EFA system is simple, convenient and easy to be controlled automatically.In this dissertation,the analytical methods of the separation and determination for preservatives in food and cosmetic products are proposed by combining the EFA system with capillary electrophoresis or reversed-phase electrochromatography.The preparation conditions of reversed-phase silica monolithic microcolumn filled with fine quartz sand are studied.And the prepared microcolumn has been employed in the separation of parabens by reversed-phase electrochromatography(EC)successfully.
1.An analytical method of on-line pretreatment and determination of three parabens(i.e.methyl,ethyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoate)in cosmetic products is proposed by using flow injection analysis(FIA),solid phase extraction(SPE)and micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC).An improved homemade split-flow interface is used to couple solid phase extraction(SPE)of C_8 bonded silica with MEKC separation,which can avoid the separation buffer contamination and reduce the buffer consumption,especially,for the buffers containing expensive reagents.The samples are pretreated by the SPE and eluted with the eluent of 10 mmol/L sodium tetraborate buffer(pH 9.3)containing 60%(v/v)ethanol at 0.75 mL/min,and the parabens are separated on baseline with the running buffer of 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate(pH 9.3)containing 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate(BP)is used as an internal standard added into the standard and real sample solutions to improve accuracy of the method.The analytical characteristic of this FIA-SPE-MEKC method and the recoveries with and without the internal standard were compared.
2.A combined analysis system of electrokinetic flow analysis,solid phase extraction and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography is proposed to determine six preservatives in food samples.The electrokinetic flow analysis system consists of one homemade electroosmotic pump,five solenoid valves and a solid-phase extraction(SPE)microcolumn.The electroosmotic pump and solenoid valves are controlled by a personal computer with a homemade interface card and a Visual C program written by our group.With a modified interface of EFA and CZE, the buffer consumption can be reduced to 130μL for each running.The running buffer of MEKC is 20 mmol/L disodium tetraborate(pH 9.3)containing 100 mmol/L SDS.p-Hydroxybenzoic acid(PBA)is adopted as an internal standard(IS).The proposed method can separate and determine the preservatives within 15 min,having the relative standard deviation(RSD)of peak area less than 3.4%(n=5),limits of detection(LODs)ranged from 0.04 to 0.1μg/mL(S/N=3,n=11)and recoveries in the range of 91.4%and 104%.
3.A combined analysis system of electrokinetic flow analysis,ion-pair solid phase extraction and capillary zone electrophoresis is proposed to determine benzoic acid and sorbic acid in food samples.The electrokinetic flow analysis system consists of one electroosmotic pump,five solenoid valves and one on-line solid-phase extraction(SPE)unit.By using the SPE unit,the SPE operation and CZE separation can be performed simultaneously.Tetrabutylammonium bromide is adopted as an ion pair reagent to improve the retention of the preservatives on C_8-bonded silica sorbent. The preservatives are separated and determined under optimized conditions with p-hydroxybenzoic acid as an internal standard.The relative standard deviation(RSD). of peak area for each analyte is less than 3.1%(n=5)and the limits of detection (LODs)range from 10 to 20 ng mL~(-1)(S/N=3,n=11).
4.Silica monolithic columns functionalized with octyl groups are synthesized by a two-step hydrolysis/condensation of tetrathoxyailane(TEOS)and n-octyltriethoxysiliane(C_8-TEOS)catalyzed with acid and base conditions.The influence factors in the sol-gel procedure,such as the reactant composition,hydrolysis acitity and time are investigated systematically.The optimal preparation conditions are as follows:0.5 mL TEOS,0.4 mL C_8-TEOS,0.6 mL ethanol,0.093 mL-0.33 mol/L HCl are mixed,hydrolyzed at 60℃for 4 h and cooled to room temperature.50 mg n-dodecylamine is added into 0.5 mL above solution,and then the mixed solution is introduced into a PTFE mold and polymerized for at 60℃48 h.The results of micromorphology and element analysis validate that the microcolumn can be employed in the chromatographic separation.Based on the preparation of the silica monolithic column mentioned above,the silica monolithic microcolumns are prepared in 2.0 mm i.d.fused silica tube filled with 100-120μm quartz sand.The microcolumn shrinkage in the fused silica tube can be avoided during the condensation process and the heating effect can also be eliminated by filling the fine quartz sand.
5.A pressure-assisted separation system with the electrochromatographic monolithic microcolumn and on-line UV detection is designed and established to separate and determine parabens.The influence factors of the separation are explored, such as organic solvent and concentration,buffer pH and concentration,flow rate and electric field strength.Associated-pressure is adopted to drive the mobile phase in reversed-phase electrochromatography,which can improve the separation efficiency. On the other hand,the heating effect is limited in the separation column by using an appropriate separation voltage.The separation results were satisfying with the electrochromatographic microcolumns.The parabens are separated on baseline using the reversed-phase silica monolithic microcolumns with the mobile phase of 1.0 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 8.5)containing 20%(v/v)acetonitrile.
引文
[1]Ruzicka J,Hansen E H.1975.Anal.Chim.Acta.78:145.
[2]Fang Z L.1999.Flow Injection Analysis.Science Press.Beijing.p4.
[3]Ruzicka I,Marshall G D,Christian G D.1990.Anal.Chem.62:1861.
[4]陈恒武.1998.流动注射在线预处理与毛细管电泳联用系统及在药物分析中的应用(D):博士.沈阳:沈阳药科大学.
[5]Altria K D,Elder D.2004.J Chromatogr.A.1023:1.
[6]Millot M C.2003.J Chromatogr.B.797:131.
[7]Britz M P,Terabe S.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.1000:917.
[8]Kuban P,Engstrom A,Olsson J C,et al.1997.Anal.Chim.Acta.337:117.
[9]Fang Z L,Liu Z S,Shen Q.1997.Anal Chim.Acta.346:135.
[10]Liu Z S,Fang Z L.1997.Anal.Chim.Acta.346:135.
[11]Kuban P,Karlberg B.1997.Anal.Chem.69:1169.
[12]Kuban P,Karlberg B.1998.Talanta.45:477.
[13]Chen H L,Wang K T,Pu Q S,et al.2002.Electrophoresis.23:2865.
[14]Chen H W,Fang Z L.1998.Anal.Chim.Acta.376:209.
[15]Chen H W,Fang Z L.1997.Anal.Chim.Acta.355:135.
[16]Arce L,Kuban P,Rios A,et ai.1999.Anal.Chim.Acta.390:39.
[17]Wolf,W R,Stewart,K.K.1979.Anal.Chem.51:1201.
[18]Marino D F,Ingel J D.1981.Anal.Chem.53:645.
[19]Ruzicka J,Hansen E H,Zagatto E A G.1977.Anal.Chim.Acta.88:1.
[20]Ruzicka J,Marshall G D.1990.Anal.Chim.Acta.237:329.
[21]Rong W M,Nielsen J,Villadsen J.1995.Anal.Chim.Acta.321:149.
[22]Fang Z L,Welz B,Sperling M.1993.Anal.Chem.65:1662.
[23]Hansen E H,Willumsen B,Winthr S K,et al.1994.Talanta.41:1881.
[24]Reis B F,Giné M F,Zagatto EA G,et al.1994.Anal.Chim.Acta.293:129.
[25]Jorgenson J W,Lukacs K D.1981.Anal.Chem.53:1298.
[26]Towns J K,Regnier F E.1992.Anal.Chem.64:2473.
[27]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26:125.
[28]Gan W E,Yang L,He Y Z,et al.2000.Talanta.51:667.
[29]Wang L,He Y Z,Fu G N,et al.2006.Talanta.72:358.
[30]Yang L,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2001.Talanta.55:271.
[31]Li L Q,Fang L,He Y Z.2003.Instrum.Sci.Technol.31:269.
[32]Zhao,Y Q,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2002.Talanta 56:619.
[33]Hu Y Y,He Y Z,Qian L L.2005.Anal.Chim.Acta.536:251.
[34]Qian L L,He Y Z,Hu YY.2006.Spectroscopy Letters.39:581.
[35]Jorgenson J W,Lukacs K D.1981.J.Chromatogr.218:209.
[36]Cantwell F F.1979.Anal.Chem.51:63.
[37]Michov B W.1988.Electrophoresis 9:201.
[38]Cikalo M G,Bartle K D,Myers P.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.836:35.
[39]Rathore A S,Reynolds K J,Colon L A.2002.Electrophoresis.23:2918.
[40]张丽华,邹汉法,施维等.1998.色谱.16:106.
[41]Kenndler S E.1991 Anal.Chem.63:1801.
[42]Crego L,Martinez J.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.869:329.
[43]Pyell U.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.869:363.
[44]Choudhary G,Horvath C.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.781:161.
[45]Cikalo M G,Bartle K D,Myers P.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.836:35.
[46]Wright P B,Lister A S,Dorsey J G.1997.Anal.Chem.69:3251.
[47]邓延倬,何金兰.高效毛细管电泳.北京:科学出版社,2000:21.
[48]L.A.Colon,Y.Guo,A.Fermie.1997.Anal.Chem.69:15,461A.
[49]Wu J,Huang P,Li M X,et al.1997.Anal.Chem.69:2908.
[50]张玉奎,包绵生,周桂敏等.1982.科学通报.27:1376.
[51]卢佩章,戴朝政.1986.色谱理论基础.北京:科学出版社.
[52]戴朝政.1999.色潜.17:514.
[53]王蕾.2000.电动分析系统的色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[54]Rabel F,Cabrera K,Lubda D.2000.Am Lab(Sheiton,Conn).32:20.
[55]Cabrera K,Lubda D,Sinz K,et al.2001.Am Lab(Shelton,Conn).33:40.
[56]Tanaka N,Kobayashi H,Nakanishi,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:421.
[57]谢传辉.2005.毛细管硅胶整体柱的制备及其应用(D):博士.大连.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所.
[58]Svec F,Frechet J M J.1992.Anal.Chem.64:820.
[59]Matsui J,Kato T,Takeuchi T,et al.1993.Anal.Chem.65:2223.
[60]Wang Q C,Svec F,Frechet J M J.1993.Anal.Chem.65:2243.
[61]Petro M,Svec F,Gitsov I,et al.1996.Anal.Chem.68:315.
[62]Sykora D,Svec F,Frechet J M J.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.852:297.
[63]Zou H,Huang X,Ye M,et al.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.954:5.
[64]Cabrera K,Lubda D,Eggenweiler H M,et al.2000 J.High Resolut.Chromatogr.23:93.
[65]Cabrera K,Wleland G,Lubda D.1998.TRAC-Trend Anal.Chem.17:50.
[66]Bidlingmaier B,Unger K K,von Doehren N.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.832:11.
[67]Spoof L,Meriluoto J.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.947:237.
[68]Freiser H,Szczap K,Loop C.2002.Curr.Sep.19:131.
[69]Gusev I,Huang X,Horváth C.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.855:273.
[70]Zhang S H,Zhang J,Horváth C.2001.J.Chromatogr.A.914:189.
[71]Li Y,Chen Y,Xiang R,et al.2005.Anal.Chem.77:1398.
[72]Xiong B H,Zhang L H,Zhang Y K,et al.2000.J.High Resolut.Chromatogr.23:67.
[73]Jin W H,Fu H J,Huang X D,et al.2003.Electrophoresis.24:3172.
[74]Premstaller A,Oberacher H,Huber C G.2000.Anal.Chem.72:4386.
[75]Premstaller A,Oberacher H,Waicher W,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:2390.
[76]Tholey A,Toll H,Huber C G.2005.Anal.Chem.77:4618.
[77]Huang X A,Zhang S,Schultz G A,et al.2002.Anal.Chem.74:2336.
[78]Fujimoto c,Kino J,Sawada H.1995.J.Chromatogr.A,1995,716:107.
[79]Fujimoto c,Fujise Y,Matsuzawa E.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2753.
[80]Ericson C,Liao J L,Nakazato K,et al.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.767:33.
[81]Liao J L,Chen N,Ericson C,et al.1996.Anal.Chem.68:3468.
[82]Palm A,Novotny M V.1997.Anal.Chem.69:4499.
[83]Que A H,Palm A,Baker A G,et al.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.887:379.
[84]Que A H,Konse T,Baker A G,et al.2000.Anal.Chem.72:2703.
[85]Peters E C,Petro M,Svec F,et al.1997.Anal.Chem.69:3646.
[86]Peters E C,Petro M,Svec F,et al.1998.Anal.Chem.70:2288.
[87]Peters E C,Petro M,Svec F,et al.1998.Anal.Chem.70:2296.
[88]Wu RA,Zou H F,Ye M L,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:4918.
[89]Yu C,Xu M C,Svec F,et al.2002,J.Polym.Sci.Pol.Chem.40:755.
[90]Svec F.2004.J.Sep.Sci.27:747.
[91]Zhang S H,Huang X,Zhang J,et al.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.887:465.
[92]Hebenstreit D,Bicker W,Lammerhofer M,et ai.2004.Electrophoresis.25:277.
[93]吴仁安.2002.毛细管电色谱整体柱的制备及应用(D):博士.大连.中围科学院大连化学物理研究所.
[94]Fu H J,Xie C H,Dong J,et al.2004.Anal.Chem.76:4866.
[95]Nakanishi K,Soga N.1992.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.139:1.
[96]Nakanishi K,Soga N.1992.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.139:14.
[97]Takahashi R,Nakanishi K,Soga N.2000.J.Sol-Gel Sci.Technol.17.
[98]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et ai.1996.Anal.Chem.68:3498.
[99]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2000.Anal.Chem.72:1275.
[100]Tanaka N,Kobayashi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:420A.
[101]Nakanishi K,Takahashi R,Nagakane T,et al.2000.J.Sol-Gel.Technol.17:191.
[102]Fields S M.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2709.
[103]Qu Q,S,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.983:255.
[104]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang L,et al.2005.Anal.Chem.77:5622.
[105]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang X K,et al.2005.Chem.J.Chinese U.26:2019.
[106]Hayes J.D.,Malik A.2000.Anal.Chem.72:4090.
[107]Constantin S,Freitag R.2003.J.Sol-Gel Sci.Tech.28:71.
[108]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang H,et al.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1046:255.
[109]Yan L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang W B,et al.2005.Electrophoresis.26:2935.
[110]Yan L J,Zhang Q H,Feng Y Q,et al.2006.J.Chromatogr.A.1121:92.
[111]Ding G S,Da Z L,Yuan R J,et al.2006.Electrophoresis.27:3363.
[112]Knox J H.2000.Trends Anal.Chem.19:643.
[113]邓宁.2005.电动分析中的微柱反相色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[114]Ministry of Health,Hygienic standards for use of food additives,Ministry of Health,P.R.China,GB 2760-1996,p.24.
[115]Ministry of Health,P.R.China,Hygienic standard for cosmetics,2007,p.72.
[116]何唯平,刘梅森.2004.中国食品添加剂.5:37.
[117]唐英章.2004.现代食品安全检测技术.北京:科学出版社.
[118]高鹤鹃.2000.食品中的有害物质.北京:北京工业出版社.
[119]Hannuksela M,Haahtela T.1987.Allergy.42:561.
[120]Juhlin L.1981.British Journalof Dermatology.104:369.
[121]Lahti A,Vaananen A,Kokkonen E L et al.1987.Contact Dermatitis.16:133.
[122]Rademaker M,Forsyth A.1989.Contact Dermatitis.20:104.
[123]Safford R J,Basketter D A,Allenby C F et al.1990.British Journal of Dermatology.123:595.
[124]WHO(1997).Evaluation of some food additives and contaminants.Technical Report Series,868.
[125]盛丽,苏碧泉.2004.新型食品防腐剂山梨酸.化学教育.7:8.
[126]Walker R.1990.Food Additives and Contaminants.7:671.
[127]Hajkova R,Solich P,Pospisilova M et al.2002.Anal.Chim.Acta.467:91..
[128]Mahuzier P E,Altria K D,Clark B J.2001.Journal of Chromatography A.924:465.
[129]陈正行,狄济乐.2002.食品添加剂新产品与新技术.南京:江苏科学技术出版社.
[130]Thomassin M,Cavalli E,Guillaum Y et al.1997.J.Phar.Bio.Anal.15:831.
[131]Harry M,Pylypiw J,Maureen T G.2000.Journal of Chromatograhhy A.883:299.
[132]Isabel M P L V O,Ferreira et al.2000.Food Research International.33:113.
[133]Tfouni S A V,Toledo M C F.2002.Food Control.13:117.
[134]Bahruddin S,Fazlul Bari.2005.J.Chromatogr.A.1073:393.
[135]Kuo K L,Hsieh Y Z.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.768:334.
[136]Heo Y J,Lee K J.1998.J.Phar.Bio.Anal.17:1371.
[137]Huang H Y,Lai Y C,Chiu C W,et al.J.Chromatogr.A.993:153.
[138]González M,Galleo M,Valcárcel M.J.Chromatogr.A.823:321.
[139]李英,刘丽,刘志红.2003.色谱.21:170.
[140]鲍忠定,许佳飞,许荣年等.2004.分析化学.32:270.
[141]Hennion M C.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.856,3.
[142]Pawhszyn J.1997.Solid phase microextraction-Theory and Practice,New York:Wiley-VCH.
[143]Jeannot M A,Cantwell F F.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2236.
[144]Ouyang G F,Zhao W N,Pawliszyn J.2005.Anal.Chem.77:8122.
[145]Zougagh M,Valcarcel M,Rios A.2004.Trends in Anal.Chem.23:399.
[146]Xiong G,Liang J,Zou S.1994.Anal.Chim.Acta.371:97.
[1]Boyce M C.2001.Electrophoresis.22:1447.
[2]Soni M G,Carabin I G,Burdock G A.2005.Food Chem.Toxicoi.43:985.
[3]Cantwel l F F.1976.Anal.Chem.48:1854.
[4]Harvey P W.2003.J.Appl.Toxicol.23:285.
[5]Routledge E J,Parker J,Odum J,et al.1998.Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.153:12.
[6]Ministry of Health,P.R.China,Hygienic standard for cosmetics,2007,p 72.
[7]Marengo E,Gianotti V,Angioi S,Gennaro M C.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1029:57.
[8]Mikami E,Goto T,Ohno T,et al.2002.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.28:261.
[9]Sottofattori E,Anzaldi M,Balbi A,Tonello G.1998.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.18:213.
[10]Thomassin M,Cavalli E,Guillaume Y,et al.1997.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.15:831.
[11]Baalbaki B,Blanchin M,Fabre H.2002.Anal.Chim.Acta.463:15.
[12]Mahuzier P E,Altria K D,Clark B J.2001.J.Chromatogr.A.924:465.
[13]Kuo K L,Hsieh Y Z.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.768:334.
[14]Huang H Y,Lai Y C,Chiu C W,Yeh J M.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.993:153.
[15]He S H,Zhao Y F,Zhu Z W,et al.2006.Talanta 69:166.
[16]Ruzicka J,Hansen E H.1975.Anal.Chim.Acta.78:145.
[17](?)atinsky D,Solich P,Chocholous P,Karlicek R.2003.Anal.Chim.Acta.499:205.
[18] Satinsky D, Huclova J, Solich P, Karlicek R. 2003. J. Chromatogr. A. 1015:239.
[19] Satfnsky D, Huclova J, Ferreira R L C, et al. 2006. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 40:287.
[20] Myint A, Zhang Q L, Liu L J, Cui H. 2004. Anal. Chim. Acta. 517:119.
[21] Cheng Y Q, Chen H L, Li Y Q, et al. 2004. Talanta. 63:491.
[22] Fang Z L, Liu Z S, Shen Q. 1997. Anal. Chim. Acta. 346:135.
[23] Kuban P, Karlberg B. 1997. Anal. Chem. 69:1169.
[24] Liu L H, Chen X G, Hu Z D. 2007. Talanta 71:155.
[25] Kuban P, Karlberg B. 1998. Talanta 45:477.
[26] Chen H L, Wang K T, Pu Q S, et al. 2002. Electrophoresis. 23:2865.
[27] Chen H W, Fang Z L. 1998. Anal. Chim. Acta. 376:209.
[28] Chen H W, Fang Z L. 1997. Anal. Chim. Acta. 355:135.
[29] Arce L, Kuban P, Rios A, et al. 1999. Anal. Chim. Acta. 390:39.
[30] Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. 1995. Chromatographia. 40:474.
[31] Zhang Z Q, Ma J, Lei Y, et al. 2007. Talanta. 71:2056.
[32] Kuban P, Engstrom A, Olsson J C, et al. 1997. Anal. Chim. Acta. 337:117.
[33] Tempels F W A, Teeuwsen J, Kyriakou I K, et al. 2004. J. Chromatogr. A. 1053:263.
[34] Hu Y Y, He Y Z, Qian L L. 2005. Anal. Chim. Acta. 536:251.
[35] Tarabe S, Otsuka K, Ichikawa K. 1984. Anal. Chem. 56: 111.
[1]牟冠文,李光浩.2006.食品与发酵工业.32:103.
[2]Jay J M.1996.Modern Food Microbiology.New York:Chapman & Hall.
[3]Kimble C H.1977.Chemical Food Preservatives.Philadelphia:Lea & Febiger.p8343.
[4]陈国安,杨凯,彭昌亚等.2003.中国调味品.289:32.
[5]何唯平,刘梅森.2004.中国食品添加剂.5:37.
[6]Hannuksela M,Haahtela T.1987.Hapersensitivity reactions to food additives.42(8):561-575.
[7]Ruzicka J,Marshall G D.1990.Anal.Chim.Acta.237:329.
[8]Reis B F,Giné M F,Zagatto E A G,et al.1994.Anal.Chim.Aeta.293:129.
[9]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26:125.
[10]Wang L,He Y Z,Fu G N,et al.2006.Talanta.70(2):358.
[11]Wang L,He Y Z,Deng N,et al.2006.Instrum.Sci.Technol.34:743.
[12]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26(2):125.
[13]Gan W E,Yang L,He Y Z,et al.2000.Talanta.51(4):667.
[14]Zhao Y Q,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2002.Talanta.56(4):619.
[15]Li L Q,Fang L,He Y Z.2003.Instrum.Sci.Technol.31:269.
[16]Hu Y Y,He Y Z,Qian L L,et al.2005.Anal.Chim.Acta.536(1-2):251.
[17]周春红,董文彬.2003.食品科技.5:80-82.
[18]Han F,He Y Z,Yu C Z.2008.Talanta.74:1371.
[19]钱立立.2007.(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[20]中华人民共和周国家标准食品添加剂卫生标准 GB 2760-1996.
[1]Mikami E,Goto T,Ohno T,et al.2002.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.28:261.
[2]Kimbel C H.1977.Chemical Food Preservatives,Philadelphia,Lea & Febiger.p.834.
[3]Soni M G,Burdock G.A,Taylor S L,et al.2001.Food Chem.Toxicol.39:513
[4]Darbre P D.2003.J.Appl.Toxicol.23:89.
[5]Ruzicka J,Marshall G D.1990.Anal.Chim.Acta.237:329.
[6]Reis B F,Giné M F,Zagatto E A G,et al.1994.Anal.Chim.Acta.293:129.
[7]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26(2):125.
[8]Gan W E,Yang L,He Y Z,et al.2000.Talanta.51:667.
[9]Wang L,He Y Z,Fu G N,et al.2006.Talanta.70:358.
[10]Yang L,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2001.Talanta.55:271.
[11]Zhao Y Q,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2002.Talanta.56:619.
[12]Hu Y Y,He Y Z,Qian L L.2005.Anal.Chim.Acta.536:251.
[13]He Y Z,Cervera M L,Pastor A,et al.2001.Anal.Chim.Acta.447:135.
[14]Fu G N,He Y Z,Wang L,et al.2006.Anal.Sci.22:883.
[15]Ministry of Health,Hygienic standards for use of food additives,Ministry of Health,P.R.China,GB 2760-1996,p.24.
[1]王蕾.2000.电动分析系统的色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[2]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et al.1996.Anal.Chem.68:3498.
[3]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et al.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.762:135.
[4]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et al.1998.J.Chromatogr.A.797:121.
[5]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.1998.J.Chromatogr.A.797:133.
[6]Minakuchi H,Ishizuka N,Nakanishi K,et al.1998.J.Chromatogr.A.828:83.
[7]Nakanishi K,Shikata H,lshizuka N,er al.2000.J High Resolut.Chromatogr.23:106.
[8]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2001.Colloid Surf.A.187:273.
[9]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2000.Anal.Chem.72:1275.
[10]Ishizuka N,Kobayashi H,Minakuchi H,et al.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.960:85.
[11]Motokawa M,Kobayashi H,Ishizuka N,et al.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.961:53.
[12]Dams R,Benijts T,Gunther W,et al.2002.Anal.Chem.74:3206.
[13]Jakab A,Forgacs E.2002.Chromatographia.56:S69.
[14]Hsieh Y,Wang G F,Wang Y G,et al.2003.Anal.Chem.75:1812.
[15]Fields S M.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2709.
[16]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang L,et al.2005.Anal.Chem.77:5622.
[17]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang X K,et al.2005.Chem.J.Chinese U.26:2019.
[18]L.Wang,Y.Z.He,G.N.Fu,et al.2006.Talanta 70:358.
[19]L Wang,Y.Z.He,N.Deng,et al.2006.Instrum.Sci.Technol.34:743.
[20]Chen Z L,Hobo T.2001.Electrophoresis.22:3339.
[21]Chen Z L,Hobo T.2001.Anal.Chem.73:3348.
[22]Chen Z L,Uchiyama K,Hobo T.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.942:83.
[23]Chen Z L,Ozawa H,Uchiyama K,et al.2003.Electrophoresis.24:2550.
[24]Liu Z,Otsuka K,Terabe S,et al.2002.Electrophoresis.23:2973.
[25]Massolini G,Calleri E,Lavecchia A,et al.2003.Anal.Chem.75:535.
[26]Calleri E,Massolini G,Lubda D,et al.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1031:93.
[27]Miyazaki S,Miah M Y,Morisato K,et al.2005.J.Sep.Sci.28:39.
[28]Xie C H,Hu J W,Xiao H,et al.2005.J.Sep.Sci.28:751.
[29]Preinerstorfer B,Lubda D,Lindner W,et al.2006.J.Chromatogr.A.1106:94.
[30]Constantin S,Freitag R.2003.J.Sol-Gel Sci.Tech.28:71.
[31]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang H,et al.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1046:255.
[32]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang W B,et al.2005.Electrophoresis.26:2935.
[33]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Feng Y Q,et al.2006.J.Chromatogr.A.1121:92.
[33]Ding G S,Da Z L,Yuan R J,et al.2006,Electrophoresis.27:3363.
[34]J.H.Knox,I.H.Grant.1987.Chromatographia.24:135.
[35]J.H.Knox.1988.Chromatographia.26:329.
[36]J.H.Knox,I.H.Grant.1991.Chromatographia.32:317.
[37]C.Yah,D.Schaufelberger,F.Erni.1994.J.Chromatogr.A.670:15.
[38]B.Scherer,F.Steiner.2001.Chromatographia.54:155.
[39]Q.S.Qu,Y.Z.He,W.E.Gan,et al.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.983:255.
[40]Q.S.Qu,Y.Z.He,W.E.Gan,et al.Chinese J.Anal.Chem.31:698.
[41]邓宁.2005.电动分析中的微柱反相色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[42]Rodriguez S A,Colon L A.1999.Anal.Chim.Acta.397:207.
[43]Mercier L,Pinnavaia T J.2000.Chem.Mater.12:185.
[44]Brinker C,Scherer G W.1990.Sol-Gel Science.The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing(Academic Press Eds.,1990).
[1]Jorgenson J W,Lukacs K D,J.Chromatogr.1981,218:209.
[2]邹汉法.毛细管电色谱及其应用.科学出版社,2001.
[3]张维冰.毛细管电色谱理论基础.科学出版社,2006.
[4]Tsuda T.1987.Anal.Chem.59:521.
[5]Enlund A M,Anderson M E,Hagman G.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1044:153.
[6]Strickmann B C,Gottfried B,Claudia D,Salvatore F.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.887(1/2):393.
[7]Hugener M,Tinker A P,Nissen W MA.1993.J.Chromatogr.A.647:375.
[8]Ru Q,Luo G,Fu Y.2001.J.Chromatogr.A.924(1/2):331.
[9]Thomas E,Unger K K.1996.Trends in Analytical Chemistry.15(9):463.
[10]Gfroerer P,Tseng L,Rapp E,Albert K,Bayer E.2001.Anal.Chem.73:1432.
[11]Ru Q,Yao J,Luo G,Zhang Y,Yan C.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.894(1/2):337.
[12]张丽华.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所博士论文.大连,2001.
[11]邓宁.中国科学技术大学博士论文.合肥,2005.
[2]Fang Z L.1999.Flow Injection Analysis.Science Press.Beijing.p4.
[3]Ruzicka I,Marshall G D,Christian G D.1990.Anal.Chem.62:1861.
[4]陈恒武.1998.流动注射在线预处理与毛细管电泳联用系统及在药物分析中的应用(D):博士.沈阳:沈阳药科大学.
[5]Altria K D,Elder D.2004.J Chromatogr.A.1023:1.
[6]Millot M C.2003.J Chromatogr.B.797:131.
[7]Britz M P,Terabe S.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.1000:917.
[8]Kuban P,Engstrom A,Olsson J C,et al.1997.Anal.Chim.Acta.337:117.
[9]Fang Z L,Liu Z S,Shen Q.1997.Anal Chim.Acta.346:135.
[10]Liu Z S,Fang Z L.1997.Anal.Chim.Acta.346:135.
[11]Kuban P,Karlberg B.1997.Anal.Chem.69:1169.
[12]Kuban P,Karlberg B.1998.Talanta.45:477.
[13]Chen H L,Wang K T,Pu Q S,et al.2002.Electrophoresis.23:2865.
[14]Chen H W,Fang Z L.1998.Anal.Chim.Acta.376:209.
[15]Chen H W,Fang Z L.1997.Anal.Chim.Acta.355:135.
[16]Arce L,Kuban P,Rios A,et ai.1999.Anal.Chim.Acta.390:39.
[17]Wolf,W R,Stewart,K.K.1979.Anal.Chem.51:1201.
[18]Marino D F,Ingel J D.1981.Anal.Chem.53:645.
[19]Ruzicka J,Hansen E H,Zagatto E A G.1977.Anal.Chim.Acta.88:1.
[20]Ruzicka J,Marshall G D.1990.Anal.Chim.Acta.237:329.
[21]Rong W M,Nielsen J,Villadsen J.1995.Anal.Chim.Acta.321:149.
[22]Fang Z L,Welz B,Sperling M.1993.Anal.Chem.65:1662.
[23]Hansen E H,Willumsen B,Winthr S K,et al.1994.Talanta.41:1881.
[24]Reis B F,Giné M F,Zagatto EA G,et al.1994.Anal.Chim.Acta.293:129.
[25]Jorgenson J W,Lukacs K D.1981.Anal.Chem.53:1298.
[26]Towns J K,Regnier F E.1992.Anal.Chem.64:2473.
[27]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26:125.
[28]Gan W E,Yang L,He Y Z,et al.2000.Talanta.51:667.
[29]Wang L,He Y Z,Fu G N,et al.2006.Talanta.72:358.
[30]Yang L,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2001.Talanta.55:271.
[31]Li L Q,Fang L,He Y Z.2003.Instrum.Sci.Technol.31:269.
[32]Zhao,Y Q,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2002.Talanta 56:619.
[33]Hu Y Y,He Y Z,Qian L L.2005.Anal.Chim.Acta.536:251.
[34]Qian L L,He Y Z,Hu YY.2006.Spectroscopy Letters.39:581.
[35]Jorgenson J W,Lukacs K D.1981.J.Chromatogr.218:209.
[36]Cantwell F F.1979.Anal.Chem.51:63.
[37]Michov B W.1988.Electrophoresis 9:201.
[38]Cikalo M G,Bartle K D,Myers P.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.836:35.
[39]Rathore A S,Reynolds K J,Colon L A.2002.Electrophoresis.23:2918.
[40]张丽华,邹汉法,施维等.1998.色谱.16:106.
[41]Kenndler S E.1991 Anal.Chem.63:1801.
[42]Crego L,Martinez J.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.869:329.
[43]Pyell U.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.869:363.
[44]Choudhary G,Horvath C.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.781:161.
[45]Cikalo M G,Bartle K D,Myers P.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.836:35.
[46]Wright P B,Lister A S,Dorsey J G.1997.Anal.Chem.69:3251.
[47]邓延倬,何金兰.高效毛细管电泳.北京:科学出版社,2000:21.
[48]L.A.Colon,Y.Guo,A.Fermie.1997.Anal.Chem.69:15,461A.
[49]Wu J,Huang P,Li M X,et al.1997.Anal.Chem.69:2908.
[50]张玉奎,包绵生,周桂敏等.1982.科学通报.27:1376.
[51]卢佩章,戴朝政.1986.色谱理论基础.北京:科学出版社.
[52]戴朝政.1999.色潜.17:514.
[53]王蕾.2000.电动分析系统的色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[54]Rabel F,Cabrera K,Lubda D.2000.Am Lab(Sheiton,Conn).32:20.
[55]Cabrera K,Lubda D,Sinz K,et al.2001.Am Lab(Shelton,Conn).33:40.
[56]Tanaka N,Kobayashi H,Nakanishi,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:421.
[57]谢传辉.2005.毛细管硅胶整体柱的制备及其应用(D):博士.大连.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所.
[58]Svec F,Frechet J M J.1992.Anal.Chem.64:820.
[59]Matsui J,Kato T,Takeuchi T,et al.1993.Anal.Chem.65:2223.
[60]Wang Q C,Svec F,Frechet J M J.1993.Anal.Chem.65:2243.
[61]Petro M,Svec F,Gitsov I,et al.1996.Anal.Chem.68:315.
[62]Sykora D,Svec F,Frechet J M J.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.852:297.
[63]Zou H,Huang X,Ye M,et al.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.954:5.
[64]Cabrera K,Lubda D,Eggenweiler H M,et al.2000 J.High Resolut.Chromatogr.23:93.
[65]Cabrera K,Wleland G,Lubda D.1998.TRAC-Trend Anal.Chem.17:50.
[66]Bidlingmaier B,Unger K K,von Doehren N.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.832:11.
[67]Spoof L,Meriluoto J.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.947:237.
[68]Freiser H,Szczap K,Loop C.2002.Curr.Sep.19:131.
[69]Gusev I,Huang X,Horváth C.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.855:273.
[70]Zhang S H,Zhang J,Horváth C.2001.J.Chromatogr.A.914:189.
[71]Li Y,Chen Y,Xiang R,et al.2005.Anal.Chem.77:1398.
[72]Xiong B H,Zhang L H,Zhang Y K,et al.2000.J.High Resolut.Chromatogr.23:67.
[73]Jin W H,Fu H J,Huang X D,et al.2003.Electrophoresis.24:3172.
[74]Premstaller A,Oberacher H,Huber C G.2000.Anal.Chem.72:4386.
[75]Premstaller A,Oberacher H,Waicher W,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:2390.
[76]Tholey A,Toll H,Huber C G.2005.Anal.Chem.77:4618.
[77]Huang X A,Zhang S,Schultz G A,et al.2002.Anal.Chem.74:2336.
[78]Fujimoto c,Kino J,Sawada H.1995.J.Chromatogr.A,1995,716:107.
[79]Fujimoto c,Fujise Y,Matsuzawa E.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2753.
[80]Ericson C,Liao J L,Nakazato K,et al.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.767:33.
[81]Liao J L,Chen N,Ericson C,et al.1996.Anal.Chem.68:3468.
[82]Palm A,Novotny M V.1997.Anal.Chem.69:4499.
[83]Que A H,Palm A,Baker A G,et al.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.887:379.
[84]Que A H,Konse T,Baker A G,et al.2000.Anal.Chem.72:2703.
[85]Peters E C,Petro M,Svec F,et al.1997.Anal.Chem.69:3646.
[86]Peters E C,Petro M,Svec F,et al.1998.Anal.Chem.70:2288.
[87]Peters E C,Petro M,Svec F,et al.1998.Anal.Chem.70:2296.
[88]Wu RA,Zou H F,Ye M L,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:4918.
[89]Yu C,Xu M C,Svec F,et al.2002,J.Polym.Sci.Pol.Chem.40:755.
[90]Svec F.2004.J.Sep.Sci.27:747.
[91]Zhang S H,Huang X,Zhang J,et al.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.887:465.
[92]Hebenstreit D,Bicker W,Lammerhofer M,et ai.2004.Electrophoresis.25:277.
[93]吴仁安.2002.毛细管电色谱整体柱的制备及应用(D):博士.大连.中围科学院大连化学物理研究所.
[94]Fu H J,Xie C H,Dong J,et al.2004.Anal.Chem.76:4866.
[95]Nakanishi K,Soga N.1992.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.139:1.
[96]Nakanishi K,Soga N.1992.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.139:14.
[97]Takahashi R,Nakanishi K,Soga N.2000.J.Sol-Gel Sci.Technol.17.
[98]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et ai.1996.Anal.Chem.68:3498.
[99]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2000.Anal.Chem.72:1275.
[100]Tanaka N,Kobayashi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2001.Anal.Chem.73:420A.
[101]Nakanishi K,Takahashi R,Nagakane T,et al.2000.J.Sol-Gel.Technol.17:191.
[102]Fields S M.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2709.
[103]Qu Q,S,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.983:255.
[104]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang L,et al.2005.Anal.Chem.77:5622.
[105]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang X K,et al.2005.Chem.J.Chinese U.26:2019.
[106]Hayes J.D.,Malik A.2000.Anal.Chem.72:4090.
[107]Constantin S,Freitag R.2003.J.Sol-Gel Sci.Tech.28:71.
[108]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang H,et al.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1046:255.
[109]Yan L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang W B,et al.2005.Electrophoresis.26:2935.
[110]Yan L J,Zhang Q H,Feng Y Q,et al.2006.J.Chromatogr.A.1121:92.
[111]Ding G S,Da Z L,Yuan R J,et al.2006.Electrophoresis.27:3363.
[112]Knox J H.2000.Trends Anal.Chem.19:643.
[113]邓宁.2005.电动分析中的微柱反相色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[114]Ministry of Health,Hygienic standards for use of food additives,Ministry of Health,P.R.China,GB 2760-1996,p.24.
[115]Ministry of Health,P.R.China,Hygienic standard for cosmetics,2007,p.72.
[116]何唯平,刘梅森.2004.中国食品添加剂.5:37.
[117]唐英章.2004.现代食品安全检测技术.北京:科学出版社.
[118]高鹤鹃.2000.食品中的有害物质.北京:北京工业出版社.
[119]Hannuksela M,Haahtela T.1987.Allergy.42:561.
[120]Juhlin L.1981.British Journalof Dermatology.104:369.
[121]Lahti A,Vaananen A,Kokkonen E L et al.1987.Contact Dermatitis.16:133.
[122]Rademaker M,Forsyth A.1989.Contact Dermatitis.20:104.
[123]Safford R J,Basketter D A,Allenby C F et al.1990.British Journal of Dermatology.123:595.
[124]WHO(1997).Evaluation of some food additives and contaminants.Technical Report Series,868.
[125]盛丽,苏碧泉.2004.新型食品防腐剂山梨酸.化学教育.7:8.
[126]Walker R.1990.Food Additives and Contaminants.7:671.
[127]Hajkova R,Solich P,Pospisilova M et al.2002.Anal.Chim.Acta.467:91..
[128]Mahuzier P E,Altria K D,Clark B J.2001.Journal of Chromatography A.924:465.
[129]陈正行,狄济乐.2002.食品添加剂新产品与新技术.南京:江苏科学技术出版社.
[130]Thomassin M,Cavalli E,Guillaum Y et al.1997.J.Phar.Bio.Anal.15:831.
[131]Harry M,Pylypiw J,Maureen T G.2000.Journal of Chromatograhhy A.883:299.
[132]Isabel M P L V O,Ferreira et al.2000.Food Research International.33:113.
[133]Tfouni S A V,Toledo M C F.2002.Food Control.13:117.
[134]Bahruddin S,Fazlul Bari.2005.J.Chromatogr.A.1073:393.
[135]Kuo K L,Hsieh Y Z.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.768:334.
[136]Heo Y J,Lee K J.1998.J.Phar.Bio.Anal.17:1371.
[137]Huang H Y,Lai Y C,Chiu C W,et al.J.Chromatogr.A.993:153.
[138]González M,Galleo M,Valcárcel M.J.Chromatogr.A.823:321.
[139]李英,刘丽,刘志红.2003.色谱.21:170.
[140]鲍忠定,许佳飞,许荣年等.2004.分析化学.32:270.
[141]Hennion M C.1999.J.Chromatogr.A.856,3.
[142]Pawhszyn J.1997.Solid phase microextraction-Theory and Practice,New York:Wiley-VCH.
[143]Jeannot M A,Cantwell F F.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2236.
[144]Ouyang G F,Zhao W N,Pawliszyn J.2005.Anal.Chem.77:8122.
[145]Zougagh M,Valcarcel M,Rios A.2004.Trends in Anal.Chem.23:399.
[146]Xiong G,Liang J,Zou S.1994.Anal.Chim.Acta.371:97.
[1]Boyce M C.2001.Electrophoresis.22:1447.
[2]Soni M G,Carabin I G,Burdock G A.2005.Food Chem.Toxicoi.43:985.
[3]Cantwel l F F.1976.Anal.Chem.48:1854.
[4]Harvey P W.2003.J.Appl.Toxicol.23:285.
[5]Routledge E J,Parker J,Odum J,et al.1998.Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.153:12.
[6]Ministry of Health,P.R.China,Hygienic standard for cosmetics,2007,p 72.
[7]Marengo E,Gianotti V,Angioi S,Gennaro M C.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1029:57.
[8]Mikami E,Goto T,Ohno T,et al.2002.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.28:261.
[9]Sottofattori E,Anzaldi M,Balbi A,Tonello G.1998.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.18:213.
[10]Thomassin M,Cavalli E,Guillaume Y,et al.1997.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.15:831.
[11]Baalbaki B,Blanchin M,Fabre H.2002.Anal.Chim.Acta.463:15.
[12]Mahuzier P E,Altria K D,Clark B J.2001.J.Chromatogr.A.924:465.
[13]Kuo K L,Hsieh Y Z.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.768:334.
[14]Huang H Y,Lai Y C,Chiu C W,Yeh J M.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.993:153.
[15]He S H,Zhao Y F,Zhu Z W,et al.2006.Talanta 69:166.
[16]Ruzicka J,Hansen E H.1975.Anal.Chim.Acta.78:145.
[17](?)atinsky D,Solich P,Chocholous P,Karlicek R.2003.Anal.Chim.Acta.499:205.
[18] Satinsky D, Huclova J, Solich P, Karlicek R. 2003. J. Chromatogr. A. 1015:239.
[19] Satfnsky D, Huclova J, Ferreira R L C, et al. 2006. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 40:287.
[20] Myint A, Zhang Q L, Liu L J, Cui H. 2004. Anal. Chim. Acta. 517:119.
[21] Cheng Y Q, Chen H L, Li Y Q, et al. 2004. Talanta. 63:491.
[22] Fang Z L, Liu Z S, Shen Q. 1997. Anal. Chim. Acta. 346:135.
[23] Kuban P, Karlberg B. 1997. Anal. Chem. 69:1169.
[24] Liu L H, Chen X G, Hu Z D. 2007. Talanta 71:155.
[25] Kuban P, Karlberg B. 1998. Talanta 45:477.
[26] Chen H L, Wang K T, Pu Q S, et al. 2002. Electrophoresis. 23:2865.
[27] Chen H W, Fang Z L. 1998. Anal. Chim. Acta. 376:209.
[28] Chen H W, Fang Z L. 1997. Anal. Chim. Acta. 355:135.
[29] Arce L, Kuban P, Rios A, et al. 1999. Anal. Chim. Acta. 390:39.
[30] Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. 1995. Chromatographia. 40:474.
[31] Zhang Z Q, Ma J, Lei Y, et al. 2007. Talanta. 71:2056.
[32] Kuban P, Engstrom A, Olsson J C, et al. 1997. Anal. Chim. Acta. 337:117.
[33] Tempels F W A, Teeuwsen J, Kyriakou I K, et al. 2004. J. Chromatogr. A. 1053:263.
[34] Hu Y Y, He Y Z, Qian L L. 2005. Anal. Chim. Acta. 536:251.
[35] Tarabe S, Otsuka K, Ichikawa K. 1984. Anal. Chem. 56: 111.
[1]牟冠文,李光浩.2006.食品与发酵工业.32:103.
[2]Jay J M.1996.Modern Food Microbiology.New York:Chapman & Hall.
[3]Kimble C H.1977.Chemical Food Preservatives.Philadelphia:Lea & Febiger.p8343.
[4]陈国安,杨凯,彭昌亚等.2003.中国调味品.289:32.
[5]何唯平,刘梅森.2004.中国食品添加剂.5:37.
[6]Hannuksela M,Haahtela T.1987.Hapersensitivity reactions to food additives.42(8):561-575.
[7]Ruzicka J,Marshall G D.1990.Anal.Chim.Acta.237:329.
[8]Reis B F,Giné M F,Zagatto E A G,et al.1994.Anal.Chim.Aeta.293:129.
[9]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26:125.
[10]Wang L,He Y Z,Fu G N,et al.2006.Talanta.70(2):358.
[11]Wang L,He Y Z,Deng N,et al.2006.Instrum.Sci.Technol.34:743.
[12]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26(2):125.
[13]Gan W E,Yang L,He Y Z,et al.2000.Talanta.51(4):667.
[14]Zhao Y Q,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2002.Talanta.56(4):619.
[15]Li L Q,Fang L,He Y Z.2003.Instrum.Sci.Technol.31:269.
[16]Hu Y Y,He Y Z,Qian L L,et al.2005.Anal.Chim.Acta.536(1-2):251.
[17]周春红,董文彬.2003.食品科技.5:80-82.
[18]Han F,He Y Z,Yu C Z.2008.Talanta.74:1371.
[19]钱立立.2007.(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[20]中华人民共和周国家标准食品添加剂卫生标准 GB 2760-1996.
[1]Mikami E,Goto T,Ohno T,et al.2002.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.28:261.
[2]Kimbel C H.1977.Chemical Food Preservatives,Philadelphia,Lea & Febiger.p.834.
[3]Soni M G,Burdock G.A,Taylor S L,et al.2001.Food Chem.Toxicol.39:513
[4]Darbre P D.2003.J.Appl.Toxicol.23:89.
[5]Ruzicka J,Marshall G D.1990.Anal.Chim.Acta.237:329.
[6]Reis B F,Giné M F,Zagatto E A G,et al.1994.Anal.Chim.Acta.293:129.
[7]何友昭,淦五二,张敏等.1998.分析化学.26(2):125.
[8]Gan W E,Yang L,He Y Z,et al.2000.Talanta.51:667.
[9]Wang L,He Y Z,Fu G N,et al.2006.Talanta.70:358.
[10]Yang L,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2001.Talanta.55:271.
[11]Zhao Y Q,He Y Z,Gan W E,et al.2002.Talanta.56:619.
[12]Hu Y Y,He Y Z,Qian L L.2005.Anal.Chim.Acta.536:251.
[13]He Y Z,Cervera M L,Pastor A,et al.2001.Anal.Chim.Acta.447:135.
[14]Fu G N,He Y Z,Wang L,et al.2006.Anal.Sci.22:883.
[15]Ministry of Health,Hygienic standards for use of food additives,Ministry of Health,P.R.China,GB 2760-1996,p.24.
[1]王蕾.2000.电动分析系统的色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[2]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et al.1996.Anal.Chem.68:3498.
[3]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et al.1997.J.Chromatogr.A.762:135.
[4]Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,Soga N,et al.1998.J.Chromatogr.A.797:121.
[5]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.1998.J.Chromatogr.A.797:133.
[6]Minakuchi H,Ishizuka N,Nakanishi K,et al.1998.J.Chromatogr.A.828:83.
[7]Nakanishi K,Shikata H,lshizuka N,er al.2000.J High Resolut.Chromatogr.23:106.
[8]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2001.Colloid Surf.A.187:273.
[9]Ishizuka N,Minakuchi H,Nakanishi K,et al.2000.Anal.Chem.72:1275.
[10]Ishizuka N,Kobayashi H,Minakuchi H,et al.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.960:85.
[11]Motokawa M,Kobayashi H,Ishizuka N,et al.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.961:53.
[12]Dams R,Benijts T,Gunther W,et al.2002.Anal.Chem.74:3206.
[13]Jakab A,Forgacs E.2002.Chromatographia.56:S69.
[14]Hsieh Y,Wang G F,Wang Y G,et al.2003.Anal.Chem.75:1812.
[15]Fields S M.1996.Anal.Chem.68:2709.
[16]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang L,et al.2005.Anal.Chem.77:5622.
[17]Deng N,He Y Z,Wang X K,et al.2005.Chem.J.Chinese U.26:2019.
[18]L.Wang,Y.Z.He,G.N.Fu,et al.2006.Talanta 70:358.
[19]L Wang,Y.Z.He,N.Deng,et al.2006.Instrum.Sci.Technol.34:743.
[20]Chen Z L,Hobo T.2001.Electrophoresis.22:3339.
[21]Chen Z L,Hobo T.2001.Anal.Chem.73:3348.
[22]Chen Z L,Uchiyama K,Hobo T.2002.J.Chromatogr.A.942:83.
[23]Chen Z L,Ozawa H,Uchiyama K,et al.2003.Electrophoresis.24:2550.
[24]Liu Z,Otsuka K,Terabe S,et al.2002.Electrophoresis.23:2973.
[25]Massolini G,Calleri E,Lavecchia A,et al.2003.Anal.Chem.75:535.
[26]Calleri E,Massolini G,Lubda D,et al.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1031:93.
[27]Miyazaki S,Miah M Y,Morisato K,et al.2005.J.Sep.Sci.28:39.
[28]Xie C H,Hu J W,Xiao H,et al.2005.J.Sep.Sci.28:751.
[29]Preinerstorfer B,Lubda D,Lindner W,et al.2006.J.Chromatogr.A.1106:94.
[30]Constantin S,Freitag R.2003.J.Sol-Gel Sci.Tech.28:71.
[31]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang H,et al.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1046:255.
[32]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Zhang W B,et al.2005.Electrophoresis.26:2935.
[33]Yah L J,Zhang Q H,Feng Y Q,et al.2006.J.Chromatogr.A.1121:92.
[33]Ding G S,Da Z L,Yuan R J,et al.2006,Electrophoresis.27:3363.
[34]J.H.Knox,I.H.Grant.1987.Chromatographia.24:135.
[35]J.H.Knox.1988.Chromatographia.26:329.
[36]J.H.Knox,I.H.Grant.1991.Chromatographia.32:317.
[37]C.Yah,D.Schaufelberger,F.Erni.1994.J.Chromatogr.A.670:15.
[38]B.Scherer,F.Steiner.2001.Chromatographia.54:155.
[39]Q.S.Qu,Y.Z.He,W.E.Gan,et al.2003.J.Chromatogr.A.983:255.
[40]Q.S.Qu,Y.Z.He,W.E.Gan,et al.Chinese J.Anal.Chem.31:698.
[41]邓宁.2005.电动分析中的微柱反相色谱分离研究(D):博士.合肥.中国科学技术大学.
[42]Rodriguez S A,Colon L A.1999.Anal.Chim.Acta.397:207.
[43]Mercier L,Pinnavaia T J.2000.Chem.Mater.12:185.
[44]Brinker C,Scherer G W.1990.Sol-Gel Science.The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing(Academic Press Eds.,1990).
[1]Jorgenson J W,Lukacs K D,J.Chromatogr.1981,218:209.
[2]邹汉法.毛细管电色谱及其应用.科学出版社,2001.
[3]张维冰.毛细管电色谱理论基础.科学出版社,2006.
[4]Tsuda T.1987.Anal.Chem.59:521.
[5]Enlund A M,Anderson M E,Hagman G.2004.J.Chromatogr.A.1044:153.
[6]Strickmann B C,Gottfried B,Claudia D,Salvatore F.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.887(1/2):393.
[7]Hugener M,Tinker A P,Nissen W MA.1993.J.Chromatogr.A.647:375.
[8]Ru Q,Luo G,Fu Y.2001.J.Chromatogr.A.924(1/2):331.
[9]Thomas E,Unger K K.1996.Trends in Analytical Chemistry.15(9):463.
[10]Gfroerer P,Tseng L,Rapp E,Albert K,Bayer E.2001.Anal.Chem.73:1432.
[11]Ru Q,Yao J,Luo G,Zhang Y,Yan C.2000.J.Chromatogr.A.894(1/2):337.
[12]张丽华.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所博士论文.大连,2001.
[11]邓宁.中国科学技术大学博士论文.合肥,2005.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |