原木旋切最优定心理论的研究
摘要
原木定心技术在木材加工生产中有着广泛应用。精确定心对提高木材利用率及经济
效益是十分重要的。本文综合世界森林资源短缺及科学技术进步情况，在分析现有定心
技术的基础上，提出了采用计算机模拟原木来确定原木最佳回转中心的课题。
本研究首先采用了计算机控制的激光扫描检测系统，对原木进行动态检测、数据转
换及图形显示。具体作法是：在木段长度方向均匀设置四个激光传感器，当木段旋转时，
起动激光传感器，进行数据采集，每隔10~0扫描一个点，在各横断面圆周上共采集36个
点的数据，由计算机处理采集的数据，并绘制出原木横断面的几何图形，再根据三点定
圆的原理，确定出最大内接圆；其次，模拟原木三维廓形，即将原木相邻横断面上离散
点沿着母线方向连线，由计算机分析处理，绘制原木三维廓形；最后，采用投影法，优
化出原木最大内接圆柱体，并确定原木回转中心线。从计算机模拟的图形和原木实物图
片的对照表明：该论文设计的技术路线是正确的，实现定心的数学方法是合理的，定心
的精度可满足实际生产的要求。
通过本项研究，将提供计算机控制原木定心的理论方法，形成一个较完善的计算机
分析处理系统和软件系统，改变我国现阶段原木定心技术的落后状态，赶超世界先进水
平。
Log centering technology is widely used in woodworking productions. The accuracy of log centering is very important for improving utilization of the raw material and economical efficiency. In this thesis, it is suggested that computer simulates the peripheries of log and determines the best-oriented center of log. Based on the present technology of Log centering and the situation of the lack of forest resources in the world and of the progressing of science technology.
Firstly, the laser scanner measuring system controlled by computer is applied. The system can make dynamic measuring, data processing and geometric pattern available. The system utilized four laser scanners along lengthwise direction of the log. Data are obtained in every ten degrees when log is turning, in each cross section, 36 data are obtained. Then the data obtained were processed and an outline of the cross section of the log was developed on computer screen. Afterwards, the largest inscribed circles for log cross sections were determined according to the principle that three points can determine a circle. Secondly, the points located on the cross sections were linked up along some log generative in order to simulate the three-dimension log outline. At last the largest right circular cylinder were optimized and the optimum turning center was determined by means of projective theory. Compared the geometric figure simulated by computer with the log picture, it is showed that the design for the technical
line is right and the mathematical methods is reasonable and the accuracy of log centering is accurate.
We give a theory method about the computer log centering through the research, a perfect computer analyzing and processing system, also a software system are supplied. This will greatly change the present-backward state in log centering technology.
效益是十分重要的。本文综合世界森林资源短缺及科学技术进步情况，在分析现有定心
技术的基础上，提出了采用计算机模拟原木来确定原木最佳回转中心的课题。
本研究首先采用了计算机控制的激光扫描检测系统，对原木进行动态检测、数据转
换及图形显示。具体作法是：在木段长度方向均匀设置四个激光传感器，当木段旋转时，
起动激光传感器，进行数据采集，每隔10~0扫描一个点，在各横断面圆周上共采集36个
点的数据，由计算机处理采集的数据，并绘制出原木横断面的几何图形，再根据三点定
圆的原理，确定出最大内接圆；其次，模拟原木三维廓形，即将原木相邻横断面上离散
点沿着母线方向连线，由计算机分析处理，绘制原木三维廓形；最后，采用投影法，优
化出原木最大内接圆柱体，并确定原木回转中心线。从计算机模拟的图形和原木实物图
片的对照表明：该论文设计的技术路线是正确的，实现定心的数学方法是合理的，定心
的精度可满足实际生产的要求。
通过本项研究，将提供计算机控制原木定心的理论方法，形成一个较完善的计算机
分析处理系统和软件系统，改变我国现阶段原木定心技术的落后状态，赶超世界先进水
平。
Log centering technology is widely used in woodworking productions. The accuracy of log centering is very important for improving utilization of the raw material and economical efficiency. In this thesis, it is suggested that computer simulates the peripheries of log and determines the best-oriented center of log. Based on the present technology of Log centering and the situation of the lack of forest resources in the world and of the progressing of science technology.
Firstly, the laser scanner measuring system controlled by computer is applied. The system can make dynamic measuring, data processing and geometric pattern available. The system utilized four laser scanners along lengthwise direction of the log. Data are obtained in every ten degrees when log is turning, in each cross section, 36 data are obtained. Then the data obtained were processed and an outline of the cross section of the log was developed on computer screen. Afterwards, the largest inscribed circles for log cross sections were determined according to the principle that three points can determine a circle. Secondly, the points located on the cross sections were linked up along some log generative in order to simulate the three-dimension log outline. At last the largest right circular cylinder were optimized and the optimum turning center was determined by means of projective theory. Compared the geometric figure simulated by computer with the log picture, it is showed that the design for the technical
line is right and the mathematical methods is reasonable and the accuracy of log centering is accurate.
We give a theory method about the computer log centering through the research, a perfect computer analyzing and processing system, also a software system are supplied. This will greatly change the present-backward state in log centering technology.
引文
[1] Ratue Company Computerized Block Centering Products Samples, 1994.
[2] 金维珠等．世界原木定心技术现状及发展趋势．世界林业研究，1999，12(4)：28～32
[3] 那振鹏．扫描技术在制材工业中的应用，木工机床，1990，(4)：1～5．
[4] Compiled by Robert Forest Scanners and Optimizers. Logging & Saw Milling Journal July/August 1995,35.
[5] 韩玉杰等．计算机控制激光扫描识别木段横断面图形的研究．木材工业，1999，(1)：13～14．
[6] 韩玉杰等．计算机模拟原木横断面确定最大内接圆的实验研究．木工机械与木工设备，1999，11．
[7] 孙家广等．计算机图形学．北京清华大学出版社，1995．
[8] 金维珠等．缺陷原木断面最大内接圆计算机模拟方法的研究．木工机床，1999，1．
[9] Wang A Chuan et al. Computerized Simulative Method of Three Dimensions Outline of Log. Journal of Forestry Research, Vol.10, No. 2, June 1999.
[10] 蔡立新等．谈谈原木三点机械定心．木工机床，1992，(4)：7～8
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[12] 童雀菊等．二次曲线在原木外形拟合中的应用．林产工业，1996．23(2)：29～30．
[13] 童雀菊等．用图像处理法采集原木形状参数的研究．林业科学，1998，34(3)：87～95
[14] 孙家广等．计算机辅助设计技术基础．清华大学出版社，1990
[15] ED M. Williston. Lumber Manufacturing. Miller Freeman Publicatons, Inc. 1988.
[16] 赵立．美国人造板工业发展动向及工艺技术新进展．世界林业研究，1992，5(3)：63-69
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[18] 陆仁书主编．胶合板制造学．北京，中国林业出版社，1993．
[19] 中国林科院情报所．国外80年代胶合板复杂特点及技术水平．国外林业动态，1990，(6)．
[20] 王建和．国外制材扫描技术的新进展．木工机床，1990，3．
[21] 李坚等．木材科学．东北林业大学出版社，1994．
[22] 王克奇．人造板表面缺陷的自动检测．林业机械，1995，(5)：37～38
[23] 王克奇．木质材料表面缺陷计算机视觉测量的识别方法：林业科学，1996，32(1)：92～96
[24] 王积分等．计算机图象识别．北京，中国铁道出版社，1998
[25] 王金满等．木材构造计算机视觉分析方法．东北林业大学学报，1993，21(2)：34～35
[26] 王金满等．计算机视觉技术在木材工业科研与生产中的应用．世界林业研究．1994，(3)：49～55
[27] 赵荣椿．数字图象处理导论．西安，西北工业大学出版社，1995
[28] 田春秀行等。计算机图象技术．北京，北京师范大学出版社，1998
[29] 徐士良．计算机常用算法．清华大学出版社．1995
[30] 徐建华．图象处理与分析．北京，科学出版社，1992
[31] 徐彦欣等．图象处理在机械工程领域中的应用与前景展望．机械，1999，26(5)：48～50
[32] 王恺等．当代木材加工技术发展态势．木材工业，1997，11(50：14～17．
[33] 王恺等．高新技术在木材工业中的应用．木材工业，1993，7(1)：2～5．
[34] 王恺等．国外小径原木加工与利用现状及进展．世界林业研究，1991，5(3)：69～75．
[35] 曹忠荣．国外胶合板生产发展趋向和我国的对策．世界林业研究，1991，5(3)：76～82．
[36] 唐泽圣等编著．计算机图形学基础，北京，清华大学出版社，1994．
[37] H．J．巴茨著，数学公式手册．北京，科学技术出版社，1987
[38] 孙友富等．论计算机在制材工业中的应用．中国木材。1999，(3)：29～32
[39] 阮秋琦．数字图象处理基础．中国铁道出版社，1988．
[40] 卢振荣编著．计算机绘图初步．西安交通大学出版社，1985．
[41] 江西省木材工业研究所编著．人造板生产手册，1976．
[42] 朱玉杰等．原木检测及营销．东北林业大学出版社．1997
[43] 汤晓华．旋切六点定心理论及数学模拟研究．博士学位论文，2002，5
[44] 金维洙等．计算机模拟离散原木最优定心理论方法的研究．木材加工机械．2000，11(3)：8～14．
[45] Bryan-R.W. Special Topic Electronics in Mills and Woods. Forest Industries. 1997,106(1):19～21
[46] Alonimonos Y Rosenfield A. Computer Vision Science, 1991
[47] Anil K J, Chitra D. Practicing Vision Integration Evaluation and Application. ACCV' 95 Concorde Hotel Singapore Souvenir Magazine. 1995:15～23
[48] Ballad H. Computer Vision. New Jersey, Print Ice-Hall Inc, 1982
[49] Charles W.M. Application of Automatic Image Analysis to Wood Science. Wood Science. 1982. 14(3):36～39
[50] Claus Staalner. Automated Vision System: They Are Not Just 'Alchemu'. Wood Technology. 1999, (3):40～41
[51] D.S. Mckenize, S.R. Protheroe. Curve Description Using the Inverse tough Transform. Pattern Recognition, 1990, vol. 23, No. 3.4:283～290
[52] Evans. R. Rapid Measurement of The Transverse Dimensions of Tracheids Radial Wood Sections From Pinus Radiata. Holz Forschung. 1994,48(2):168～172
[53] Haddon J.F, Boyce J.F. Image Segmentation by Unifying Region And Boundary Information. IEEE PAMI. 1990, 12:929～948
[54] Julius S. Using Digital Image Analysis to Determine the Reinforcement of Wood Fiber Polyurethane Composites. M.S Thesis, Michigan Technological University. 1992
[55] Julian Hochbrg. Machines Should not See as People Do, But Must Know How People See. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 1989, Vol. 37:221～237
[56] Lois Hertz and Ronald W. Schafer. Multilevel Threshold Using Edge Matching. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 1988, Vol. 44:279～295
[57] Lowe D.C. Three-Dimensional Object Recognition from Single Two Dimensional Image. Artificial Intelligence. 1987,37:355～395
[58] Marr D. A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of visual Information. W.H. Freeman and company San Francisco, 1982
[59] M.A. sid-ahmed. A Hardware structure for the Automatic Selection of Multi-level Thresholds in Digital Image. Pattern Recognition. 1992, (12):1517～1528
[60] Milan Sonka. Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision. Chapman & Hall Computing. 1993
[61] Negahdaripour S Jain A.K. Final Report of the NSF Workshop on the Challenges in Computer Vision Research: Future Direction of Research. Mani Hawii, 1991
[62] Pavilidis T. Algorithms for Graphics and Image Processing. Computer Science. 1982
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[68] United States Patent 19 Patent Number: 5,582,224 Date of Patent: Dec. 10,1996
[2] 金维珠等．世界原木定心技术现状及发展趋势．世界林业研究，1999，12(4)：28～32
[3] 那振鹏．扫描技术在制材工业中的应用，木工机床，1990，(4)：1～5．
[4] Compiled by Robert Forest Scanners and Optimizers. Logging & Saw Milling Journal July/August 1995,35.
[5] 韩玉杰等．计算机控制激光扫描识别木段横断面图形的研究．木材工业，1999，(1)：13～14．
[6] 韩玉杰等．计算机模拟原木横断面确定最大内接圆的实验研究．木工机械与木工设备，1999，11．
[7] 孙家广等．计算机图形学．北京清华大学出版社，1995．
[8] 金维珠等．缺陷原木断面最大内接圆计算机模拟方法的研究．木工机床，1999，1．
[9] Wang A Chuan et al. Computerized Simulative Method of Three Dimensions Outline of Log. Journal of Forestry Research, Vol.10, No. 2, June 1999.
[10] 蔡立新等．谈谈原木三点机械定心．木工机床，1992，(4)：7～8
[11] 刘渝．两种日本新型原木定心装置．林产工业，1984．(6)：16～18
[12] 童雀菊等．二次曲线在原木外形拟合中的应用．林产工业，1996．23(2)：29～30．
[13] 童雀菊等．用图像处理法采集原木形状参数的研究．林业科学，1998，34(3)：87～95
[14] 孙家广等．计算机辅助设计技术基础．清华大学出版社，1990
[15] ED M. Williston. Lumber Manufacturing. Miller Freeman Publicatons, Inc. 1988.
[16] 赵立．美国人造板工业发展动向及工艺技术新进展．世界林业研究，1992，5(3)：63-69
[17] 王彤．PC机在测量控制中的应用．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1995．
[18] 陆仁书主编．胶合板制造学．北京，中国林业出版社，1993．
[19] 中国林科院情报所．国外80年代胶合板复杂特点及技术水平．国外林业动态，1990，(6)．
[20] 王建和．国外制材扫描技术的新进展．木工机床，1990，3．
[21] 李坚等．木材科学．东北林业大学出版社，1994．
[22] 王克奇．人造板表面缺陷的自动检测．林业机械，1995，(5)：37～38
[23] 王克奇．木质材料表面缺陷计算机视觉测量的识别方法：林业科学，1996，32(1)：92～96
[24] 王积分等．计算机图象识别．北京，中国铁道出版社，1998
[25] 王金满等．木材构造计算机视觉分析方法．东北林业大学学报，1993，21(2)：34～35
[26] 王金满等．计算机视觉技术在木材工业科研与生产中的应用．世界林业研究．1994，(3)：49～55
[27] 赵荣椿．数字图象处理导论．西安，西北工业大学出版社，1995
[28] 田春秀行等。计算机图象技术．北京，北京师范大学出版社，1998
[29] 徐士良．计算机常用算法．清华大学出版社．1995
[30] 徐建华．图象处理与分析．北京，科学出版社，1992
[31] 徐彦欣等．图象处理在机械工程领域中的应用与前景展望．机械，1999，26(5)：48～50
[32] 王恺等．当代木材加工技术发展态势．木材工业，1997，11(50：14～17．
[33] 王恺等．高新技术在木材工业中的应用．木材工业，1993，7(1)：2～5．
[34] 王恺等．国外小径原木加工与利用现状及进展．世界林业研究，1991，5(3)：69～75．
[35] 曹忠荣．国外胶合板生产发展趋向和我国的对策．世界林业研究，1991，5(3)：76～82．
[36] 唐泽圣等编著．计算机图形学基础，北京，清华大学出版社，1994．
[37] H．J．巴茨著，数学公式手册．北京，科学技术出版社，1987
[38] 孙友富等．论计算机在制材工业中的应用．中国木材。1999，(3)：29～32
[39] 阮秋琦．数字图象处理基础．中国铁道出版社，1988．
[40] 卢振荣编著．计算机绘图初步．西安交通大学出版社，1985．
[41] 江西省木材工业研究所编著．人造板生产手册，1976．
[42] 朱玉杰等．原木检测及营销．东北林业大学出版社．1997
[43] 汤晓华．旋切六点定心理论及数学模拟研究．博士学位论文，2002，5
[44] 金维洙等．计算机模拟离散原木最优定心理论方法的研究．木材加工机械．2000，11(3)：8～14．
[45] Bryan-R.W. Special Topic Electronics in Mills and Woods. Forest Industries. 1997,106(1):19～21
[46] Alonimonos Y Rosenfield A. Computer Vision Science, 1991
[47] Anil K J, Chitra D. Practicing Vision Integration Evaluation and Application. ACCV' 95 Concorde Hotel Singapore Souvenir Magazine. 1995:15～23
[48] Ballad H. Computer Vision. New Jersey, Print Ice-Hall Inc, 1982
[49] Charles W.M. Application of Automatic Image Analysis to Wood Science. Wood Science. 1982. 14(3):36～39
[50] Claus Staalner. Automated Vision System: They Are Not Just 'Alchemu'. Wood Technology. 1999, (3):40～41
[51] D.S. Mckenize, S.R. Protheroe. Curve Description Using the Inverse tough Transform. Pattern Recognition, 1990, vol. 23, No. 3.4:283～290
[52] Evans. R. Rapid Measurement of The Transverse Dimensions of Tracheids Radial Wood Sections From Pinus Radiata. Holz Forschung. 1994,48(2):168～172
[53] Haddon J.F, Boyce J.F. Image Segmentation by Unifying Region And Boundary Information. IEEE PAMI. 1990, 12:929～948
[54] Julius S. Using Digital Image Analysis to Determine the Reinforcement of Wood Fiber Polyurethane Composites. M.S Thesis, Michigan Technological University. 1992
[55] Julian Hochbrg. Machines Should not See as People Do, But Must Know How People See. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 1989, Vol. 37:221～237
[56] Lois Hertz and Ronald W. Schafer. Multilevel Threshold Using Edge Matching. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 1988, Vol. 44:279～295
[57] Lowe D.C. Three-Dimensional Object Recognition from Single Two Dimensional Image. Artificial Intelligence. 1987,37:355～395
[58] Marr D. A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of visual Information. W.H. Freeman and company San Francisco, 1982
[59] M.A. sid-ahmed. A Hardware structure for the Automatic Selection of Multi-level Thresholds in Digital Image. Pattern Recognition. 1992, (12):1517～1528
[60] Milan Sonka. Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision. Chapman & Hall Computing. 1993
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