基于FPGA的多路QCM湿度传感器设计与实现
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摘要
湿度测量对于现代生产、生活,不管是粮食仓储、作物种植、纸张存放,还是家居、办公室、实验室环境等,都有重要作用。相关湿度传感器的设计已经有了不少的研究。石英晶体微天平湿度传感器能够实现数字化测量,通过结合数字电子设备就可以实现湿度的测量。FPGA内部资源丰富,能实现强大的电路功能,并且设计周期短,开发费用低。本文主要针对石英晶体湿度传感器的测量系统,设计了FPGA作为核心器件的QCM湿度传感器,简化了QCM湿度传感器的系统电路结构。
本文分析比较了几种QCM湿度传感器的测量方法,在此基础上根据FPGA的特点,制定了以QCM振荡电路法为核心的测量方法；阐述了该QCM湿度传感器测量系统的工作原理、系统构成；完成了由74HC04晶体振荡电路、FPGA核心测量电路和液晶LCD1602显示电路构成的湿度测量系统的主要软硬件设计。
制作了整体实物测量电路,选用了两种湿敏材料为基础的QCM湿度传感器,采集了相对湿度与谐振频率变化量的实验数据；测试了QCM湿度传感器短期工作的稳定性能；分析了实验结果,采用最小二乘法对实验数据进行了线性拟合；设计了一种最少分段最小二乘线性拟合法,使拟合度大大提高；文末总结全文,对设计的不足之处提出改进的建议。
经过对湿度传感器的系统测试验证了本设计方法的可行性,证明了该系统能够达到预期的设计目标。
Humidity measurement for modern production, life, whether it is food storage, crop planting, paper storage, or home, office, laboratory environment, which have an important role. Relative humidity sensor design has a lot of research. Quartz crystal microbalance humidity sensor measurement can be achieved through a combination of digital electronic devices. FPGA internal resource-rich, powerful circuit functions can be achieved, and the design cycle is short, the development costs low. This paper mainly quartz crystal humidity sensor measurement system, the design of the FPGA core components as QCM humidity sensor, humidity sensor simplifies the QCM system circuit structure.
This paper analyzes and compares several QCM humidity sensor measurement method, on this basis, according to the characteristics of FPGA, developed a method to QCM oscillator circuit as the core of measurement methods; expounded the QCM humidity sensor measuring system works, system structure; completed by the74HC04crystal oscillator circuit, FPGA core measuring circuit and LCD1602LCD display circuit humidity measurement system consisting of the major hardware and software design.
Making the overall physical measurement circuit, the choice of two kinds of moisture sensitive material based QCM humidity sensor, the relative humidity of collected amount of change in the resonant frequency of the experimental data; QCM humidity sensor test the stability of the short-term; analysis of the experimental results, experimental data using the least squares method for linear fitting; design of a linear least squares fitting segmented so fitting greatly improved; the end concludes the paper, the design of the inadequacies of the suggestions for improvement.
After a humidity sensor system testing verified the feasibility of the design methods, proved that the system is able to achieve the desired design goals.
本文分析比较了几种QCM湿度传感器的测量方法,在此基础上根据FPGA的特点,制定了以QCM振荡电路法为核心的测量方法；阐述了该QCM湿度传感器测量系统的工作原理、系统构成；完成了由74HC04晶体振荡电路、FPGA核心测量电路和液晶LCD1602显示电路构成的湿度测量系统的主要软硬件设计。
制作了整体实物测量电路,选用了两种湿敏材料为基础的QCM湿度传感器,采集了相对湿度与谐振频率变化量的实验数据；测试了QCM湿度传感器短期工作的稳定性能；分析了实验结果,采用最小二乘法对实验数据进行了线性拟合；设计了一种最少分段最小二乘线性拟合法,使拟合度大大提高；文末总结全文,对设计的不足之处提出改进的建议。
经过对湿度传感器的系统测试验证了本设计方法的可行性,证明了该系统能够达到预期的设计目标。
Humidity measurement for modern production, life, whether it is food storage, crop planting, paper storage, or home, office, laboratory environment, which have an important role. Relative humidity sensor design has a lot of research. Quartz crystal microbalance humidity sensor measurement can be achieved through a combination of digital electronic devices. FPGA internal resource-rich, powerful circuit functions can be achieved, and the design cycle is short, the development costs low. This paper mainly quartz crystal humidity sensor measurement system, the design of the FPGA core components as QCM humidity sensor, humidity sensor simplifies the QCM system circuit structure.
This paper analyzes and compares several QCM humidity sensor measurement method, on this basis, according to the characteristics of FPGA, developed a method to QCM oscillator circuit as the core of measurement methods; expounded the QCM humidity sensor measuring system works, system structure; completed by the74HC04crystal oscillator circuit, FPGA core measuring circuit and LCD1602LCD display circuit humidity measurement system consisting of the major hardware and software design.
Making the overall physical measurement circuit, the choice of two kinds of moisture sensitive material based QCM humidity sensor, the relative humidity of collected amount of change in the resonant frequency of the experimental data; QCM humidity sensor test the stability of the short-term; analysis of the experimental results, experimental data using the least squares method for linear fitting; design of a linear least squares fitting segmented so fitting greatly improved; the end concludes the paper, the design of the inadequacies of the suggestions for improvement.
After a humidity sensor system testing verified the feasibility of the design methods, proved that the system is able to achieve the desired design goals.
引文
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[4]秦永和.湿度传感器测试系统[D].黑龙江：哈尔滨工程大学,2003.
[5]Bruno Patissier. Humidity sensors for automotive, appliances and consumer applications[J]. Sensors and Actuators B,1999, (59):231-234.
[6]白韶红.湿度测量方法与仪器的发展[J].仪器仪表用户,2006,13(4)：1-3.
[7]F.W.Dunmore. An electron meter and its application to radio metergraph[J]. J Res Nat Bur Std,1938,20:723-744.
[8]崔国利.感湿元件湿度测试系统研究与开发[D].内蒙古：内蒙古工业大学,2009.
[9]黄安荣,洛如枋.国外气体、湿度传感器的研究动向——兼议我国湿度传感器技术问题及对策[J].化学传感器,1997,17(4)：253-263.
[10]王蕊.基于几种介孔结构材料的电阻型湿度传感器的性能研究[D].吉林：吉林大学,2010.
[11]Zhang Yongheng, Yu Rongli, et al. Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Carbon Nanotube Films Used as Humidity Sensor[J].Sensors and Actuators A,2005,120:142-146.
[12]Sauerbery G. The Use of Quartz Oscillators for Weighting thin Layers and for Micro-weighting[J].Z.Phys.,1959,155:206-222.
[13]King W H. Analytical Chemistry[J],1964,36:1735.
[14]H. Ito, S. kakuma, R, ohba, et al. Development of Humidity Sensor using Quartz Crystal Microbalance[C].SICE Annual Conference,2003.
[15]Pi G.S, Yi L.S, Chu C.L. A low humidity sensor made of quartz crystal microbalance coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Nafion composite material films[J]. Sensors and Actuators B,2006,115:338-343.
[16]K. Jaruwongrugsee, A. Wisitsoraat, A. Tuantranont, et al. Humidity Sensor Utilizing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes coated Quartz Crystal microbalance[C].IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference,2008.
[17]Yao Yao, Xiangdong Chen, Huihui Guo, et al. Graphene oxide thin film coated quartz crystal microbalance for humidity detection[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,257: 7778-7782.
[18]傅均,李光,邢建国.聚苯胺/Ti02修饰的QCM气敏传感器及湿度影响研究[J].传感技术学报,2011,24(4)：475-479.
[19]刘朝纯,戚国强,陈红伟等.FPGA在温、湿度监控系统中的应用[J].东北农业大学学报,2008,39(12)：96-98.
[20]中国机械工业联合会.GB/T 7665-2005传感器通用术语[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2005.
[21]全国物理化学计量技术委员会.JJF 1012-2007湿度与水分计量名次术语及定义[S].北京：国家质量监督检验检疫总局公告,2007.
[22]喻晓莉,杨建,倪彦.湿度传感器的选用及发展趋势[J].自动化技术与应用,2009,28(2)：107-110.
[23]张岩,胡秀芳,张济国.传感器应用技术[M].福建：福建科学技术出版社,2006.
[24]蒙成.微量质量传感器的研究—QCM湿度传感器的研究[D].江苏：江南大学,2012.
[25]芦力锋.湿度传感器稳定性的误差来源分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,19(18)：170-173.
[26]Virgil E. Bottom, A.B.,M.S., et al. Introduction quartz crystal unit design[M].NY, Van Nostrand Reingold Company,1982.
[27]栾桂东,张金铎,金欢阳.传感器及其应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[28]喻志伟.Zr02湿度传感器湿滞和温漂特性改善研究及其FPGA实现[D].大连：大连理工大学,2011.
[29]赵声衡,赵英.晶体振荡器[M].北京：科学出版社,2008.
[30]刘峰伟.压电生物传感器及其采集分析系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2004.
[31]徐晶.QCM传感器检测系统的研究[D].江苏：江苏大学,2009.
[32]R.L. Filler, J.R. Resonators for the microcomputer compensated crystal oscillator [A]. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control[C],1989:8-15.
[33]冯冠平.谐振传感理论及器件[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[34]徐秀明,王俊德,李海洋.QCM和SAW传感器的原理及其在现场检测中的应用[J].化学进展,2005,17(5)：878-880.
[35]A. Arnau. A review of interface electronic systems for AT-cut quartz crystal microbalance applications in liquids[J].Sensor,2008,8(1):370-411.
[36]蒋海峰,张培仁.基于相关性原理QCM频谱分析系统的设计[J].传感技术学报,2007,20(6)：1298-1302.
[37]刘小伟.差分石英晶体微天平的设计与构造[D].安徽：中国科学技术大学,2009.
[38]杨汉波.基于π网络石英晶体参数检测系统的研究[D].黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[39]李莺,罗毅.超高频数字频率计的设计[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版),2007,19(6)：666-668.
[40]肖春芳,韩绪鹏.基于单片机控制的数字频率计设计[J].电子设计工程,2012,20(1)：140-143.
[41]吕运朋,李海威,张全法等.基于ARM的嵌入式高精度频率计的设计[J].电子测量技术,2009,32(1)：73-76.
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