15万立方米浮放储罐静动力数值分析
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摘要
石油储罐是油田和石油化工及其相关企业应用非常广泛的容器,它是原料储备、油品调合和成品油输转的重要设备。随着油田的开发,石化工业的飞速发展,能源储备和输送战略地位不断提高,与常规储罐相比,大型油罐有利于节能投资,减少占地面积等优势,因此世界范围内,油罐大型化已成为发展的必然趋势。
储罐大型化同时带来许多新问题,静力方面如储罐的刚度降低,基础不均匀沉降加大,储罐长期使用导致底板褶皱变形,底板腐蚀漏油概率增多等。为解决这些问题提出了一些改善措施,其中新型环保型倒锥基础的出现是一项重大突破,即环保型基础即碎石环墙与环保技术的结合,基础顶面中间低、周围高,底板呈倒锥形,目前我国对该基础储罐的力学性能还不完全了解。在动力方面,储罐刚度降低,系统周期延长,以及高径比的变化,这对储罐的抗震性能均有很大影响,考虑到其存贮易燃、易爆介质,一旦发生地震灾害,其后果十分严重,同时易产生火灾和环境污染等次生灾害,因此有必要深入研究大型储罐的静动力性能。
论文以15万立方米大型浮放储罐为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究大型储罐的静动力性能,主要做了以下几方面工作:
1、总结了国内外储罐在静力及动力方面理论及试验研究的成果,提出尚存在的问题。
2、应用ADINA有限元软件,采用接触单元,考虑液固耦合,地基与基础的相互作用,建立储罐三维空间有限元模型,分析储罐底板、壁板以及地基应力的状态。
3、分析储液高度、地基刚度、基础坡度对储罐应力及底板变形的影响,提出了应力峰值简化的估算公式,针对工程应用,提出了基础锥面坡度合理的范围,并分析倒锥碎石环台基础的优点。
4、采用弹簧单元来模拟地基,分析了储罐液固耦合振动及液体晃动的固有频率及振型,研究浮顶对储罐模态的影响,并找出了对储罐两种振动形式影响比较大的系统参数。
5、选取四种典型地震波(四种场地)进行三维地震动激励,研究了储罐的地震动响应,并将分析结果与储罐规范进行比较。
6、对本文的研究内容进行了总结并提出了与本文研究工作密切相关尚需进一步研究的工作。
Oil storage tanks are extensively applicated containers in oil and petrochemical industries and related enterprises, they are quite important equipments for the crude oil reservation, oil refining, and oil-transferring. With the rapid development of the oil fields and petrochemical industry, the strategic position of energy reservation and distribution is constantly improved, compared with conventional storage tanks, large-scale tanks have many advantages, such as in favor of energy-saving investments, reducing the area of the land ,therefore, large-scale oil storage tanks have become an inevitable trend around the world.
The large-scale tanks also bring about many new problems, on statical aspect such as increasing uneven foundation settlement, leading to distortion of bottom plate due to long-term use, increasing the probability of oil leakage due to bottom plate's corrosion and so on. In order to resolve these problems, many measures are raised, and the appearance of the new environment-friendly down tapered foundation is an important breakthrough, it is product of gravel ring wall foundation and environmental protection technology, it’s outstanding feature is that the outer zone of the foundation is higher than the inner zone, so the bottom plate is like an down taper. However, the mechanical properties of this foundation are not completely understood by us. On dynamic aspect, there are also some problems, such as reduction of the tank stiffness, elongation of system period, change of the radio of height to diameter, which have a significant impact on the seismic performance of large-scale tank. Considering its storage of flammable, explosive media, the consequences are very serious in the event of earthquake disaster, and it is easy to produce secondary disasters such as fire disaster and environmental pollution, so an in-depth study of the static and dynamic properties of tanks is necessary.
In this paper the mechanical properties and dynamic properties of 15×104m3 unanchored tank are studied with numerical simulation method, the main contents are as follows:
(1)Static and dynamic research results of the storage tank are summed up, and the remaining problems are brought forward.
(2) The theree dimensional finite element model of large storage tank is established with ADINA software using contact element, considering liquid-solid coupling and interaction between bottom plate and foundation, the states of stress of the tank wall, bottom plate and foundation are analyzed.
(3)The impact of liquid height, foundation stiffness, the slope of foundation to stress of the tank and deformation of the bottom plate is analyzed; the simplified formulae to estimate the peak stress are put forward. In view of engineering application, the reasonable limits of the cone slope are analyzed, and the analysis of down tapered gravel foundation is also developed.
(4)Using spring element to simulate the foundation, the natural frequencies and vibration modes of liquid-structure coupling vibration and liquid sloshing are analyzed, the effect of floating roof is also carried out, and the key system parameters which have great impact on two types of vibration are found out.
(5)Four typical seismic waves (four sites) are selectde for three-dimensional seismic excitation, the seismic response of the tank is analyzed, and the results of the analysis are compared with those from well-known code formulae
(6)The main researches of this paper are summarized and the further research that is closely related to this article is put forward.
储罐大型化同时带来许多新问题,静力方面如储罐的刚度降低,基础不均匀沉降加大,储罐长期使用导致底板褶皱变形,底板腐蚀漏油概率增多等。为解决这些问题提出了一些改善措施,其中新型环保型倒锥基础的出现是一项重大突破,即环保型基础即碎石环墙与环保技术的结合,基础顶面中间低、周围高,底板呈倒锥形,目前我国对该基础储罐的力学性能还不完全了解。在动力方面,储罐刚度降低,系统周期延长,以及高径比的变化,这对储罐的抗震性能均有很大影响,考虑到其存贮易燃、易爆介质,一旦发生地震灾害,其后果十分严重,同时易产生火灾和环境污染等次生灾害,因此有必要深入研究大型储罐的静动力性能。
论文以15万立方米大型浮放储罐为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究大型储罐的静动力性能,主要做了以下几方面工作:
1、总结了国内外储罐在静力及动力方面理论及试验研究的成果,提出尚存在的问题。
2、应用ADINA有限元软件,采用接触单元,考虑液固耦合,地基与基础的相互作用,建立储罐三维空间有限元模型,分析储罐底板、壁板以及地基应力的状态。
3、分析储液高度、地基刚度、基础坡度对储罐应力及底板变形的影响,提出了应力峰值简化的估算公式,针对工程应用,提出了基础锥面坡度合理的范围,并分析倒锥碎石环台基础的优点。
4、采用弹簧单元来模拟地基,分析了储罐液固耦合振动及液体晃动的固有频率及振型,研究浮顶对储罐模态的影响,并找出了对储罐两种振动形式影响比较大的系统参数。
5、选取四种典型地震波(四种场地)进行三维地震动激励,研究了储罐的地震动响应,并将分析结果与储罐规范进行比较。
6、对本文的研究内容进行了总结并提出了与本文研究工作密切相关尚需进一步研究的工作。
Oil storage tanks are extensively applicated containers in oil and petrochemical industries and related enterprises, they are quite important equipments for the crude oil reservation, oil refining, and oil-transferring. With the rapid development of the oil fields and petrochemical industry, the strategic position of energy reservation and distribution is constantly improved, compared with conventional storage tanks, large-scale tanks have many advantages, such as in favor of energy-saving investments, reducing the area of the land ,therefore, large-scale oil storage tanks have become an inevitable trend around the world.
The large-scale tanks also bring about many new problems, on statical aspect such as increasing uneven foundation settlement, leading to distortion of bottom plate due to long-term use, increasing the probability of oil leakage due to bottom plate's corrosion and so on. In order to resolve these problems, many measures are raised, and the appearance of the new environment-friendly down tapered foundation is an important breakthrough, it is product of gravel ring wall foundation and environmental protection technology, it’s outstanding feature is that the outer zone of the foundation is higher than the inner zone, so the bottom plate is like an down taper. However, the mechanical properties of this foundation are not completely understood by us. On dynamic aspect, there are also some problems, such as reduction of the tank stiffness, elongation of system period, change of the radio of height to diameter, which have a significant impact on the seismic performance of large-scale tank. Considering its storage of flammable, explosive media, the consequences are very serious in the event of earthquake disaster, and it is easy to produce secondary disasters such as fire disaster and environmental pollution, so an in-depth study of the static and dynamic properties of tanks is necessary.
In this paper the mechanical properties and dynamic properties of 15×104m3 unanchored tank are studied with numerical simulation method, the main contents are as follows:
(1)Static and dynamic research results of the storage tank are summed up, and the remaining problems are brought forward.
(2) The theree dimensional finite element model of large storage tank is established with ADINA software using contact element, considering liquid-solid coupling and interaction between bottom plate and foundation, the states of stress of the tank wall, bottom plate and foundation are analyzed.
(3)The impact of liquid height, foundation stiffness, the slope of foundation to stress of the tank and deformation of the bottom plate is analyzed; the simplified formulae to estimate the peak stress are put forward. In view of engineering application, the reasonable limits of the cone slope are analyzed, and the analysis of down tapered gravel foundation is also developed.
(4)Using spring element to simulate the foundation, the natural frequencies and vibration modes of liquid-structure coupling vibration and liquid sloshing are analyzed, the effect of floating roof is also carried out, and the key system parameters which have great impact on two types of vibration are found out.
(5)Four typical seismic waves (four sites) are selectde for three-dimensional seismic excitation, the seismic response of the tank is analyzed, and the results of the analysis are compared with those from well-known code formulae
(6)The main researches of this paper are summarized and the further research that is closely related to this article is put forward.
引文
[1]土木学会新泻震害调查委员会.新泻地震震害调查报告,1966:1-20
[2]立式浮放储罐三维地震反应分析及试验研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2006:1-5
[3]孙建刚.立式储罐地震响应控制研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.
[4]孙永生,高油价下亚洲石化业的困扰和出路[J],环球石化.2005,(10):26-28
[5]武铜柱.大型立式油罐发展综述[J].石油化工设备技术,2004,25(3):56-59
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[7]李国深.大型变截面圆柱罐壁和罐底的应力分析[J].力学与实践,1979,1(4):38-41.
[8] Wu Tianyun. More accurate method devised for tank-bottom annular plate design[J]. Journal of Oil&Gas, 1996 94(21) :81-83
[9] Wu T Y, Liu G R. Comparison of design methods for a tank-bottom annular plate and concrete ringwall[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2000, 77(9) : 511-517.
[10]陈志平,蒋伟华,沈建民等.大型油罐大角焊缝处峰值应力分析[J].压力容器,2005,22(5):12-15.
[11]吴天云.油罐应力分析的新方法及其计算验证[J].石油化上设备,1997,26(5):15-19.
[12]傅强,陈志平,郑津洋.弹性基础上大型石油储罐的应力分析[J].化工机械,2002,29(4):210-213.
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[14] Mouse E A, Ruiz C. Stresses in cylindrical tanks due to uneven circumferential settlement [J]. Journal of Strain Analysis,1979, 1(4):7-9.
[15] Kamyab H, Palmer S C. Analysis of displacements and stresses in oil storage tanks caused by differential settlement [J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1989,203 (C 1): 61-70.
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[18] J. Mark F G Holst. J M Rotter. Nonlinear response and buckling of cylindrical tanks due to foundation settlement [A]. Proceedings, International Conference on design,inspection, maintenance and operation of cylindrical steel tanks and pipelines [C]. Prague, Czech Republic, 2003: 29-35.
[19]马玉红,邹君.大型圆筒形储罐有限元设计计算[J].炼油与化工,2002,13(3):26-28.
[20]李群生.弹性地基上大型圆筒形储罐应力分析[J].炼油设计,2002,32(4):56-59.
[21]张斌.储罐基础沉降与变形后的可靠度评价研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007.
[22]惠虎,宋虎堂,吴云龙等.大型原油储罐的有限元强度分析[J].油气储运,2004,23(12):12-25.
[23] K.A.R. Ismail, J.F.B. Leal & M.A. Zanardi. Models of liquid storage tanks[J]. Energy, 1997, 22(8): 805~815.
[24]沈建民.大型油罐的静强度及动力响应分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[25]周利剑.水平地震激励下立式储罐与地基相互作用动力响应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
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[2]立式浮放储罐三维地震反应分析及试验研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2006:1-5
[3]孙建刚.立式储罐地震响应控制研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.
[4]孙永生,高油价下亚洲石化业的困扰和出路[J],环球石化.2005,(10):26-28
[5]武铜柱.大型立式油罐发展综述[J].石油化工设备技术,2004,25(3):56-59
[6] J.B.Denham, J Russell, C M R Wills. How to Design a 600,000-Bbl Tank[J]. Hydrocarbon Processing, 1968, 47(5) :137-142
[7]李国深.大型变截面圆柱罐壁和罐底的应力分析[J].力学与实践,1979,1(4):38-41.
[8] Wu Tianyun. More accurate method devised for tank-bottom annular plate design[J]. Journal of Oil&Gas, 1996 94(21) :81-83
[9] Wu T Y, Liu G R. Comparison of design methods for a tank-bottom annular plate and concrete ringwall[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2000, 77(9) : 511-517.
[10]陈志平,蒋伟华,沈建民等.大型油罐大角焊缝处峰值应力分析[J].压力容器,2005,22(5):12-15.
[11]吴天云.油罐应力分析的新方法及其计算验证[J].石油化上设备,1997,26(5):15-19.
[12]傅强,陈志平,郑津洋.弹性基础上大型石油储罐的应力分析[J].化工机械,2002,29(4):210-213.
[13] S Timoshenko S, Woinowsky-Krieger. Theory of Plates and shells[M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company.Inc. New York , 1959: 466487.
[14] Mouse E A, Ruiz C. Stresses in cylindrical tanks due to uneven circumferential settlement [J]. Journal of Strain Analysis,1979, 1(4):7-9.
[15] Kamyab H, Palmer S C. Analysis of displacements and stresses in oil storage tanks caused by differential settlement [J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1989,203 (C 1): 61-70.
[16]曹庆帅.大型钢储罐在谐波沉降下的结构性能[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[17] Palmer S C. Stresses in storage tanks caused by differential settlement [J]. Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Part E, Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 1994, 208(EI): 5-16.
[18] J. Mark F G Holst. J M Rotter. Nonlinear response and buckling of cylindrical tanks due to foundation settlement [A]. Proceedings, International Conference on design,inspection, maintenance and operation of cylindrical steel tanks and pipelines [C]. Prague, Czech Republic, 2003: 29-35.
[19]马玉红,邹君.大型圆筒形储罐有限元设计计算[J].炼油与化工,2002,13(3):26-28.
[20]李群生.弹性地基上大型圆筒形储罐应力分析[J].炼油设计,2002,32(4):56-59.
[21]张斌.储罐基础沉降与变形后的可靠度评价研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007.
[22]惠虎,宋虎堂,吴云龙等.大型原油储罐的有限元强度分析[J].油气储运,2004,23(12):12-25.
[23] K.A.R. Ismail, J.F.B. Leal & M.A. Zanardi. Models of liquid storage tanks[J]. Energy, 1997, 22(8): 805~815.
[24]沈建民.大型油罐的静强度及动力响应分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[25]周利剑.水平地震激励下立式储罐与地基相互作用动力响应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[26]圆柱形储液罐抗震论文集[C].地震出版社,1986:1-20
[27]郭骅,美国储液罐地震反应的研究概况[J].地震工程与振动,19829(3):89-95
[28] Housner G W. Dynamic pressures on accelerated fluid containers[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1957, 47(1):15-35
[29] Housner G W. The dynamic behavior of water tanks[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1963, 53(1):381-387
[30] Haroun M A, Housner G. W. Dynamic interaction of liquid Storage tanks and foundation soil, proc, Second ASCE/EMD Specialty Conf. On dynamic Response of Structures ASCE, New York,N.Y,1981,346-360
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