网壳储罐静力性能与地震响应研究
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摘要
有“工业血液”之称的石油对世界经济的影响举足轻重,目前人类对石油的依赖是其它能源无法替代的,因此,各国加大了石油的战略储备。从储罐的设计、建造和使用情况看,采用大容量储罐储油具有节省钢材、减少占地面积、方便操作管理和节省投资等优点,储罐的大型化成为发展的必然趋势。但已建成的储罐都是从提高钢材性能入手,使储罐向大型化发展,并未改变其结构形式。2009年,张文福提出一种新的储罐结构形式——网壳储罐,此结构可以充分利用网壳的抗拉、抗弯性能好的特点,有效地减少底板和罐壁的板材厚度,降低造价,且具有外观独特、优美,视觉效果好等优点。
本文将采用有限元软件ADINA,对网壳储罐的静力性能及地震响应进行研究,主要工作如下:
1.验证本文所采用的全罐模型、1/4模型的合理性;
2.改变网壳储罐的各种参数,进行盛水条件下的静力分析,研究各参数对其静力性能的影响;
3.优化设计15×10~4m~3和30×10~4m~3网壳储罐,分析其静力特性;
4.采用变点法设计30×10~4m~3普通储罐,并将15×10~4m~3和30×10~4m~3网壳储罐分别与15×10~4m~3和30×10~4m~3普通储罐进行经济性对比;
5.对各状态下的普通储罐和网壳储罐进行固有振动特性分析,对比分析普通储罐与网壳储罐振动特性的差异,并研究各参数对网壳储罐振动特性的影响;
6.对经优化设计的15×10~4m~3网壳储罐,分别输入4种地震波,进行地震响应分析。
As the industrial blood, oil has great influence on the world economy. At present, humanity’s reliance on oil is unable to be substituted by any other energy sources, all countries therefore increased strategic petroleum reserves. From the perspective of tank design, construction and usage, building large capacity storage tank can save steel, reduce floor space, easy operation and management and decrease investments, to build large capacity storage tank is the inevitable trend of development. But tanks have been built are all starting from improving the performance of steel to make tank to the large-scale development, the structure form hasn’t been changed. In 2009, Wenfu Zhang put forward a new tank structure——storage tank with latticed shell (STLS), it can make full use of latticed shell tensile strength and its good flexural performance, effectively reduce thickness of bottom plate and tank shell, and reduce cost, have the unique and beautiful appearance, good visual effect, etc.
This paper will study on the static behavior and earthquake response of STLS by using ADINA finite element software, and the main work is as follows:
1.To verify total tank model and 1/4 tank model’s rationality.
2.To change parameter of STLS, and research influence of parameter on its static behavior.
3.To optimize the 15×10~4m~3 and 30×10~4m~3 STLS, and analyze their static behavior.
4.To design 30×10~4m~3 common storage tank by the variable point method, and compromise the 15×10~4m~3 and 30×10~4m~3 common storage tank respectively with the 15×104 m3 and 30×10~4m~3 STLS on economic.
5.To study on natural vibration characteristic of common storage tank and STLS under different conditions, comparative analyze the difference of the two type of tanks, and study the influences of the parameters on natural vibration.
6.To study on the earthquake response of the optimized 15×10~4m~3 STLS under 4 kinds of earthquake waves.
本文将采用有限元软件ADINA,对网壳储罐的静力性能及地震响应进行研究,主要工作如下:
1.验证本文所采用的全罐模型、1/4模型的合理性;
2.改变网壳储罐的各种参数,进行盛水条件下的静力分析,研究各参数对其静力性能的影响;
3.优化设计15×10~4m~3和30×10~4m~3网壳储罐,分析其静力特性;
4.采用变点法设计30×10~4m~3普通储罐,并将15×10~4m~3和30×10~4m~3网壳储罐分别与15×10~4m~3和30×10~4m~3普通储罐进行经济性对比;
5.对各状态下的普通储罐和网壳储罐进行固有振动特性分析,对比分析普通储罐与网壳储罐振动特性的差异,并研究各参数对网壳储罐振动特性的影响;
6.对经优化设计的15×10~4m~3网壳储罐,分别输入4种地震波,进行地震响应分析。
As the industrial blood, oil has great influence on the world economy. At present, humanity’s reliance on oil is unable to be substituted by any other energy sources, all countries therefore increased strategic petroleum reserves. From the perspective of tank design, construction and usage, building large capacity storage tank can save steel, reduce floor space, easy operation and management and decrease investments, to build large capacity storage tank is the inevitable trend of development. But tanks have been built are all starting from improving the performance of steel to make tank to the large-scale development, the structure form hasn’t been changed. In 2009, Wenfu Zhang put forward a new tank structure——storage tank with latticed shell (STLS), it can make full use of latticed shell tensile strength and its good flexural performance, effectively reduce thickness of bottom plate and tank shell, and reduce cost, have the unique and beautiful appearance, good visual effect, etc.
This paper will study on the static behavior and earthquake response of STLS by using ADINA finite element software, and the main work is as follows:
1.To verify total tank model and 1/4 tank model’s rationality.
2.To change parameter of STLS, and research influence of parameter on its static behavior.
3.To optimize the 15×10~4m~3 and 30×10~4m~3 STLS, and analyze their static behavior.
4.To design 30×10~4m~3 common storage tank by the variable point method, and compromise the 15×10~4m~3 and 30×10~4m~3 common storage tank respectively with the 15×104 m3 and 30×10~4m~3 STLS on economic.
5.To study on natural vibration characteristic of common storage tank and STLS under different conditions, comparative analyze the difference of the two type of tanks, and study the influences of the parameters on natural vibration.
6.To study on the earthquake response of the optimized 15×10~4m~3 STLS under 4 kinds of earthquake waves.
引文
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[2]陈德志.中国大型储罐建设现状及发展趋势[J].石油化工建设,2009,(01):28~32.
[3]张文福.一种大型网壳立式储罐[P].中国专利:ZL200820091311.3,2009-12-23.
[4] Denham J B, Russeu J, Wills M R. How to design a 600,000Bbl tank[J]. Hydrocarbon Processing, 1968, 47(5):137~142.
[5]李国琛.大型变截面圆柱罐壁和罐底应力分析[J].力学与实践,1978(10):38~41.
[6] Wu Tianyun. More accurate method devised for tank-bottom annular plate design[J]. Journal of oil &Gas, 1996, 94(21):81~83.
[7] Wu Tianyun, Liu Guorong. Comparison of design methods for a tank-bottom annular plate and concrete ringwall[J]. International Journal of Pressere Vessels and Piping, 2000, 77(9):511~517.
[8]陈志平,蒋伟华,沈建民等.大型油罐大脚焊缝处峰值应力分析[J].压力容器,2005,22(5):12~15.
[9]吴天云.油罐应力分析的新方法及其计算验证[J].石油化工设备,1997,26(5):15~19.
[10]潘家华.圆柱形金属油罐设计[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1986.
[11]傅强,陈志平,郑津洋.弹性地基上大型石油储罐应力分析[J].化工机械,2002,29(4):210~213.
[12]陈志平,沈建民,葛颂等.基于组合圆柱壳理论的大型油罐应力分析[J].浙江大学学报,2006,40(9):1633~1637.
[13]陈志平,曾明,余雏麟等.大型油罐应力分析与屈曲稳定性研究[J].油气储运,2008,27(12):7~12.
[14]盛选禹,张宏志.15万m3原油储罐方案优化设计[J].科技导报,2007,25(11):39~44.
[15]赵晓磊.15万立方米浮放储罐静动力数值分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.
[16]陈志平.大型非锚固储油罐应力分析与抗震研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[17]沈建民.大型油罐的静强度及动力响应分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[18]吕英华.大型石油储罐应力与基础沉降分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008.
[19]恵虎,宋虎堂,吴云龙等.大型原油储罐的有限元强度分析[J].油气储运,2004,23(12):12~25.
[20]周利剑.水平地震激励下立式储罐与地基相互作用动力响应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[21] L M Hoskins, L S Jacobsn. Water pressure in a tank caused by a simulated earthquake. Seismic logical Society of America, 1934(1):1~32.
[22] G W Housner. Dynamic pressure on accelerated fluid containers. Seismic logical Societyof America, 1957(1):15~35.
[23] API Standard 650. Welded steel tanks for oil storage. American petroleum Institute, Washington DC, 1979.
[24] Edwadrs N W. A Procedure for dynamic analysis of thin walled liquid storage tanks subjected to lateral ground motions. [Ph.D dissertation], Univesrity of Miehigan, 1969.
[25] Haroun M A. Hounser G W. Earthquake response of deformable liquid storage tanks. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME, 1981, 48(2):411~418.
[26] Haroun M A. Vibration studies and tests of liquid storage tanks. Eahrtquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1983, 11(2):179~206.
[27] Hwang I T, Ting K. Boundary element method for fluid-structure interaction problems in liquid storage tanks, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Transactions of the ASME, 1989, 111(4):435~440.
[28] Lay Khai Seong. Seismic coupled modeling of axisymmetric tanks containing liquid. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1993, 119(9):1747~1761.
[29] Balendar T, Nash WA. Earthquake analysis of a cylindrical liquid storage tank with a dome by finite element method. University of Massachusetts, Report to National Science Foundation, May 1978.
[30]中国石油化工总公司(行业)标准,常压立式储罐抗震鉴定标准,1991,2.
[31]项忠权,周建明.储液罐梁式基本周期的近似计算.立式储罐抗震,北京:地震出版社,1990.
[32]曹志远,翟桐.结构-内部流体耦合振动的半解析元法.圆柱形储液罐抗震论文集.北京:地震出版社,1986.
[33] Clough D P. Experimental evaluation of seismic design methods for broad cylindrical tanks. Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif., UCB/EERC-77/10, 1977.
[34] R W Clough and A Niwa. Static tilt tests of a tall cylindrical liquid storage tank. University of California, Berkeley, Report No.UCB/EERC-78/04, 1978.
[35] Sakai F, Isoe A, Hirakawa H, and Montani Y. Experimental Study on Uplift Behavior of Large-sized Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks, Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, ASME, PVP-Vol.127, San Diego, June 1987:349~355.
[36] F J Cambra. Earthquake Response Considerations of Broad Liquid Storage Tanks. University of California, Berkeley, Report NO.UCB/EERC-82/25, 1982:2.
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