超大型浮顶储罐多体力学分析与结构强度研究
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摘要
石油储备库建设是国家能源保障和经济发展的重要组成部分,大型非锚固储罐是石油储备库的先进设备之一,其安全方面研究倍受关注。为此,本文以国内15×104m3超大型浮顶储罐为研究对象,采用理论分析、有限元数值模拟、现场实验测试方法,对15×104m3大型浮顶储罐的多体结构进行力学分析,建立了超大型储罐结构设计理论方法,完成了15×104m3储罐在设计和运行工况下的强度评价,所建造的2座15×104m3储罐已在大庆油田安全运行。
本文根据超大型浮顶储罐设计理论不完善现状,首先采用API650标准中的变点法和弹性地基梁与刚性地基梁耦合法,对15×104m3储罐进行了壁板和底板的设计、应力计算和强度评价。然后,将储罐简化成轴对称结构,考虑地基材料拉压特性,建立了储罐与地基的接触和材料非线性轴对称有限元模型,求得罐壁板环向应力与组合圆柱壳法求解结果误差低于3.73%,底板应力与弹性地基梁和刚性地基梁耦合法求解结果误差低于36.71%,这说明组合圆柱壳法适用于超大型储罐的壁板应力分析和强度评价,而弹性地基梁与刚性地基梁耦合法不适用于底板应力计算,误差较大;有限元轴对称模型能够合理计算壁板、底板应力,特别是能够描述焊缝处应力分布,为该类超大型储罐的壁板、底板、焊缝结构应力分析提供了理论方法。其次,考虑储罐开孔结构,建立了储罐与地基的接触和材料非线性空间有限元模型,计算得到了开孔区罐壁和底板的应力分布,通过储罐开孔参数的优化计算,得到加强筋、补强板和接管厚度,并对储罐地基材料、大角焊缝结构进行了分析评价,为该类超大型储罐的开孔结构设计和应力分析提供了计算模型和方法。为了监测超大型储罐的实际应力状态,验证理论分析的正确性,采用电阻应变测量技术对新建成的2座浮顶储罐进行充水工况下的应力测试,解决了大罐内测点密封、测量仪器长期野外工作的漂移问题,获得了大量稳定可靠的实测数据,其壁板、底板和搅拌孔的实测应力与数值模拟得到的轴向(径向)应力值,平均误差低于10%的比例分别为90%、75%、71.4%;环向应力值平均误差低于10%的比例分别为90%、62.5%、85.7%,表明储罐与地基的接触和材料非线性轴对称和空间有限元模型具有可靠的计算结果。最后,基于CSCW理论,将分布式系统设计原理与力学分析软件相结合,建立了分布式PC机协同求解超大型储罐多体动力学方法,解决了超大型储罐多体耦合动力学分析时,由于离散单元多、动载荷分步加载、耦合界面和非线性等迭代运算所面临的求解规模大、计算时间长等问题,使有限元法在PC机上进行超大型储罐多体动力学计算得以实现,通过储罐在塔夫特波地震载荷作用下的多体动力学分析,得到罐壁最大瞬间应力500 MPa、罐壁与底板连接处最大瞬间应力200 MPa、罐底与地基提离距离瞬间最大值9.5 mm,依据JB4732-2005标准评价了储罐在该地震波下处于安全状态。
The construction of oil reserve base is an important component of national energy security and economic development, and large-sized non-anchored storage tank, as one of the advanced equipments of oil reserve base, its safety research has attracted more attention. This article took the new-builded large-sized float roof tank as the research object, used theoretical analysis, finite element numerical simulation, field experiment testing to carry out the mechanical analysis on the multiple hull construction of large-sized float roof tank, established theoretical method for the large-sized storage tanks’structural design, and completed strength evaluation of storage tank of 150 thousand cubic meters in design and operating conditions. The two tanks of 150 thousand cubic meters that have been constructed are being in operation safely in Daqing Oilfield.
(1) According to the design specification with API650 to the structure of large-sized storage tanks of 150 thousand cubic meters, this article analyzed with combination of cylindrical shell law and settlement act to define the basic structure of the large-sized storage tanks of 150 thousand cubic meters.
(2) An anaylsis of the deviation that includes compare between theoretical analysis and finite element numerical simulation of the value of the calculated value and measured values of stress and finite element numerical simulation of the calculated value, indicates that calculation accuracy of using finite element numerical simulation is greater than the theoretical analysis with a simple calculation, to be suitable for engineering applications.
(3) Calculated axisymmetric tank structure and spatial structure through simplifying the storage tank, we know the tanks wall, bottom and openings at the stress distribution, so that the stress distribution tank is more rational and more economical use of materials with optimizationing the ground material of storage tanks, welding type, wall alignment and openings.
(4) With the newly built 150,000 cubic meters of water-filled tank floating roof test, it has carried out scene test to the wall and bottom of the tank. In this test, we took a variety of technical measures of protection, got a number of real datas. It proves that it is possible to use the resistance contingency measure technology to large oil tank stress testing in the scene.
(5) It analyzed tank forces between the fluid and tanks when tanks are by earthquake loads with the solid-liquid coupling analysis method. we proposed more than one PC, a new method of calculation to the common solutions on the basis of CSCW, in order to solve the problems of 3D of large tanks and three parts-shells of tanks, fluid and ground dynamic dynamicsto response to questions.
Above all, the results that we researched provide a theoretical basis and calculation method for design of large-sized storage tanks, stress assessment of tanks and solid-liquid coupling analysis.
本文根据超大型浮顶储罐设计理论不完善现状,首先采用API650标准中的变点法和弹性地基梁与刚性地基梁耦合法,对15×104m3储罐进行了壁板和底板的设计、应力计算和强度评价。然后,将储罐简化成轴对称结构,考虑地基材料拉压特性,建立了储罐与地基的接触和材料非线性轴对称有限元模型,求得罐壁板环向应力与组合圆柱壳法求解结果误差低于3.73%,底板应力与弹性地基梁和刚性地基梁耦合法求解结果误差低于36.71%,这说明组合圆柱壳法适用于超大型储罐的壁板应力分析和强度评价,而弹性地基梁与刚性地基梁耦合法不适用于底板应力计算,误差较大;有限元轴对称模型能够合理计算壁板、底板应力,特别是能够描述焊缝处应力分布,为该类超大型储罐的壁板、底板、焊缝结构应力分析提供了理论方法。其次,考虑储罐开孔结构,建立了储罐与地基的接触和材料非线性空间有限元模型,计算得到了开孔区罐壁和底板的应力分布,通过储罐开孔参数的优化计算,得到加强筋、补强板和接管厚度,并对储罐地基材料、大角焊缝结构进行了分析评价,为该类超大型储罐的开孔结构设计和应力分析提供了计算模型和方法。为了监测超大型储罐的实际应力状态,验证理论分析的正确性,采用电阻应变测量技术对新建成的2座浮顶储罐进行充水工况下的应力测试,解决了大罐内测点密封、测量仪器长期野外工作的漂移问题,获得了大量稳定可靠的实测数据,其壁板、底板和搅拌孔的实测应力与数值模拟得到的轴向(径向)应力值,平均误差低于10%的比例分别为90%、75%、71.4%;环向应力值平均误差低于10%的比例分别为90%、62.5%、85.7%,表明储罐与地基的接触和材料非线性轴对称和空间有限元模型具有可靠的计算结果。最后,基于CSCW理论,将分布式系统设计原理与力学分析软件相结合,建立了分布式PC机协同求解超大型储罐多体动力学方法,解决了超大型储罐多体耦合动力学分析时,由于离散单元多、动载荷分步加载、耦合界面和非线性等迭代运算所面临的求解规模大、计算时间长等问题,使有限元法在PC机上进行超大型储罐多体动力学计算得以实现,通过储罐在塔夫特波地震载荷作用下的多体动力学分析,得到罐壁最大瞬间应力500 MPa、罐壁与底板连接处最大瞬间应力200 MPa、罐底与地基提离距离瞬间最大值9.5 mm,依据JB4732-2005标准评价了储罐在该地震波下处于安全状态。
The construction of oil reserve base is an important component of national energy security and economic development, and large-sized non-anchored storage tank, as one of the advanced equipments of oil reserve base, its safety research has attracted more attention. This article took the new-builded large-sized float roof tank as the research object, used theoretical analysis, finite element numerical simulation, field experiment testing to carry out the mechanical analysis on the multiple hull construction of large-sized float roof tank, established theoretical method for the large-sized storage tanks’structural design, and completed strength evaluation of storage tank of 150 thousand cubic meters in design and operating conditions. The two tanks of 150 thousand cubic meters that have been constructed are being in operation safely in Daqing Oilfield.
(1) According to the design specification with API650 to the structure of large-sized storage tanks of 150 thousand cubic meters, this article analyzed with combination of cylindrical shell law and settlement act to define the basic structure of the large-sized storage tanks of 150 thousand cubic meters.
(2) An anaylsis of the deviation that includes compare between theoretical analysis and finite element numerical simulation of the value of the calculated value and measured values of stress and finite element numerical simulation of the calculated value, indicates that calculation accuracy of using finite element numerical simulation is greater than the theoretical analysis with a simple calculation, to be suitable for engineering applications.
(3) Calculated axisymmetric tank structure and spatial structure through simplifying the storage tank, we know the tanks wall, bottom and openings at the stress distribution, so that the stress distribution tank is more rational and more economical use of materials with optimizationing the ground material of storage tanks, welding type, wall alignment and openings.
(4) With the newly built 150,000 cubic meters of water-filled tank floating roof test, it has carried out scene test to the wall and bottom of the tank. In this test, we took a variety of technical measures of protection, got a number of real datas. It proves that it is possible to use the resistance contingency measure technology to large oil tank stress testing in the scene.
(5) It analyzed tank forces between the fluid and tanks when tanks are by earthquake loads with the solid-liquid coupling analysis method. we proposed more than one PC, a new method of calculation to the common solutions on the basis of CSCW, in order to solve the problems of 3D of large tanks and three parts-shells of tanks, fluid and ground dynamic dynamicsto response to questions.
Above all, the results that we researched provide a theoretical basis and calculation method for design of large-sized storage tanks, stress assessment of tanks and solid-liquid coupling analysis.
引文
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