铸造用连续测温仪的设计
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摘要
温度是确定物质状态的重要参数之一,它不仅反映了物体的冷热程度,而且它的测量与控制在国防、军事、科学实验及工农业生产中具有十分重要的作用。随着工业的不断发展,对温度测量的要求越来越高。而在以往的工业测温中,要么测量精度够,但不能实现连续测温;要么可以实现连续测温,而测量精度却不够。因此,寻找一种即可以实现连续测温,又可以保证精度的测量方法便成为工业测温中的一个重要的研究课题。
本文以黑体及红外辐射理论为基础,研究了一种便携式连续测温的新方法。即在测温探头的最前端设置一段黑体耐高温导管,将黑体耐高温导管深入被测到金属液中,与高温源直接接触,消除了烟气和熔渣的干扰。一般黑体耐高温导管可用的耐火料有:金属陶瓷、石墨、碳化硅等。受热发出的黑体辐射在一个密封空间内传递到不与高温源直接接触的红外传感探头,不受背景杂散光和有害气体对测量精度的干扰。探头检测温度后,经测量放大器将温度信号转变成电压信号。电压信号经过A/D转换后变成数字信号传输到单片机MSP430中,单片机通过计算和比对将温度和状态信息显示在LED显示屏上,并可以语音输出。测温仪可以通过RS485实现与上位机通信,实时绘制温度曲线并记录相关信息。
这种技术,既克服了非接触式测量精度不高的缺点,也由于替代了传统的铂铑贵重金属,降低了成本,为实现钢水、铁液连续、准确地测温提供了一种新的、有效实用的方法。
Temperature is one of important parameters to definite the status of materials,it indicates the thermo degrees of materials,and the test and control of temperature play the important parts in national defense,military,science experiments and the production of industry and agriculture.With the development of industry,demand on temperature measurement becomes higher and higher.The traditional temperature measurements used in industry have high accuracy but cannot be used continuously,and vice versa.So it is an important research item in industry temperature measurement to find a method with continuous testing and high accuracy.
This thesis is based on the theory of blackbody and infrared radiation,give us a new way called portable continuous temp-measurement.This way is putting a portion of blackbody high temp-endurance conduit to the top of temp-measurement probe.Then put the conduit into the medium that intended to measure,the conduit can directly contact and measure the high-temp source,by this means the probe can be insert to the metal water,which can eliminate the interrupting of smoke and sinter.The material that can be used as fire-endurance for normal blackbody high-temp conduit are:ceramics,carbon,charring silicon etc.The blackbody radiation erect by heating is transferred to an infrared sensing probe which is not directly contact with the high-temp source in a sealed medium where photo fiber is set,by that way the measurement can be done without the interrupting of light from backgrounds and other bad gas.When the probe gets the temperature,the temperature signal is transferred into volt signal by the amplifier.Then the volt signal is transferred by A/D into digital signal to MSP430,the MCU calculates and compares the information of temp and status, which is displayed on the LED screen with voice output.It can be done by RS485 to communicate with PC,and make temperature graph,note the information at any time.
This type of technology,gets the rid of the low accuracy of non-contact measurement,takes the place of traditionally used platinum and germanium,and also makes it cost less.It gives us a new and effective way to measure the temp of molten steel and molten iron continuously and precisely.
本文以黑体及红外辐射理论为基础,研究了一种便携式连续测温的新方法。即在测温探头的最前端设置一段黑体耐高温导管,将黑体耐高温导管深入被测到金属液中,与高温源直接接触,消除了烟气和熔渣的干扰。一般黑体耐高温导管可用的耐火料有:金属陶瓷、石墨、碳化硅等。受热发出的黑体辐射在一个密封空间内传递到不与高温源直接接触的红外传感探头,不受背景杂散光和有害气体对测量精度的干扰。探头检测温度后,经测量放大器将温度信号转变成电压信号。电压信号经过A/D转换后变成数字信号传输到单片机MSP430中,单片机通过计算和比对将温度和状态信息显示在LED显示屏上,并可以语音输出。测温仪可以通过RS485实现与上位机通信,实时绘制温度曲线并记录相关信息。
这种技术,既克服了非接触式测量精度不高的缺点,也由于替代了传统的铂铑贵重金属,降低了成本,为实现钢水、铁液连续、准确地测温提供了一种新的、有效实用的方法。
Temperature is one of important parameters to definite the status of materials,it indicates the thermo degrees of materials,and the test and control of temperature play the important parts in national defense,military,science experiments and the production of industry and agriculture.With the development of industry,demand on temperature measurement becomes higher and higher.The traditional temperature measurements used in industry have high accuracy but cannot be used continuously,and vice versa.So it is an important research item in industry temperature measurement to find a method with continuous testing and high accuracy.
This thesis is based on the theory of blackbody and infrared radiation,give us a new way called portable continuous temp-measurement.This way is putting a portion of blackbody high temp-endurance conduit to the top of temp-measurement probe.Then put the conduit into the medium that intended to measure,the conduit can directly contact and measure the high-temp source,by this means the probe can be insert to the metal water,which can eliminate the interrupting of smoke and sinter.The material that can be used as fire-endurance for normal blackbody high-temp conduit are:ceramics,carbon,charring silicon etc.The blackbody radiation erect by heating is transferred to an infrared sensing probe which is not directly contact with the high-temp source in a sealed medium where photo fiber is set,by that way the measurement can be done without the interrupting of light from backgrounds and other bad gas.When the probe gets the temperature,the temperature signal is transferred into volt signal by the amplifier.Then the volt signal is transferred by A/D into digital signal to MSP430,the MCU calculates and compares the information of temp and status, which is displayed on the LED screen with voice output.It can be done by RS485 to communicate with PC,and make temperature graph,note the information at any time.
This type of technology,gets the rid of the low accuracy of non-contact measurement,takes the place of traditionally used platinum and germanium,and also makes it cost less.It gives us a new and effective way to measure the temp of molten steel and molten iron continuously and precisely.
引文
[1]乐嘉华.温度检测技术的现状和未来[J].煤油化工自动化,2004,13(5):36-38
[2]张立儒.特殊条件下的温度测量[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2003:78-95
[3]王魁汉.温度测量技术[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,2002:96-133
[4]304所主编.热电偶[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005:32-36
[5]佐佐木正治.使用温度测定[M].东京:安信印刷工业株式会社,2002:41-70
[6]Q.Fan,T.Q.Gu,H.Gao:Key Engineering Materials[M],2001:249-252
[7]游伯坤.温度测量仪表[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:83-104
[8]郑玮,向明东,陈伟听.热电偶精密测温技术的发展方向[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2002,23(7):7-9
[9]LUBKE R A.Military applications for uncooled infrared airborne sensors tech systems[J].AJSPIE(C).2004:337-379
[10]郑兆平,曾汉生,丁翠娇.红外热成像测温技术及其应用[J].红外技术2003,25(1):96-98
[11]李军,刘梅冬,曾亦可.非接触式红外测温的研究[J].压电与声光,2001,23(3):202-205
[12]ERICKSON,RS,MEYER.Accuracy of infrared thermometry and other temperature methods in adults[J].2003(3):40-54
[13]李春芳.光学测温技术及其新进展[J].武汉科技学院学报,2005,18(7):66-68
[14]杨立.红外热像仪测温计算与误差分析[J].红外技术,2005,21(4):20-24
[15]晏敏,彭楚武,颜永红.红外测温原理及误差分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(5):110-112
[16]施恒德,刘玉芳,孙金峰等.影响实用化实时测温系统测温精度的几个因素[J].红外与毫米波学报,2004,23(5):96-110
[17]X.G.PAN,P.F.BARKER and J.H.GRINSTEIN.Temperature measurement by coherent scattering[J].Opt.Left.2002:27-61
[18]赵墨林,牛继荣,杨成刚.红外检测技术中温度、相对温差和温差比概念辨析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2002:8-11
[19]T.E.JONES,M.E.URQUHART,C.J.BADDELEY.An investigation of the influence of temperature the adsorption of the modifier[J],on Ni(111) 2005.587.No.1/2:69-77
[20]KEITH KRAPELS,Ronald G.DRIGGERS,RICHARD H.Atmospheric effects in infrared target acquisition modeling[J].SPIE.2001(4372):182-193
[21]郑元林,陈金忠.非接触测速测长光电传感器[J].计量科技,2002(4):19-21
[22]吴宗凡,柳美琳,张绍举.红外与微光技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:166-184
[23]T.FURUKAWA,T.UCHI.Experimental Apparatus for Radiometric Emission Measurements of Metals[M].Rev.of Science.Instrument 2000:243-247
[24]荣百炼.一种使用热释电探测器的红外比色测温仪[J].红外技术,2004:32-43.
[25]徐南荣,卜南华.红外辐射与制导[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:9-14.
[26]呼延战波,李海.红外测温技术在现代钢铁工业中的应用[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2003(1):25-44
[27]胡大可.MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:203-231
[28]吴宗凡.红外热像仪的原理和技术发展[J].现代科学仪器,2005(2):28-40
[29]旬谷嵩夫,位田敏和.简易辐射温度计[J].日本赤外线学会志,2001,6(2):21-27
[30]W.BAUER,A.MOLDEN.Emission of ceramics for temperature measurements[M].Opt.Eng 2004:13-54
[31]德国欧普士公司.一种可信赖的非接触红外测温仪[EB/OL].2004.http://www.optris.com.cn/new/index.html
[32]贺刚,邢跃,陈忠平.Raytek非接触式在线测温系统在热轧连铸坯测温中的应用[J].冶金自动化2001(4):68-70
[33]KURIHARA,A combustion diagnosis method for pulverized coal boilers using flame image recognition technology[M].IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion.2000:103-115
[34]SVET D Y,SAYAPINA V J.Optical photo electronic pyrometer for measuring the true temperature of metals by radiation[M].High Temp.High press.2001:117-118
[35]ISD公司.ISD data book:Voice record and play back ICS.[S]
[36]周柳光,罗军,陆聪.红外测温在热轧带钢生产中的应用[J].自动化仪表,2007,28(2):50-52
[37]D.K.WlLBURN.Infrared Inspection of Nonpneumatic Rubber Road Wheels[L].Tire Science and Technology.2005,3(2):82-94.
[38]N.M.TRIVISONNO.Thermal Analysis of a Rolling Tire[J].SAE paper,2004,24-35
[39]D.P.DEWlTT and G.D.NUTTER.Theory and Practice of Radiation Thermometry[M],2002:74-79
[40]UCHARA S,T.KUMAGAI and S.YAZAKI.Thermal observation of Unzendake volcano by airborne[M].Remote Sensing,2003:487-493
[41]Y.NOUVELLON,J.P.LHOMME.Estimation of surface sensible heat flux dual angle observations of radiative surface temperature[M].Agriculture and Forest Meteorology,2001:55-62
[42]Y.H.KERR,Y.BRUNET.An experimental study of angular effects on surface temperature[J].Forest Meteorology,2005:167-190
[43]李晓英.影响红外测温的主要因素及对策[J].山西机械,2004,21(4):20-24
[44]占春连,李艳梅,刘建平等.热辐射体真是温度的测试研究[J].应用光学,2002,24(6):51-53
[2]张立儒.特殊条件下的温度测量[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2003:78-95
[3]王魁汉.温度测量技术[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,2002:96-133
[4]304所主编.热电偶[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005:32-36
[5]佐佐木正治.使用温度测定[M].东京:安信印刷工业株式会社,2002:41-70
[6]Q.Fan,T.Q.Gu,H.Gao:Key Engineering Materials[M],2001:249-252
[7]游伯坤.温度测量仪表[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:83-104
[8]郑玮,向明东,陈伟听.热电偶精密测温技术的发展方向[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2002,23(7):7-9
[9]LUBKE R A.Military applications for uncooled infrared airborne sensors tech systems[J].AJSPIE(C).2004:337-379
[10]郑兆平,曾汉生,丁翠娇.红外热成像测温技术及其应用[J].红外技术2003,25(1):96-98
[11]李军,刘梅冬,曾亦可.非接触式红外测温的研究[J].压电与声光,2001,23(3):202-205
[12]ERICKSON,RS,MEYER.Accuracy of infrared thermometry and other temperature methods in adults[J].2003(3):40-54
[13]李春芳.光学测温技术及其新进展[J].武汉科技学院学报,2005,18(7):66-68
[14]杨立.红外热像仪测温计算与误差分析[J].红外技术,2005,21(4):20-24
[15]晏敏,彭楚武,颜永红.红外测温原理及误差分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(5):110-112
[16]施恒德,刘玉芳,孙金峰等.影响实用化实时测温系统测温精度的几个因素[J].红外与毫米波学报,2004,23(5):96-110
[17]X.G.PAN,P.F.BARKER and J.H.GRINSTEIN.Temperature measurement by coherent scattering[J].Opt.Left.2002:27-61
[18]赵墨林,牛继荣,杨成刚.红外检测技术中温度、相对温差和温差比概念辨析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2002:8-11
[19]T.E.JONES,M.E.URQUHART,C.J.BADDELEY.An investigation of the influence of temperature the adsorption of the modifier[J],on Ni(111) 2005.587.No.1/2:69-77
[20]KEITH KRAPELS,Ronald G.DRIGGERS,RICHARD H.Atmospheric effects in infrared target acquisition modeling[J].SPIE.2001(4372):182-193
[21]郑元林,陈金忠.非接触测速测长光电传感器[J].计量科技,2002(4):19-21
[22]吴宗凡,柳美琳,张绍举.红外与微光技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:166-184
[23]T.FURUKAWA,T.UCHI.Experimental Apparatus for Radiometric Emission Measurements of Metals[M].Rev.of Science.Instrument 2000:243-247
[24]荣百炼.一种使用热释电探测器的红外比色测温仪[J].红外技术,2004:32-43.
[25]徐南荣,卜南华.红外辐射与制导[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:9-14.
[26]呼延战波,李海.红外测温技术在现代钢铁工业中的应用[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2003(1):25-44
[27]胡大可.MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:203-231
[28]吴宗凡.红外热像仪的原理和技术发展[J].现代科学仪器,2005(2):28-40
[29]旬谷嵩夫,位田敏和.简易辐射温度计[J].日本赤外线学会志,2001,6(2):21-27
[30]W.BAUER,A.MOLDEN.Emission of ceramics for temperature measurements[M].Opt.Eng 2004:13-54
[31]德国欧普士公司.一种可信赖的非接触红外测温仪[EB/OL].2004.http://www.optris.com.cn/new/index.html
[32]贺刚,邢跃,陈忠平.Raytek非接触式在线测温系统在热轧连铸坯测温中的应用[J].冶金自动化2001(4):68-70
[33]KURIHARA,A combustion diagnosis method for pulverized coal boilers using flame image recognition technology[M].IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion.2000:103-115
[34]SVET D Y,SAYAPINA V J.Optical photo electronic pyrometer for measuring the true temperature of metals by radiation[M].High Temp.High press.2001:117-118
[35]ISD公司.ISD data book:Voice record and play back ICS.[S]
[36]周柳光,罗军,陆聪.红外测温在热轧带钢生产中的应用[J].自动化仪表,2007,28(2):50-52
[37]D.K.WlLBURN.Infrared Inspection of Nonpneumatic Rubber Road Wheels[L].Tire Science and Technology.2005,3(2):82-94.
[38]N.M.TRIVISONNO.Thermal Analysis of a Rolling Tire[J].SAE paper,2004,24-35
[39]D.P.DEWlTT and G.D.NUTTER.Theory and Practice of Radiation Thermometry[M],2002:74-79
[40]UCHARA S,T.KUMAGAI and S.YAZAKI.Thermal observation of Unzendake volcano by airborne[M].Remote Sensing,2003:487-493
[41]Y.NOUVELLON,J.P.LHOMME.Estimation of surface sensible heat flux dual angle observations of radiative surface temperature[M].Agriculture and Forest Meteorology,2001:55-62
[42]Y.H.KERR,Y.BRUNET.An experimental study of angular effects on surface temperature[J].Forest Meteorology,2005:167-190
[43]李晓英.影响红外测温的主要因素及对策[J].山西机械,2004,21(4):20-24
[44]占春连,李艳梅,刘建平等.热辐射体真是温度的测试研究[J].应用光学,2002,24(6):51-53