电工钢片矢量磁特性模拟问题研究
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摘要
电工钢片磁特性的模拟是当前计算电磁学研究的热点问题之一。它包括三个方面的研究内容,一是构建恰当的数学模型来描述材料的磁特性；二是研究与这一数学模型相对应的磁特性测量装置和测量方法,从而恰当地提取材料磁特性数据；三是研究与材料特性模型相结合的电磁场数值计算方法,解决工程实际问题。研究的目的是通过考虑电工钢片在实际工况下表现出来的矢量磁特性,来准确地估算电气装备铁心中的磁场分布以及损耗分布,以此作为设备优化设计的基础,从而降低铁心损耗,减少局部过热,提高电气装备运行的可靠性。本文即从以上三方面展开研究。
首先介绍了几种典型的磁特性模型,并指出了它们存在的不足之处。鉴于E&S等矢量磁特性模型需要测量任意取向的交变以及旋转磁化条件下电工钢片的矢量磁特性,本文对二维磁特性测量方法进行了研究,并设计了二维旋转磁特性测量系统,以正弦磁场测量作为测试标准,实现了对测试系统的反馈控制,并完成了一种无取向电工钢片和一种取向电工钢片的二维矢量磁特性测量。
针对E&S矢量磁特性模型存在的不足,提出了一种改进的E&S矢量磁特性模型。基于上述旋转磁特性测试数据推导了模型中参数的计算方法。为了保留时谐法在有限元计算中省时的优点,同时又能考虑交变磁化以及旋转磁化的影响,提出了一种基于能量密度与损耗特性的复数E&S矢量磁特性模型。在模型中引入了有效磁阻系数与有效磁滞系数来描述电工钢片的矢量磁特性。
对上述磁特性模型与有限元分析相耦合方法进行了研究,给出了磁场数值分析公式,基于Fortran语言编制了相应的计算机程序,并采用了不同的计算模型进行计算分析。针对无取向电工钢片和取向电工钢片分别设计了两种铁心模型算例,并运用所提出的磁特性模拟方法进行了有限元分析。对使用改进E&S模型以及复数E&S模型的计算结果进行了对比,表明了本文所提出的两种方法在理论上的合理性和自编计算程序的正确性。除此之外,为了证明本文所提出方法的有效性,将上述磁特性模型的数值计算结果与传统方法使用轧制方向的BH曲线的数值计算结果进行了对比分析,证明了使用本文所提出的方法计算得到的数值分析结果要比传统方法的数值分析结果更加符合实际规律。
最后,为了验证所提出方法的计算精度,本文设计并制作了一台三相变压器铁心模型,采用在铁心中埋置测量线圈的方法测量局部磁场分布,通过对空载运行计算结果与实验结果的对比分析,进一步验证了本文提出方法的有效性。
The research on modeling of magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet is regarded as one of the current hot issues in computational electromagnetism. It includes three aspects. The first is to construct the proper mathematical model of magnetic properties. The second is to study the measurement device and method corresponding to the mathematical model of magnetic properties. The third is to study the numerical calculation method of electromagnetic field coupling with the model of magnetic properties. The target of this research is to accurately estimate the distributions of flux and iron loss in the iron core of electromagnetic device by taking the vector magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet under actual operating conditions into account, furthermore based on this research, to optimize the design of electromagnetic device in order to decrease the iron loss and local overheating to improve the security of the device. The study is developed around the three aspects in this dissertation.
For this purpose, several typical magnetic property models are analyzed and their disadvantages are discussed. Because that for the vector magnetic property models such as E&S model, the vector magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet under the arbitrarily alternating and rotational flux condition is needed to measure. The two dimensional (2D) magnetic properties measurement method is investigated. The2D rotating magnetic property measurement system is designed and the feedback control of measurement system is realized by the criterion of sinusoidal magnetic field. The2D vector magnetic properties of a nonoriented electrical steel sheet and a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are measured.
Focused on the insufficient of E&S vector magnetic property model, an improved E&S model is proposed. In this model the coefficients are derived basing on the measurement data of rotational magnetic property. In order to retain the advantage of saving time of time-harmonic method in finite element analysis (FEA) and consider the alternating flux condition and rotational flux condition, a complex E&S vector magnetic property model is proposed. In this model, the effective magnetic reluctivity coefficients and the effective magnetic hysteresis coefficients are introduced to describe the vector magnetic property of electrical steel sheet.
The methods of coupling the magnetic property model with FEA are investigated and the discretized formulation of FEA is derived. The computer programs are developed based on the FORTRAN language and the different calculating models are adopted. For the nonoriented electrical steel sheet and the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, two core models are designed and calculated with FEA. By comparing the calculation results, it indicates that the two proposed methods are rational in theory and correct in computer programs. Besides, by comparing the two proposed methods with conventional one, it proves that the calculated results using the two proposed method are more reasonable.
In order to revalidate the two proposed methods, a three phase transformer core model is designed and made. The distribution of local flux in the core model is measured by embedding the test coils. Comparing the calculated results of no-load operation with experimental ones, the validity of the two proposed methods is proved.
首先介绍了几种典型的磁特性模型,并指出了它们存在的不足之处。鉴于E&S等矢量磁特性模型需要测量任意取向的交变以及旋转磁化条件下电工钢片的矢量磁特性,本文对二维磁特性测量方法进行了研究,并设计了二维旋转磁特性测量系统,以正弦磁场测量作为测试标准,实现了对测试系统的反馈控制,并完成了一种无取向电工钢片和一种取向电工钢片的二维矢量磁特性测量。
针对E&S矢量磁特性模型存在的不足,提出了一种改进的E&S矢量磁特性模型。基于上述旋转磁特性测试数据推导了模型中参数的计算方法。为了保留时谐法在有限元计算中省时的优点,同时又能考虑交变磁化以及旋转磁化的影响,提出了一种基于能量密度与损耗特性的复数E&S矢量磁特性模型。在模型中引入了有效磁阻系数与有效磁滞系数来描述电工钢片的矢量磁特性。
对上述磁特性模型与有限元分析相耦合方法进行了研究,给出了磁场数值分析公式,基于Fortran语言编制了相应的计算机程序,并采用了不同的计算模型进行计算分析。针对无取向电工钢片和取向电工钢片分别设计了两种铁心模型算例,并运用所提出的磁特性模拟方法进行了有限元分析。对使用改进E&S模型以及复数E&S模型的计算结果进行了对比,表明了本文所提出的两种方法在理论上的合理性和自编计算程序的正确性。除此之外,为了证明本文所提出方法的有效性,将上述磁特性模型的数值计算结果与传统方法使用轧制方向的BH曲线的数值计算结果进行了对比分析,证明了使用本文所提出的方法计算得到的数值分析结果要比传统方法的数值分析结果更加符合实际规律。
最后,为了验证所提出方法的计算精度,本文设计并制作了一台三相变压器铁心模型,采用在铁心中埋置测量线圈的方法测量局部磁场分布,通过对空载运行计算结果与实验结果的对比分析,进一步验证了本文提出方法的有效性。
The research on modeling of magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet is regarded as one of the current hot issues in computational electromagnetism. It includes three aspects. The first is to construct the proper mathematical model of magnetic properties. The second is to study the measurement device and method corresponding to the mathematical model of magnetic properties. The third is to study the numerical calculation method of electromagnetic field coupling with the model of magnetic properties. The target of this research is to accurately estimate the distributions of flux and iron loss in the iron core of electromagnetic device by taking the vector magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet under actual operating conditions into account, furthermore based on this research, to optimize the design of electromagnetic device in order to decrease the iron loss and local overheating to improve the security of the device. The study is developed around the three aspects in this dissertation.
For this purpose, several typical magnetic property models are analyzed and their disadvantages are discussed. Because that for the vector magnetic property models such as E&S model, the vector magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet under the arbitrarily alternating and rotational flux condition is needed to measure. The two dimensional (2D) magnetic properties measurement method is investigated. The2D rotating magnetic property measurement system is designed and the feedback control of measurement system is realized by the criterion of sinusoidal magnetic field. The2D vector magnetic properties of a nonoriented electrical steel sheet and a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are measured.
Focused on the insufficient of E&S vector magnetic property model, an improved E&S model is proposed. In this model the coefficients are derived basing on the measurement data of rotational magnetic property. In order to retain the advantage of saving time of time-harmonic method in finite element analysis (FEA) and consider the alternating flux condition and rotational flux condition, a complex E&S vector magnetic property model is proposed. In this model, the effective magnetic reluctivity coefficients and the effective magnetic hysteresis coefficients are introduced to describe the vector magnetic property of electrical steel sheet.
The methods of coupling the magnetic property model with FEA are investigated and the discretized formulation of FEA is derived. The computer programs are developed based on the FORTRAN language and the different calculating models are adopted. For the nonoriented electrical steel sheet and the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, two core models are designed and calculated with FEA. By comparing the calculation results, it indicates that the two proposed methods are rational in theory and correct in computer programs. Besides, by comparing the two proposed methods with conventional one, it proves that the calculated results using the two proposed method are more reasonable.
In order to revalidate the two proposed methods, a three phase transformer core model is designed and made. The distribution of local flux in the core model is measured by embedding the test coils. Comparing the calculated results of no-load operation with experimental ones, the validity of the two proposed methods is proved.
引文
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