基于Nd：YAG全固态激光器的五轴立体扫描控制系统研究
|
摘要
用于材料表面处理的激光扫描技术,以其非接触性、高精度、高效率、控制灵活,以及处理后材料出现新的物理和化学性质等特点,被广泛地应用于工业制造、国防科技和科学研究中。随着激光技术的发展,以及加工材料丰富性和处理要求的不断提高,材料表面激光扫描技术已经从原有的二维平面单一功能的扫描技术,朝着高精度、多维度、自动控制、拓展应用外延等方向发展。
三维立体材料的表面扫描技术,逐渐成为激光扫描技术研究的热点。针对立体材料的表面扫描,在国内基于动态聚焦镜的三维曲面扫描研究的基础上,我们提出了各表面三维扫描,多面体旋转拼接的方法,五轴控制激光光斑的运动,实现三维材料多表面扫描的自动化控制,提高材料整体的扫描效率,并实现工业化的自动控制水平。论文的主要工作包括:
1、对激光与物质相互作用原理,及其物理和化学机制进行探讨;根据分子振动模型,分析了材料在不同激光参数照射下扫描效果不同的原理和规律,为材料扫描的实验提供了理论依据;
2、选用Nd:YAG全固态激光器为五轴立体扫描系统的光源,与声光Q调制器、振镜组、动态聚焦镜、f-theta透镜组成了三维光学扫描系统,双工位高速转盘和旋转伺服电机完成多面体的自动拼接。电源主控箱的设计,实现了对系统各部分的电气监控,并增强了整机的安全性及操作易用性;
3、基于振镜组的RTC4控制卡,和伺服电机6030运动控制卡的动态链接库、OpenGL函数库等,五轴立体激光扫描控制软件实现了扫描图形的读取与设计、激光焦点三维控制、多面体旋转拼接控制、系统参数的设置、操作交互性等功能需求,完成软硬件联调;
4、对于系统的重要参数进行稳定性分析和误差排除,完成了系统稳定性的改进和标定;对金属络合物材料激光改性实验的物理化学机理进行微观实验分析及验证,并对改性参数的改进提供了可靠依据;进行了材料扫描在终端设备射频电路上的应用实验,取得了较好的效果,并得到了激光扫描的最佳参数。
The technology of laser scanning for material surface treating, is widely applied in industry manufacture, defense industry and science research, in that it has the feature of noncontact, high precision and efficiency, flexible control method, and the new physical and chemical property after surface modification. As the technology of laser develops, and at the same time, the complexity of material and treating requirement increase, the technology of material surface laser scanning has developed over the status of two-dimension scanning with simple single scanning function. The new development is directed to the feature of high precision, multi-dimension, automatic control and application extension.
Technology of laser scanning on 3D material surface, has developed into the hot issue of laser processing. For 3D material surface, based on the domestic research of 3D surface scanning with dynamic focusing lens, we proposed the method of scanning 3D surface individually, splicing the individual pattern by whirling motor. The five axis system control laser spot, in order to achieve the automatic control of multi-surface scanning of material. This method and system increase the efficiency of material scanning, and the level of industrial automation. The main content of the essay is:
1 The introduction of principle of interaction between laser and material, and the mechanism of physical and chemical changes is indicated. According to molecular vibration module, the principle of scanning effect under different laser parameter is analyzed, which provides the theoretical foundation of experiments.
2 Nd:YAG solid-state laser is chosen to be the laser source of system. Q modulator, galvanometers, dynamic focusing lens f-theta lens, together with laser source, makes up the 3D scanning system. Double-position high speed rotating plate and whirling serve motor together contribute to the multi-surface scanning automatic splicing. Power control box monitors and control the power supply of every composition, which enhance the security and efficiency of system.
3 Based on the dynamic link library of RTC4 control card, serve motor 6030 control card and OpenGL, the system software achieve the function of reading DXF files, control of laser spot, control of multi-surface splicing, setting of system parameter, interactivity. The debugging of software is completed.
4 The analysis of stability and error correction for significant parameter is completed, in order to improve the stability level of system. The experiments analysis and verification for physical and chemical changes principle of metal complex is done, which provides the foundation for improvement of modification parameters. Radio frequency circuit experiments based on the modified metal complex is carried out. The experiments come out with good effects, and the optimum parameter for experiments is analyzed.
三维立体材料的表面扫描技术,逐渐成为激光扫描技术研究的热点。针对立体材料的表面扫描,在国内基于动态聚焦镜的三维曲面扫描研究的基础上,我们提出了各表面三维扫描,多面体旋转拼接的方法,五轴控制激光光斑的运动,实现三维材料多表面扫描的自动化控制,提高材料整体的扫描效率,并实现工业化的自动控制水平。论文的主要工作包括:
1、对激光与物质相互作用原理,及其物理和化学机制进行探讨;根据分子振动模型,分析了材料在不同激光参数照射下扫描效果不同的原理和规律,为材料扫描的实验提供了理论依据;
2、选用Nd:YAG全固态激光器为五轴立体扫描系统的光源,与声光Q调制器、振镜组、动态聚焦镜、f-theta透镜组成了三维光学扫描系统,双工位高速转盘和旋转伺服电机完成多面体的自动拼接。电源主控箱的设计,实现了对系统各部分的电气监控,并增强了整机的安全性及操作易用性;
3、基于振镜组的RTC4控制卡,和伺服电机6030运动控制卡的动态链接库、OpenGL函数库等,五轴立体激光扫描控制软件实现了扫描图形的读取与设计、激光焦点三维控制、多面体旋转拼接控制、系统参数的设置、操作交互性等功能需求,完成软硬件联调;
4、对于系统的重要参数进行稳定性分析和误差排除,完成了系统稳定性的改进和标定;对金属络合物材料激光改性实验的物理化学机理进行微观实验分析及验证,并对改性参数的改进提供了可靠依据;进行了材料扫描在终端设备射频电路上的应用实验,取得了较好的效果,并得到了激光扫描的最佳参数。
The technology of laser scanning for material surface treating, is widely applied in industry manufacture, defense industry and science research, in that it has the feature of noncontact, high precision and efficiency, flexible control method, and the new physical and chemical property after surface modification. As the technology of laser develops, and at the same time, the complexity of material and treating requirement increase, the technology of material surface laser scanning has developed over the status of two-dimension scanning with simple single scanning function. The new development is directed to the feature of high precision, multi-dimension, automatic control and application extension.
Technology of laser scanning on 3D material surface, has developed into the hot issue of laser processing. For 3D material surface, based on the domestic research of 3D surface scanning with dynamic focusing lens, we proposed the method of scanning 3D surface individually, splicing the individual pattern by whirling motor. The five axis system control laser spot, in order to achieve the automatic control of multi-surface scanning of material. This method and system increase the efficiency of material scanning, and the level of industrial automation. The main content of the essay is:
1 The introduction of principle of interaction between laser and material, and the mechanism of physical and chemical changes is indicated. According to molecular vibration module, the principle of scanning effect under different laser parameter is analyzed, which provides the theoretical foundation of experiments.
2 Nd:YAG solid-state laser is chosen to be the laser source of system. Q modulator, galvanometers, dynamic focusing lens f-theta lens, together with laser source, makes up the 3D scanning system. Double-position high speed rotating plate and whirling serve motor together contribute to the multi-surface scanning automatic splicing. Power control box monitors and control the power supply of every composition, which enhance the security and efficiency of system.
3 Based on the dynamic link library of RTC4 control card, serve motor 6030 control card and OpenGL, the system software achieve the function of reading DXF files, control of laser spot, control of multi-surface splicing, setting of system parameter, interactivity. The debugging of software is completed.
4 The analysis of stability and error correction for significant parameter is completed, in order to improve the stability level of system. The experiments analysis and verification for physical and chemical changes principle of metal complex is done, which provides the foundation for improvement of modification parameters. Radio frequency circuit experiments based on the modified metal complex is carried out. The experiments come out with good effects, and the optimum parameter for experiments is analyzed.
引文
[1]张国顺,现代激光制造技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2006,1~7
[2]宋威廉,激光加工技术的发展,激光与红外,2006,36: 756~758
[3]邓树森,我国激光加工产业现状及市场展望,光机电信息,2007,2:19~22
[4]郑启光,邵丹,激光加工工艺与设备,北京:机械工业出版社,2010,17~23
[5]赵新,金杰,姚建铨,激光表面改性技术的研究与发展,光电子·激光,2000,11,324~328
[6]张运海,聚合物材料表面激光改性与刻蚀研究,硕士,山东师范大学,2005
[7] J. Choi, S. K. Choudhuri, J. Mazumder. Role of preheating and specific energy input on the evolution of microstructure and wear properties of laser clad Fe-Cr-C-W alloys. Journal of Materials Science, 2000, 35:13
[8]季凌飞,蒋毅坚,激光辐照改变功能材料物理性质,激光杂志,2002,23:1~4
[9]陆军桦,三维激光扫描机软件设计研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,,2004
[10]田庆国,葛宝臻,杜朴,基于激光三维扫描的人体特征尺寸测量,光学精密工程,2007,15:72~75
[11]刚蓓,激光模切技术研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[12]刘童玲,激光标刻中激光功率的适时控制算法研究,华中科技大学,2007
[13]王瑞敏,卢秉恒,用于激光扫描的几种动态聚焦系统分析,应用激光,1998,18:10~13
[14]王成,曾晓雁,Al2O3陶瓷的激光三维雕刻实验研究,激光技术,2007,31:11~15
[15]霍晓飞,激光三维加工控制系统研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[16]汪会清,史玉升,黄树槐,三维振镜激光扫描系统的控制算法及其应用,华中科技大学学报,2003,31(5):71
[17]郑启光,激光先进制造技术,武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002,45~62
[18]王家金,激光加工技术,北京:中国计量出版社,1993,20~40
[19]雷卡林等著,王绍水(译),北京:材料的激光加工,1982,65~90
[20] Singh, Ramesh; Melkote, Shreyes N., Characterization of a hybrid laser-assisted mechanical micromachining (LAMM) process for a difficult-to-machine material,International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, v 47, n 7-8, June, 2007, p 1139-1150
[21]王萌,数控激光模切系统研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[22] Zhang, Qun-Li; Yao, Jian-Hua; Luo, Fang, Experimental research on laser overlaying of HSS-like metal on hot die steel H13, Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, v 26, n 4, August, 2005, p 95-97
[23]石顺祥等,物理光学与应用光学,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000,25~45
[24]许宝忠,成形脉冲YAG激光技术及应用研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[25] Ecaterina Stela Dragan,etc, Study on metal complexes of chelating resins bearing iminodiacetate groups, European Polymer Journal, 2009, 45(7), 2119-2130
[26] Ali El-Shekeil,etc, Synthesis, characterization and dc electrical conductivity of some oligmer mixed metal complexes, Synthetic Metals, 2004, 143(2, 3) 147-152
[27]李成,用于动态在线激光加工的飞行打标系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[28] S. Boccaletti,V Latora Y Moreno,Complex networks: Structure and dynamics,Physics Reports,2006,424,175~308
[29]高吉刚,周杰,络合物稳定常数及有机试剂纯度的光度法测定,分析化学,2002,30,594~597
[30] Hubert Le Bozec,etc, Molecular engineering of octupolar tris(bipyridyl) metal complexes, Synthetic Metals, 2001, 124(1, 3), 185-189
[31]陈怡星,脉冲激光表面微造型的数值模拟与实验研究,[硕士学位论文],江苏;江苏大学,2007
[32]王梅,何仁,无机和金属有机多核分子树络合物,化学进展,1998,10,405~414
[33] Thorsten Allschera,Peter Klüfers,The crystal structure of a lyxose-bridged dimolybdate: a redetermination of the first monosaccharide–metal complex’s structure,Carbohydrate Research,2008,344,539~540
[34] J M Vertelman,TA Tom,Auke Meetsma,Light- and Temperature-Induced Electron Transfer in Single Crystals of RbMn[Fe(CN)6]·H2O,Chem. Mater.,2008,20,1236~1238
[35] Hüske M,Kickelhain J,Müller J,et al.,Laser supported activation and additive metallization of thermoplastics for 3D-MIDs,Proc.3rd LANE 2001
[36]禹东赫,声控激光打孔技术研究,[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[37]蓝信钜,激光技术,北京:科学出版社,2008,276~290
[38]孙攀峰,激光飞行打标技术研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[39]姚振等,伺服电机在汽车制动零部件检测中的应用,机械设计与制造,2011,1:102~104
[40]王萌,金属络合物激光三维物化改性技术研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2011
[41]许宝忠,刘铁根,王萌等,空间自由曲面激光标刻技术研究,中国激光,2010,37(8): 2165～2169
[42] http://www.scanlab.de/
[43]王萌,刘铁根,许宝忠等,基于声波控制激光焦点的打孔系统,中国激光,2008,35,1277~1280
[44]赵日峰,陈兴海,郑义等,振镜式在线激光打标扫描方案的设计,应用激光,2004,24,41~42
[45]孙永忠,弧面凸轮分度机构加工工艺的探讨,装备制造技术,2010,5,108~109
[46]孙鑫,VC++深入详解,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,15~50
[47]曹茂永,数字图像处理,北京:北京大学出版社,2007,80~96
[48]刘传亮,陆建德,AutoCAD DXF文件格式与二次开发图形软件编程,微机发展,2004,14(9):101~103
[49]吕欣泽,基于DXF文件的激光雕刻系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津师范大学,2010
[50]张桂荣,姚迪,基于VC和OpenGL三维图形的开发,齐齐哈尔大学学报,2002,18,58~60
[51]李鑫,基于多线程的OpenGL渲染方法研究,微计算机信息,2005,1,34~37
[52]杨鹏,姚旺生,基于PC的虚拟地形漫游系统的实现,计算机仿真,2003,20,78~80
[53]郑君立,达飞鹏,谭小洪等,OpenGL在逆向工程三维重构中的应用研究,计算机应用研究,2003,30(1),91~97
[54]王博,刘铁根,王萌,基于三维扫描线数据重建的光斑半径补偿研究,激光技术,2011
[55]周炳琨等,激光原理,北京:国防工业出版社,2007,210-214
[56]柯以侃,董慧茹,分析化学手册(第二版)第三分册光谱分析,北京:化学工业出版社,1998,866~895
[57] RTC4 User’s Manual,2008
[58] 6030 Control Card User’s Manual,2003
[59] hurrySCAN 10 User’s Manual,2004
[60] varioSCAN 20 User’s Manual,2008
[61]夏慧荣,王祖赓,分子光谱学和激光光谱学导论,华东师范大学出版社,1989,98~118
[62]王萌,刘铁根,王博等,金属络合物激光物化改性研究,中国激光,2010,37(12): 3155～3161
[63]王萌,刘铁根,赵玛利等,PBT材料三维激光表面改性系统分析,天大学报自然科学版
[64]韩怀栋,自相关过程的Cpk评价研究:[博士学位论文],西安;西安电子科技大学,2009
[2]宋威廉,激光加工技术的发展,激光与红外,2006,36: 756~758
[3]邓树森,我国激光加工产业现状及市场展望,光机电信息,2007,2:19~22
[4]郑启光,邵丹,激光加工工艺与设备,北京:机械工业出版社,2010,17~23
[5]赵新,金杰,姚建铨,激光表面改性技术的研究与发展,光电子·激光,2000,11,324~328
[6]张运海,聚合物材料表面激光改性与刻蚀研究,硕士,山东师范大学,2005
[7] J. Choi, S. K. Choudhuri, J. Mazumder. Role of preheating and specific energy input on the evolution of microstructure and wear properties of laser clad Fe-Cr-C-W alloys. Journal of Materials Science, 2000, 35:13
[8]季凌飞,蒋毅坚,激光辐照改变功能材料物理性质,激光杂志,2002,23:1~4
[9]陆军桦,三维激光扫描机软件设计研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,,2004
[10]田庆国,葛宝臻,杜朴,基于激光三维扫描的人体特征尺寸测量,光学精密工程,2007,15:72~75
[11]刚蓓,激光模切技术研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[12]刘童玲,激光标刻中激光功率的适时控制算法研究,华中科技大学,2007
[13]王瑞敏,卢秉恒,用于激光扫描的几种动态聚焦系统分析,应用激光,1998,18:10~13
[14]王成,曾晓雁,Al2O3陶瓷的激光三维雕刻实验研究,激光技术,2007,31:11~15
[15]霍晓飞,激光三维加工控制系统研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[16]汪会清,史玉升,黄树槐,三维振镜激光扫描系统的控制算法及其应用,华中科技大学学报,2003,31(5):71
[17]郑启光,激光先进制造技术,武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002,45~62
[18]王家金,激光加工技术,北京:中国计量出版社,1993,20~40
[19]雷卡林等著,王绍水(译),北京:材料的激光加工,1982,65~90
[20] Singh, Ramesh; Melkote, Shreyes N., Characterization of a hybrid laser-assisted mechanical micromachining (LAMM) process for a difficult-to-machine material,International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, v 47, n 7-8, June, 2007, p 1139-1150
[21]王萌,数控激光模切系统研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[22] Zhang, Qun-Li; Yao, Jian-Hua; Luo, Fang, Experimental research on laser overlaying of HSS-like metal on hot die steel H13, Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, v 26, n 4, August, 2005, p 95-97
[23]石顺祥等,物理光学与应用光学,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000,25~45
[24]许宝忠,成形脉冲YAG激光技术及应用研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[25] Ecaterina Stela Dragan,etc, Study on metal complexes of chelating resins bearing iminodiacetate groups, European Polymer Journal, 2009, 45(7), 2119-2130
[26] Ali El-Shekeil,etc, Synthesis, characterization and dc electrical conductivity of some oligmer mixed metal complexes, Synthetic Metals, 2004, 143(2, 3) 147-152
[27]李成,用于动态在线激光加工的飞行打标系统的研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[28] S. Boccaletti,V Latora Y Moreno,Complex networks: Structure and dynamics,Physics Reports,2006,424,175~308
[29]高吉刚,周杰,络合物稳定常数及有机试剂纯度的光度法测定,分析化学,2002,30,594~597
[30] Hubert Le Bozec,etc, Molecular engineering of octupolar tris(bipyridyl) metal complexes, Synthetic Metals, 2001, 124(1, 3), 185-189
[31]陈怡星,脉冲激光表面微造型的数值模拟与实验研究,[硕士学位论文],江苏;江苏大学,2007
[32]王梅,何仁,无机和金属有机多核分子树络合物,化学进展,1998,10,405~414
[33] Thorsten Allschera,Peter Klüfers,The crystal structure of a lyxose-bridged dimolybdate: a redetermination of the first monosaccharide–metal complex’s structure,Carbohydrate Research,2008,344,539~540
[34] J M Vertelman,TA Tom,Auke Meetsma,Light- and Temperature-Induced Electron Transfer in Single Crystals of RbMn[Fe(CN)6]·H2O,Chem. Mater.,2008,20,1236~1238
[35] Hüske M,Kickelhain J,Müller J,et al.,Laser supported activation and additive metallization of thermoplastics for 3D-MIDs,Proc.3rd LANE 2001
[36]禹东赫,声控激光打孔技术研究,[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[37]蓝信钜,激光技术,北京:科学出版社,2008,276~290
[38]孙攀峰,激光飞行打标技术研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[39]姚振等,伺服电机在汽车制动零部件检测中的应用,机械设计与制造,2011,1:102~104
[40]王萌,金属络合物激光三维物化改性技术研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2011
[41]许宝忠,刘铁根,王萌等,空间自由曲面激光标刻技术研究,中国激光,2010,37(8): 2165～2169
[42] http://www.scanlab.de/
[43]王萌,刘铁根,许宝忠等,基于声波控制激光焦点的打孔系统,中国激光,2008,35,1277~1280
[44]赵日峰,陈兴海,郑义等,振镜式在线激光打标扫描方案的设计,应用激光,2004,24,41~42
[45]孙永忠,弧面凸轮分度机构加工工艺的探讨,装备制造技术,2010,5,108~109
[46]孙鑫,VC++深入详解,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,15~50
[47]曹茂永,数字图像处理,北京:北京大学出版社,2007,80~96
[48]刘传亮,陆建德,AutoCAD DXF文件格式与二次开发图形软件编程,微机发展,2004,14(9):101~103
[49]吕欣泽,基于DXF文件的激光雕刻系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津师范大学,2010
[50]张桂荣,姚迪,基于VC和OpenGL三维图形的开发,齐齐哈尔大学学报,2002,18,58~60
[51]李鑫,基于多线程的OpenGL渲染方法研究,微计算机信息,2005,1,34~37
[52]杨鹏,姚旺生,基于PC的虚拟地形漫游系统的实现,计算机仿真,2003,20,78~80
[53]郑君立,达飞鹏,谭小洪等,OpenGL在逆向工程三维重构中的应用研究,计算机应用研究,2003,30(1),91~97
[54]王博,刘铁根,王萌,基于三维扫描线数据重建的光斑半径补偿研究,激光技术,2011
[55]周炳琨等,激光原理,北京:国防工业出版社,2007,210-214
[56]柯以侃,董慧茹,分析化学手册(第二版)第三分册光谱分析,北京:化学工业出版社,1998,866~895
[57] RTC4 User’s Manual,2008
[58] 6030 Control Card User’s Manual,2003
[59] hurrySCAN 10 User’s Manual,2004
[60] varioSCAN 20 User’s Manual,2008
[61]夏慧荣,王祖赓,分子光谱学和激光光谱学导论,华东师范大学出版社,1989,98~118
[62]王萌,刘铁根,王博等,金属络合物激光物化改性研究,中国激光,2010,37(12): 3155～3161
[63]王萌,刘铁根,赵玛利等,PBT材料三维激光表面改性系统分析,天大学报自然科学版
[64]韩怀栋,自相关过程的Cpk评价研究:[博士学位论文],西安;西安电子科技大学,2009
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |