油井多相计量仿真技术的研究
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摘要
油井油、气、水三相的含率和流量是监测、控制油井和油藏动态特性的主要依据,一款可连续、在线计量的多相流量计将会为油田开发提供便利。由于多相流在流动过程中具有流型复杂、成分多变等原因,给多相流量计的开发带来很大困难。
在国际上多相流量计的开发中,通常采用孔板等节流装置来反应多相流混合流速,但是一直缺少理论依据。本文以多相流的在线测量系统研究为背景,针对利用标准孔板进行多相计量的问题,在大量实验的基础上,综合考虑实际测量中的工况参数和边界条件,利用CFX软件仿真,研究不同情况流体流经标准孔板前后流场。
介绍了当前多相流计量的主要技术方法及课题研究基于的多相计量系统;利用计量系统分别多单相水、空气及气水混合情况进行实验,了解系统运行情况,观察实验现象,获取参数范围,为后续仿真提供实验数据:分析和推导了流体流经孔板流量计时的差压信号与流体流量的关系,以及差压信号与流体流速的关系;针对实际问题,建立物理模型,并用ICEM CFD划分网格;根据工况,设定边界条件,分别对单相流(水、空气)和多相流(气水混合、油气混合、油水混合)流经标准孔板的流场进行仿真,得到多组压差一流速对应关系曲线。
根据单相流仿真结果,表明仿真的正确性及应用CFX软件的可行性;通过分别对气水混合、油气混合、油水混合的仿真结果分析,从理论上验证应用标准孔板进行多相流计量的可行性。
Oil、gas、water three-phase holdup and flow of oil well is the main basis on monitoring、controlling the dynamic characteristics of oil well and reservoir.A kind of continuous、on-line measuring multiphase flowmeter will provide convenience for oil field development.
In the international development of the multi-phase flowmeter,the usual throttling set, such as standard orifice is used to reflect the mixed-flow velocity,but has not been based on the theory.The research background of the multiphase flow on-line measuring system is shown in this paper.According to performing the multiphase flow measurement using standard orifice,on base of a great deal of experiment,simulation study on fluid fields when different fluid flow through standard orifice with CFX is performed,considering working condition parameters of practical measurement and boundary conditions comprehensively.The main contents are as follows:
Main technology method of multiphase flow measurement and multiphase measuring system subject research base on have been introduced;The single-phase water、air and gas/water experiment is performed to understand the system operation conditions,observe the experiment phenomenon,obtain the range of parameters.Experiment data is provided for the subsequent simulation;The relation between difference pressure signal and flow mass,difference pressure signal and velocity through the orifice flowmeter is analyzed and transmitted;Physical model is set up,and mesh generation is completed,according practical problem;According to the working condition,boundary condition is set up. Respective fluid field is simulated when single-phase flow(water、air) and multiphase flow (gas/water、oil/gas、oil/water) get through standard orifice to get multi-group pressure difference—velocity relation curves.
Simulation results of the single-phase indicate the correctness of simulation and the feasibility with code CFX;Simulation results of the gas/water、oil/gas、oil/water verify that performing the multiphase measuring with standard orifice is feasible theoretically.
在国际上多相流量计的开发中,通常采用孔板等节流装置来反应多相流混合流速,但是一直缺少理论依据。本文以多相流的在线测量系统研究为背景,针对利用标准孔板进行多相计量的问题,在大量实验的基础上,综合考虑实际测量中的工况参数和边界条件,利用CFX软件仿真,研究不同情况流体流经标准孔板前后流场。
介绍了当前多相流计量的主要技术方法及课题研究基于的多相计量系统;利用计量系统分别多单相水、空气及气水混合情况进行实验,了解系统运行情况,观察实验现象,获取参数范围,为后续仿真提供实验数据:分析和推导了流体流经孔板流量计时的差压信号与流体流量的关系,以及差压信号与流体流速的关系;针对实际问题,建立物理模型,并用ICEM CFD划分网格;根据工况,设定边界条件,分别对单相流(水、空气)和多相流(气水混合、油气混合、油水混合)流经标准孔板的流场进行仿真,得到多组压差一流速对应关系曲线。
根据单相流仿真结果,表明仿真的正确性及应用CFX软件的可行性;通过分别对气水混合、油气混合、油水混合的仿真结果分析,从理论上验证应用标准孔板进行多相流计量的可行性。
Oil、gas、water three-phase holdup and flow of oil well is the main basis on monitoring、controlling the dynamic characteristics of oil well and reservoir.A kind of continuous、on-line measuring multiphase flowmeter will provide convenience for oil field development.
In the international development of the multi-phase flowmeter,the usual throttling set, such as standard orifice is used to reflect the mixed-flow velocity,but has not been based on the theory.The research background of the multiphase flow on-line measuring system is shown in this paper.According to performing the multiphase flow measurement using standard orifice,on base of a great deal of experiment,simulation study on fluid fields when different fluid flow through standard orifice with CFX is performed,considering working condition parameters of practical measurement and boundary conditions comprehensively.The main contents are as follows:
Main technology method of multiphase flow measurement and multiphase measuring system subject research base on have been introduced;The single-phase water、air and gas/water experiment is performed to understand the system operation conditions,observe the experiment phenomenon,obtain the range of parameters.Experiment data is provided for the subsequent simulation;The relation between difference pressure signal and flow mass,difference pressure signal and velocity through the orifice flowmeter is analyzed and transmitted;Physical model is set up,and mesh generation is completed,according practical problem;According to the working condition,boundary condition is set up. Respective fluid field is simulated when single-phase flow(water、air) and multiphase flow (gas/water、oil/gas、oil/water) get through standard orifice to get multi-group pressure difference—velocity relation curves.
Simulation results of the single-phase indicate the correctness of simulation and the feasibility with code CFX;Simulation results of the gas/water、oil/gas、oil/water verify that performing the multiphase measuring with standard orifice is feasible theoretically.
引文
[1]曹学文,林宗虎,耿艳峰等.在线多相流量计测量技术研究.中国海上油气(工程),2002,14(2):37-40.
[2]Leefken,R.Rzehak,F.Al-Sibai,H.Müller-Krumbhaar,and U.Renz.Numerical Computation of an Immiscible Two-Phase Flow in Comparison with Experiment[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2008,17(1):80-94.
[3]A.C.Benim,P.Stegelitz,B.Epple.Simulation of the two-phase flow in a laboratory coal pulveriser [J].Forsch Ingenieurwes,2005,69:197-204.
[4]于光平,陈强.相关法在超声波流量计设计中的应用.沈阳工业大学学报,2008,30(2):207-211.
[5]徐济鋆著.沸腾传热和气液两相流.北京:原子能出版社,2001.
[6]林宗虎著.变幻流动的科学--多相流体力学.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[7]孔珑主编.两相流体力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[8]纪纲编著.流量测量仪表应用技巧.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[9]吴浩江,李斌.水平管内油-气-水三相流流型的实验研究.油气储运,1999,18(7):30-34.
[10]胡志华,钱焕群.水平管内油气水三相流流型的研究.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(9):899-902.
[11]章龙江.国外油气水三相流流动形态研究的最新进展.油气田地面工程,1998,14(7):6-8.
[12]周云龙,蔡辉.水平管内油-气-水三相流流型特性研究.东北电力学院学报,2002,20(2):1-5.
[13]吴浩江,李斌.水平管内油气水三相流流型的试验研究.油气田地面工程,1999,18(4):1-2.
[14]Irving H.Shames.Mechanics of Fluids.Second Edition.McGraw-Hill Book Company.New York:1982.
[15]王晓东,董守平.石油多相流计量研究的现状和发展趋势.油气田地面工程,1999,18(2):4-7.
[16]刘晓燕,刘扬.油气水三相流流型国内外实验研究进展.管道技术与装备,2007,4.
[17]Poettmann FH,Capenter PG..The Multiphase Flow of Gas,Oil,and Water Through Vertical Flow Strings With Application to the Design of Gas-Lift Installations.Drill and Prod Prac,API,2000:257-317.
[18]陈家琅.石油气液两相管流.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
[19]Hagedorn AR,Brown KE.Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Small-Diameter Vertical Conduits.J Pet Tech,1999,(4):475,484.
[20]Orkiszewski J.Prediction Two-phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe.J Pet Tech,2002,(6):829-838.
[21]Aziz K,Govier GW,Fogarasi M.Pressure Drop in Wells Producing Oil and Gas.J Cdn Pet Tech,2003,(7-9):38-48.
[22]Beggs HD,Brill JP.A Study of Two Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes.J Pet Tech,2001,(5):607-617.
[23]A.S.Kaya.Mechanistic Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Deviated Wells.SPE Production &Facilities.August 2001:156-165.
[24]Allan Rydahl.Application of Transient Multiphase Compositional Tracking for Pipeline Flow Analysis.SPE,77502,2002.
[25]D.Zhu,A.D.Hill.Evaluation of Crossflow Effects in Multilateral Wells.SPE 75250.
[26]P.Abduvayt et al.Effects of Pressure and Pipe Diameter on Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Behavior in PipelinesSPE.84229.
[27]J.Del Rio-H et al.Nonlinear Multivariate Optimization of Production Systems Using a Mechanistic Model.SPE,84050,2003.
[28]EI- Sayed A.Osman.Artificial Neural Network Models For identifying Flow Regimes and Predicting Liquid Holdup in Horizontal Muitiphase Flow.SPE,86910,2003.
[29]H.Shi et al.Drift-Flux Modeling of Multiphase Flow in Wellbors.SPE,84228,2003.
[30]H.Shi et al.Drift-Flux Parameters for Three-Phase Steady-State Flow in Weilbores.SPE,89836,2004.
[31]吴宁,张琪,蔡中庆,赵景生,陈超.水平井筒气液两相变质量流动流型转变的研究.石油学报,2001,22(5):79-84.
[32]吴宁,张琪,周生田,赵庆辉.水平井筒变质量分散泡状流压降模型.中国学术期刊文摘,2000,6(11):113-114.
[33]吴宁,宿淑春,葛铁辉,宋国光.水平变质量气液两相环空雾状流压降的分析模型.河南石油,2001,15(2):35-37.
[34]吴宁,张琪,周生田,李明忠.平井筒变质量分层流压降模型.中国学术期刊文摘,2001,7(1):105-107.
[35]吴宁,李晓明,张琪.水平井筒变质量间歇流压降的理论与试验研究.石油钻采工艺,2004,26(1):43-46.
[36]杨向东,陶阳.多相流量计的原理与开发应用简介.石油工业技术监督,2003,3(2):26-28.
[37]赵英年,胡文杰.多相流量计的应用研究.中国海上油田(工程),1999,11(6):41-46.
[38]王福军编著.计算流体动力学分析--CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[39]翟建华.计算流体力学(CFD)的通用软件.河北科技大学学报,2005,26(2):160-165.
[40]傅德薰,马延文.计算流体力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[41]方坤.计算流体力学的几种常用软件.2006,25(12).
[42]王栋,林宗虎.气液两相流体流量的分流分相测量法.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(5):441-444.
[43]王栋,林宗虎.一种新的气液两相流体流量计--三通管型分流分相式两相流体流量计.过程热物理学报,2001,22(4):488-491.
[44]焦其祥著.电磁场与电磁波.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004.
[45]罗海清.基于msp430的原油含水率测量:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[46]黄正华.油水混合介质相对介电常数的研究.油气田地面工程,2000,19(2):8-10.
[47]Lamkaouchi K,Ellison W J,Moreau J M.Water:A Dielectric Reference.Journal of Molecular Liquids,1996,68(2):171-279.
[48]蔡武昌.科里奥利质量流量计的应用.世界仪表与自动化,1999,19(2):32-36.
[49]秦蔚.科里奥利质量流量计的技术进展及市场分析.世界仪表与自动化,2003,21(2):25-27.
[50]蔡武昌主编.新型流量检测仪表.北京:化学工业出版社:2005.
[51]黄斌,吕琨.差压式流量计的应用与分析.自动化仪表,1996,17(8):19-22.
[52]梁国伟,蔡武昌主编.流量测量技术及仪表.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[53]林宗虎编著.气液两相流和沸腾传热.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2003.
[2]Leefken,R.Rzehak,F.Al-Sibai,H.Müller-Krumbhaar,and U.Renz.Numerical Computation of an Immiscible Two-Phase Flow in Comparison with Experiment[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2008,17(1):80-94.
[3]A.C.Benim,P.Stegelitz,B.Epple.Simulation of the two-phase flow in a laboratory coal pulveriser [J].Forsch Ingenieurwes,2005,69:197-204.
[4]于光平,陈强.相关法在超声波流量计设计中的应用.沈阳工业大学学报,2008,30(2):207-211.
[5]徐济鋆著.沸腾传热和气液两相流.北京:原子能出版社,2001.
[6]林宗虎著.变幻流动的科学--多相流体力学.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[7]孔珑主编.两相流体力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[8]纪纲编著.流量测量仪表应用技巧.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[9]吴浩江,李斌.水平管内油-气-水三相流流型的实验研究.油气储运,1999,18(7):30-34.
[10]胡志华,钱焕群.水平管内油气水三相流流型的研究.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(9):899-902.
[11]章龙江.国外油气水三相流流动形态研究的最新进展.油气田地面工程,1998,14(7):6-8.
[12]周云龙,蔡辉.水平管内油-气-水三相流流型特性研究.东北电力学院学报,2002,20(2):1-5.
[13]吴浩江,李斌.水平管内油气水三相流流型的试验研究.油气田地面工程,1999,18(4):1-2.
[14]Irving H.Shames.Mechanics of Fluids.Second Edition.McGraw-Hill Book Company.New York:1982.
[15]王晓东,董守平.石油多相流计量研究的现状和发展趋势.油气田地面工程,1999,18(2):4-7.
[16]刘晓燕,刘扬.油气水三相流流型国内外实验研究进展.管道技术与装备,2007,4.
[17]Poettmann FH,Capenter PG..The Multiphase Flow of Gas,Oil,and Water Through Vertical Flow Strings With Application to the Design of Gas-Lift Installations.Drill and Prod Prac,API,2000:257-317.
[18]陈家琅.石油气液两相管流.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
[19]Hagedorn AR,Brown KE.Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Small-Diameter Vertical Conduits.J Pet Tech,1999,(4):475,484.
[20]Orkiszewski J.Prediction Two-phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe.J Pet Tech,2002,(6):829-838.
[21]Aziz K,Govier GW,Fogarasi M.Pressure Drop in Wells Producing Oil and Gas.J Cdn Pet Tech,2003,(7-9):38-48.
[22]Beggs HD,Brill JP.A Study of Two Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes.J Pet Tech,2001,(5):607-617.
[23]A.S.Kaya.Mechanistic Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Deviated Wells.SPE Production &Facilities.August 2001:156-165.
[24]Allan Rydahl.Application of Transient Multiphase Compositional Tracking for Pipeline Flow Analysis.SPE,77502,2002.
[25]D.Zhu,A.D.Hill.Evaluation of Crossflow Effects in Multilateral Wells.SPE 75250.
[26]P.Abduvayt et al.Effects of Pressure and Pipe Diameter on Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Behavior in PipelinesSPE.84229.
[27]J.Del Rio-H et al.Nonlinear Multivariate Optimization of Production Systems Using a Mechanistic Model.SPE,84050,2003.
[28]EI- Sayed A.Osman.Artificial Neural Network Models For identifying Flow Regimes and Predicting Liquid Holdup in Horizontal Muitiphase Flow.SPE,86910,2003.
[29]H.Shi et al.Drift-Flux Modeling of Multiphase Flow in Wellbors.SPE,84228,2003.
[30]H.Shi et al.Drift-Flux Parameters for Three-Phase Steady-State Flow in Weilbores.SPE,89836,2004.
[31]吴宁,张琪,蔡中庆,赵景生,陈超.水平井筒气液两相变质量流动流型转变的研究.石油学报,2001,22(5):79-84.
[32]吴宁,张琪,周生田,赵庆辉.水平井筒变质量分散泡状流压降模型.中国学术期刊文摘,2000,6(11):113-114.
[33]吴宁,宿淑春,葛铁辉,宋国光.水平变质量气液两相环空雾状流压降的分析模型.河南石油,2001,15(2):35-37.
[34]吴宁,张琪,周生田,李明忠.平井筒变质量分层流压降模型.中国学术期刊文摘,2001,7(1):105-107.
[35]吴宁,李晓明,张琪.水平井筒变质量间歇流压降的理论与试验研究.石油钻采工艺,2004,26(1):43-46.
[36]杨向东,陶阳.多相流量计的原理与开发应用简介.石油工业技术监督,2003,3(2):26-28.
[37]赵英年,胡文杰.多相流量计的应用研究.中国海上油田(工程),1999,11(6):41-46.
[38]王福军编著.计算流体动力学分析--CFD软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[39]翟建华.计算流体力学(CFD)的通用软件.河北科技大学学报,2005,26(2):160-165.
[40]傅德薰,马延文.计算流体力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[41]方坤.计算流体力学的几种常用软件.2006,25(12).
[42]王栋,林宗虎.气液两相流体流量的分流分相测量法.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(5):441-444.
[43]王栋,林宗虎.一种新的气液两相流体流量计--三通管型分流分相式两相流体流量计.过程热物理学报,2001,22(4):488-491.
[44]焦其祥著.电磁场与电磁波.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004.
[45]罗海清.基于msp430的原油含水率测量:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[46]黄正华.油水混合介质相对介电常数的研究.油气田地面工程,2000,19(2):8-10.
[47]Lamkaouchi K,Ellison W J,Moreau J M.Water:A Dielectric Reference.Journal of Molecular Liquids,1996,68(2):171-279.
[48]蔡武昌.科里奥利质量流量计的应用.世界仪表与自动化,1999,19(2):32-36.
[49]秦蔚.科里奥利质量流量计的技术进展及市场分析.世界仪表与自动化,2003,21(2):25-27.
[50]蔡武昌主编.新型流量检测仪表.北京:化学工业出版社:2005.
[51]黄斌,吕琨.差压式流量计的应用与分析.自动化仪表,1996,17(8):19-22.
[52]梁国伟,蔡武昌主编.流量测量技术及仪表.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[53]林宗虎编著.气液两相流和沸腾传热.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2003.