基于GSM信号的无源雷达技术研究
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摘要
近年来,先进电子进攻技术的不断发展给传统体制雷达带来了严重的挑战,主要包含四大威胁:电子干扰、超低空突防以及反辐射导弹和隐身技术。利用民用信号作为外辐射源的无源雷达因具有对抗这四大挑战的优势而备受世界关注。另一方面,随着人类对移动通信需求的增加,无线通信技术正日趋发达,已产生三代通信体制,并且第四代也处于研制当中。无线通信网络所具有的分布广、冗余度大以及方便组网等优势使其越来越受到无源雷达研究者们的重视。本文围绕上述热点,对基于第二代手机信号的无源雷达系统进行研究,实现在强直达波干扰环境下对目标的定位以及跟踪。本文完成的工作如下:
1、通过深入地了解GSM通信协议,具体分析信号的帧结构和系统所采用的主要技术以及其无线信道划分,对无源雷达系统的外辐射源进行优化选择,并对其做出适宜性评价。
2、无源雷达系统类似于传统的双(多)基地雷达体制。根据GSM小区的组网方式以及后端信号处理的算法实现问题,提出了基于时延和多普勒频移的T3R1布站方式,在接收机处设置两个独立的天线,分别接收来自GSM基站的直达波信号和目标回波信号。在此基础上,对系统的直达波干扰抑制技术进行了研究,采用基于NLMS准则的闭环自适应对消算法抑制直达波,并利用实际测得的信号进行了试验,验证了直达波抑制算法的有效性。
3、无源雷达系统常因基站发射功率小,传播环境复杂而导致作用距离较小。论文对宏小区和微小区情况下系统的威力范围进行了讨论。针对作用距离小的问题,论文提出采用如下几种方案来增大威力范围:非相干积累技术、利用更多基站联合定位技术以及综合利用单个GSM基站内多个信道的频道复用技术,并研究了相位补偿以及相参积累的算法,仿真结果验证了所采用方案的有效性。
In recent years, advanced electronic attack technologies continue to challenge traditional radar system, including four major threats: electronic interference, minimum altitude breakthrough, anti-radiation missile and invisible technique. Because being good at combating these four challenges, civil signal based passive radar has attracted world’s attention. On the other hand, with the increasing demand of human for mobile communication, wireless communication technology is gradually becoming mature and three generations of communications systems have already occurred, the fourth generation is also being developed. Wireless communication network is of wide distribution, large redundancy and being flexible in organizing a network, so it attracts more and more radar researcher’s attentions. This paper focuses on the research of GSM signals based passive radar system, achieve the target location and tracking with the interference of strong direct signal. The works completed are as follows:
1. Take a deep study of the GSM protocol; Analyze the GSM signal's frame structure and the main technologies used in the system; According to the wireless channel division method, choose the optimalizing channel as the non-cooperate illuminator, and make a comment on it’s suitability of being an illuminator.
2. The passive radar system is similar to the traditional bistatic (multi-static) radar. Considering the GSM Station Distribution and the realization of back end signal processing algorithm, propose a“time delay and Doppler frequency shift”based T3R1 location method. The receiver includes two separate antennas, one receives direct signal from the GSM base station and the other receives the echo signal form the target. On this basis, the direct path interference cancellation is completed, using NLMS based closed loop adaptive algorithm. And this technology is verified by the measured signal.
3. Due to the weak transmitting power and complex transmission environment, passive radar system has a short detecting range. This paper discussed the detecting range of the passive radar system in macro-cell and micro-cell systems. To increase the detecting range, proposes several schemes, they are as follows: Non-coherent accumulation technology, joint-location technology by using more GSM base stations, and multiple channels multiplexing in a single GSM base station. Then studies the phase compensation and coherent integration algorithm. And the simulation certificates the validity of the proposed scheme.
1、通过深入地了解GSM通信协议,具体分析信号的帧结构和系统所采用的主要技术以及其无线信道划分,对无源雷达系统的外辐射源进行优化选择,并对其做出适宜性评价。
2、无源雷达系统类似于传统的双(多)基地雷达体制。根据GSM小区的组网方式以及后端信号处理的算法实现问题,提出了基于时延和多普勒频移的T3R1布站方式,在接收机处设置两个独立的天线,分别接收来自GSM基站的直达波信号和目标回波信号。在此基础上,对系统的直达波干扰抑制技术进行了研究,采用基于NLMS准则的闭环自适应对消算法抑制直达波,并利用实际测得的信号进行了试验,验证了直达波抑制算法的有效性。
3、无源雷达系统常因基站发射功率小,传播环境复杂而导致作用距离较小。论文对宏小区和微小区情况下系统的威力范围进行了讨论。针对作用距离小的问题,论文提出采用如下几种方案来增大威力范围:非相干积累技术、利用更多基站联合定位技术以及综合利用单个GSM基站内多个信道的频道复用技术,并研究了相位补偿以及相参积累的算法,仿真结果验证了所采用方案的有效性。
In recent years, advanced electronic attack technologies continue to challenge traditional radar system, including four major threats: electronic interference, minimum altitude breakthrough, anti-radiation missile and invisible technique. Because being good at combating these four challenges, civil signal based passive radar has attracted world’s attention. On the other hand, with the increasing demand of human for mobile communication, wireless communication technology is gradually becoming mature and three generations of communications systems have already occurred, the fourth generation is also being developed. Wireless communication network is of wide distribution, large redundancy and being flexible in organizing a network, so it attracts more and more radar researcher’s attentions. This paper focuses on the research of GSM signals based passive radar system, achieve the target location and tracking with the interference of strong direct signal. The works completed are as follows:
1. Take a deep study of the GSM protocol; Analyze the GSM signal's frame structure and the main technologies used in the system; According to the wireless channel division method, choose the optimalizing channel as the non-cooperate illuminator, and make a comment on it’s suitability of being an illuminator.
2. The passive radar system is similar to the traditional bistatic (multi-static) radar. Considering the GSM Station Distribution and the realization of back end signal processing algorithm, propose a“time delay and Doppler frequency shift”based T3R1 location method. The receiver includes two separate antennas, one receives direct signal from the GSM base station and the other receives the echo signal form the target. On this basis, the direct path interference cancellation is completed, using NLMS based closed loop adaptive algorithm. And this technology is verified by the measured signal.
3. Due to the weak transmitting power and complex transmission environment, passive radar system has a short detecting range. This paper discussed the detecting range of the passive radar system in macro-cell and micro-cell systems. To increase the detecting range, proposes several schemes, they are as follows: Non-coherent accumulation technology, joint-location technology by using more GSM base stations, and multiple channels multiplexing in a single GSM base station. Then studies the phase compensation and coherent integration algorithm. And the simulation certificates the validity of the proposed scheme.
引文
[1] P.E.Howland. Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar. IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig, 1999,146(3)
[2] P.E.Howland, D.Maksimiuk, G.Reitsma. FM radio based bistatic radar. IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig, 2005,152(3)
[3]杨进佩.基于GPS的无源雷达技术研究. [博士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学, 2006
[4]孙仲康,周一宇,何黎星等.单多基地有源无源定位技术.北京:国防工业出版社. 1996
[5] H.D.Griffiths, C.J.Baker. Passive coherent location radar systems Part1:Performance prediction. IEE Pro.-Radar, Sonar Navig, 2005,152(3)
[6]朱滢.基于数字电视的无源定位系统研究. [硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学, 2004
[7]王乙惠,王俊.利用GSM为信号源的探测系统.中国电子科学研究院学报. 2007,2(5):1-2
[8] Hongbo sun, Danny K.P.Tan, Yilong Lu. Design and Implementation of an Experimental GSM Based Passive Radar. IEEE Radar conference. 2003
[9] Danny K.P.Tan, Hongbo Sun, Yilong Lu, etc. Feasibility analysis of GSM. IEEE Radar conference. 2003
[10] D.K.P.Tan, M.Lesturgie, H.L.Chan, etc. Passive radar using Global System for Mobile communication signal theory, implementation and measurements. IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig, 2005,152(3)
[11] Danny K.P.Tan, Hongbo Sun, Yilong Lu. Sea and Air Moving Target Measurements. IEEE Radar conference. 2005
[12] Ding-Bing Lin, Rong-Terng Juang, and Hsin-Piao Lin. Robust Mobile Location Estimation Based on Signal Attenuation for Cellular Communication Systems. IEEE Radar conference. 2005
[13] Lockheed Martin Mission Systems, Silent Sentry, 1999
[14] B.D.Nordwall.‘Silent Sentry’-A New Type OF radar[N]. Aviation Week&Space Technology. 1998
[15]史田元.广播定位技术发展简介.现代雷达. 2001,(1)
[16]刘惠茹,陶然,周思永.用于无源双(多)基地雷达系统的GSM研究.现代雷达. 2003,(5)
[17]张财生,刘勤,唐小明,等.无源相干定位系统直达波干扰对消研究.现代雷达. 2008,30(8)
[18]朱家兵,陶亮,许得刚,等.基于非合作照射源的无源雷达直达波抑制技术.雷达与对抗. 2006,(1)
[19]张平川,黎步银,黄兆祥,等.基于机会发射的手机雷达及其关键技术探讨.信息与电子工程. 2008,6(6)
[20]陶建义.基于外辐射源的无源雷达技术.现代电子. 2002,3:8
[21] ETSI TS 100 573,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); physical layer on the radio path: general description’. GSM 05.01 version 8.4.0 Release 1999, August 2000
[22] ETSI EN 300 910,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase2+); radio transmission and reception’. GSM 05.05 version 8.5.1 Release 1999, November 2000
[23]吴伟陵,牛凯.移动通信原理.北京:电子工业出版社. 2005
[24]杨雅洁. GSM网络优化中干扰处理的研究与实践. [硕士学位论文].上海:复旦大学, 2008
[25] ETSI EN 300 908,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path’. GSM 05.02 version 8.5.1 Release 1999, November 2000
[26] ETSI EN 300 959,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); modulation’. GSM 05.04 version 8.1.2 Release 1999, February 2001
[27]刘继武. GSM空中信号截取与移动台定位技术研究. [硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学, 2004
[28]庞沁华,李卫东,黄宇红.数字移动通信高斯最小移频键控调制器.北京邮电大学学报. [J]. 1994,17(4)
[29]赵兴浩,陶然.无源雷达GSM信号模糊函数研究.现代雷达. 2004,26(2)
[30]杨运甫,陶然,王越,等.一种GSM无源雷达信号模型及模糊函数性质研究.电子学报. 2005,33(6)
[31] Seymour Stein, Algorithms for Ambiguity Function Processing. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. 1981,29(3)
[32] M.I.Skolnik.王军等译.雷达手册.[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2003
[33]杨振起,张永顺,洛永军.双(多)基地雷达系统. [M].北京:国防工业出版社. 2001
[34]丁鹭飞,陈建春.雷达原理.北京:电子工业出版社. 2009
[35]王超,王永良.外辐射源机载预警雷达系统的信杂比.雷达科学与技术. 2006,4(4)
[36] John R.Treichler, Brian G..Agee. A New Approach to Multipath Correction of Constant Modulus Signals. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. 1983,31(2)
[37]林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论.北京:国防工业出版社. 1984
[38]张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[39]徐政五,罗吴蔓,顾杰.基于GSM网络的定位系统的实现.电子科技大学学报. [J].2003,32(4)
[40]李伟,魏平,肖扬灿.无源相干定位系统中的接收机与外场实验.实验科学与技术. 2004,(2)
[41]赵洪立,基于调频广播的无源雷达系统中微弱目标检测技术的研究. [博士学位论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[42]范晓彦,王俊,何兵哲.基于检测前跟踪的超视距雷达微弱目标检测方法.飞行器测控学报. [J]. 2007,26(1)
[2] P.E.Howland, D.Maksimiuk, G.Reitsma. FM radio based bistatic radar. IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig, 2005,152(3)
[3]杨进佩.基于GPS的无源雷达技术研究. [博士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学, 2006
[4]孙仲康,周一宇,何黎星等.单多基地有源无源定位技术.北京:国防工业出版社. 1996
[5] H.D.Griffiths, C.J.Baker. Passive coherent location radar systems Part1:Performance prediction. IEE Pro.-Radar, Sonar Navig, 2005,152(3)
[6]朱滢.基于数字电视的无源定位系统研究. [硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学, 2004
[7]王乙惠,王俊.利用GSM为信号源的探测系统.中国电子科学研究院学报. 2007,2(5):1-2
[8] Hongbo sun, Danny K.P.Tan, Yilong Lu. Design and Implementation of an Experimental GSM Based Passive Radar. IEEE Radar conference. 2003
[9] Danny K.P.Tan, Hongbo Sun, Yilong Lu, etc. Feasibility analysis of GSM. IEEE Radar conference. 2003
[10] D.K.P.Tan, M.Lesturgie, H.L.Chan, etc. Passive radar using Global System for Mobile communication signal theory, implementation and measurements. IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig, 2005,152(3)
[11] Danny K.P.Tan, Hongbo Sun, Yilong Lu. Sea and Air Moving Target Measurements. IEEE Radar conference. 2005
[12] Ding-Bing Lin, Rong-Terng Juang, and Hsin-Piao Lin. Robust Mobile Location Estimation Based on Signal Attenuation for Cellular Communication Systems. IEEE Radar conference. 2005
[13] Lockheed Martin Mission Systems, Silent Sentry, 1999
[14] B.D.Nordwall.‘Silent Sentry’-A New Type OF radar[N]. Aviation Week&Space Technology. 1998
[15]史田元.广播定位技术发展简介.现代雷达. 2001,(1)
[16]刘惠茹,陶然,周思永.用于无源双(多)基地雷达系统的GSM研究.现代雷达. 2003,(5)
[17]张财生,刘勤,唐小明,等.无源相干定位系统直达波干扰对消研究.现代雷达. 2008,30(8)
[18]朱家兵,陶亮,许得刚,等.基于非合作照射源的无源雷达直达波抑制技术.雷达与对抗. 2006,(1)
[19]张平川,黎步银,黄兆祥,等.基于机会发射的手机雷达及其关键技术探讨.信息与电子工程. 2008,6(6)
[20]陶建义.基于外辐射源的无源雷达技术.现代电子. 2002,3:8
[21] ETSI TS 100 573,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); physical layer on the radio path: general description’. GSM 05.01 version 8.4.0 Release 1999, August 2000
[22] ETSI EN 300 910,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase2+); radio transmission and reception’. GSM 05.05 version 8.5.1 Release 1999, November 2000
[23]吴伟陵,牛凯.移动通信原理.北京:电子工业出版社. 2005
[24]杨雅洁. GSM网络优化中干扰处理的研究与实践. [硕士学位论文].上海:复旦大学, 2008
[25] ETSI EN 300 908,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path’. GSM 05.02 version 8.5.1 Release 1999, November 2000
[26] ETSI EN 300 959,‘Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); modulation’. GSM 05.04 version 8.1.2 Release 1999, February 2001
[27]刘继武. GSM空中信号截取与移动台定位技术研究. [硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学, 2004
[28]庞沁华,李卫东,黄宇红.数字移动通信高斯最小移频键控调制器.北京邮电大学学报. [J]. 1994,17(4)
[29]赵兴浩,陶然.无源雷达GSM信号模糊函数研究.现代雷达. 2004,26(2)
[30]杨运甫,陶然,王越,等.一种GSM无源雷达信号模型及模糊函数性质研究.电子学报. 2005,33(6)
[31] Seymour Stein, Algorithms for Ambiguity Function Processing. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. 1981,29(3)
[32] M.I.Skolnik.王军等译.雷达手册.[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2003
[33]杨振起,张永顺,洛永军.双(多)基地雷达系统. [M].北京:国防工业出版社. 2001
[34]丁鹭飞,陈建春.雷达原理.北京:电子工业出版社. 2009
[35]王超,王永良.外辐射源机载预警雷达系统的信杂比.雷达科学与技术. 2006,4(4)
[36] John R.Treichler, Brian G..Agee. A New Approach to Multipath Correction of Constant Modulus Signals. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. 1983,31(2)
[37]林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论.北京:国防工业出版社. 1984
[38]张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[39]徐政五,罗吴蔓,顾杰.基于GSM网络的定位系统的实现.电子科技大学学报. [J].2003,32(4)
[40]李伟,魏平,肖扬灿.无源相干定位系统中的接收机与外场实验.实验科学与技术. 2004,(2)
[41]赵洪立,基于调频广播的无源雷达系统中微弱目标检测技术的研究. [博士学位论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[42]范晓彦,王俊,何兵哲.基于检测前跟踪的超视距雷达微弱目标检测方法.飞行器测控学报. [J]. 2007,26(1)