基于电磁波明渠流速测量信号处理及实现方法研究
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摘要
本论文的题目是基于电磁波明渠流速测量信号处理及实现方法研究。鉴于目前国内产品和相关技术研究的匮乏,本文详尽介绍了基于电磁波的流速测量方法的发展状况、工作原理和重难点问题研究,并制成了原理样机。文章主要包括以下四个方面的内容:
1.电磁波流速仪的原理及系统实现方法
本文围绕基于电磁波的明渠流速测量问题展开研究。在充分分析、研究国内外现有理论成果及其在工程中应用的基础上开展工作。文章介绍了电磁波流速仪的基本工作原理—雷达多普勒效应,提出了基于雷达多普勒效应的系统实现方法,给出了硬件集成和软件实现方案,并进行了外场测试实验。
2.电磁波流速测量中的信号处理问题研究
这部分主要包括多普勒测速原理及流速测量中的信号处理问题研究。为了提高测量精度,文章从提高测频分辨率的方法着手,介绍了提高测频分辨率的时域算法和频域算法;为了满足嵌入式测量系统实时性、测量精度和测量范围的要求,提出了变采样率的方法;针对目前低流速测量难的问题,文中分析了影响低流速测量的主要干扰因素并提出了抑制方法。
3.基于DSP的嵌入式测量系统的实现
这部分包括硬件集成和软件实现。硬件集成包括雷达收发器的发射、接收信号及前置IF放大,回波信号的放大、带通滤波、通道选择以及采集电路。软件实现包括信号处理算法在DSP上的实现,主要包括滑动采集、溢出数据处理和异常数据处理等。
4.原理样机的实验验证
这部分包括原理样机在实验室环境和外场环境的测试实验。通过实验与理论结合,进一步验证所用原理、方法的正确性和实用性。
The topic of this paper was study of open channel velocity measurement signal processing and implementation based on electromagnetic waves. Given the rarely study of current domestic products and related technologies, this paper put forward a new channel flow velocity measurement method based on electromagnetic waves, and introduced its development status, work principle and key problems in the research. Finally, the principle prototype has been formed. This paper’s content included the following sections:
1. The principle of electromagnetic flow meter and the implementation of system.
This paper focused on the issues of open channel flow measurement based on the electromagnetic waves. There is a full analysis of the existing theoretical results and their domestic application in the project at home and abroad for the first. And then it described the basic operating principle - the radar Doppler effects. The paper proposed the implementation of system and gave hardware and software solution integration at last.
2. The research of key issues of electromagnetic flow velocity measurement signal processing.
This section mainly introduced the research of key issues of electromagnetic flow velocity measurement signal processing and the principle of the radar Doppler effects. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the paper studied the frequency resolution improvement. To meet the requirement of measurement accuracy and measurement range of real-time embedded measurement systems, the paper proposed variable sampling rate method. As low flow velocity measured difficultly now, this paper analyzed the major interference factors and raised suppression methods.
3. The achievement of embedded measurement system based on DSP.
This section formed by hardware section and software section. Hardware contained radar transceiver transmitting and receiving signals, pre-IF amplifier, the echo signal amplification, filtering and collection. Software included signal processing algorithms on the DSP, including slide collection, handling of exception data.
4. The experimental verifications of the prototype.
This section included the experimental verifications of the prototype in a laboratory environment and field environment forward.
1.电磁波流速仪的原理及系统实现方法
本文围绕基于电磁波的明渠流速测量问题展开研究。在充分分析、研究国内外现有理论成果及其在工程中应用的基础上开展工作。文章介绍了电磁波流速仪的基本工作原理—雷达多普勒效应,提出了基于雷达多普勒效应的系统实现方法,给出了硬件集成和软件实现方案,并进行了外场测试实验。
2.电磁波流速测量中的信号处理问题研究
这部分主要包括多普勒测速原理及流速测量中的信号处理问题研究。为了提高测量精度,文章从提高测频分辨率的方法着手,介绍了提高测频分辨率的时域算法和频域算法;为了满足嵌入式测量系统实时性、测量精度和测量范围的要求,提出了变采样率的方法;针对目前低流速测量难的问题,文中分析了影响低流速测量的主要干扰因素并提出了抑制方法。
3.基于DSP的嵌入式测量系统的实现
这部分包括硬件集成和软件实现。硬件集成包括雷达收发器的发射、接收信号及前置IF放大,回波信号的放大、带通滤波、通道选择以及采集电路。软件实现包括信号处理算法在DSP上的实现,主要包括滑动采集、溢出数据处理和异常数据处理等。
4.原理样机的实验验证
这部分包括原理样机在实验室环境和外场环境的测试实验。通过实验与理论结合,进一步验证所用原理、方法的正确性和实用性。
The topic of this paper was study of open channel velocity measurement signal processing and implementation based on electromagnetic waves. Given the rarely study of current domestic products and related technologies, this paper put forward a new channel flow velocity measurement method based on electromagnetic waves, and introduced its development status, work principle and key problems in the research. Finally, the principle prototype has been formed. This paper’s content included the following sections:
1. The principle of electromagnetic flow meter and the implementation of system.
This paper focused on the issues of open channel flow measurement based on the electromagnetic waves. There is a full analysis of the existing theoretical results and their domestic application in the project at home and abroad for the first. And then it described the basic operating principle - the radar Doppler effects. The paper proposed the implementation of system and gave hardware and software solution integration at last.
2. The research of key issues of electromagnetic flow velocity measurement signal processing.
This section mainly introduced the research of key issues of electromagnetic flow velocity measurement signal processing and the principle of the radar Doppler effects. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the paper studied the frequency resolution improvement. To meet the requirement of measurement accuracy and measurement range of real-time embedded measurement systems, the paper proposed variable sampling rate method. As low flow velocity measured difficultly now, this paper analyzed the major interference factors and raised suppression methods.
3. The achievement of embedded measurement system based on DSP.
This section formed by hardware section and software section. Hardware contained radar transceiver transmitting and receiving signals, pre-IF amplifier, the echo signal amplification, filtering and collection. Software included signal processing algorithms on the DSP, including slide collection, handling of exception data.
4. The experimental verifications of the prototype.
This section included the experimental verifications of the prototype in a laboratory environment and field environment forward.
引文
[1]赵承,姚润丰.奏响全面加快水利改革发展新号角_水利部部长陈雷解析2011年中央一号文件[J] .中国水利报,2011,4:5-7.
[2]张建海. LD15-1型电波流速仪的比测与应用[J] .水利水文自动化,1997,3:13-17.
[3]陈加德.从“电磁流量计的工作原理”谈起[J].湖南教育,2011,8.
[4]蔡武昌,马中元,翟国芳.电磁流量计[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2004.
[5]张红.电磁流量计在污水处理用的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2008.
[6]董志勇.浅谈超声波流量计的基本原理及类型[J].计量与测试技术,2008,35(10):8-10.
[7]梁国伟,蔡武昌.流量测量技术与仪表[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[8]廖华桥.LFMCM液位测量雷达系统及信号处理研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2006.
[9]何树阳.高精度测频技术研究与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008.
[10]魏钟记,刘峰,汪铭东.数字测频方法及实现[J].电子测量技术,2006,29(4):28-29.
[11]龚克,范春凤,刘百超.零中频接收机及其直流偏移抑制方法[J].周口师范学院学报,2008,3.
[12]李延军.探地雷达干扰抑制及波速估计问题的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2008.
[13] Abujarad, Fawzy, Jostingmeier,et al. Clutter removal for landmine using different signal Processing techniques. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR2004,VOl.2:697-700.
[14] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor. Revised January 2008.
[15]丁鹭飞,耿富录,陈建春.雷达原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[16]丁志良.电波流速仪的原理及应用简介[J].水利水文自动化,1991,2:46-48.
[17]丁志良. LD15—1型电波流速仪[J].气象水文海洋仪器,1994,2:56-60.
[18]丁志良.电波流速仪及其实验[J].水文,1993,4:43-45.
[19]陆伟佳,时霞.浅谈雷达测流技术在美国的发展[J].水利水文自动化,2006,4:43-45.
[20]阮文亭,张勇健.雷达枪(SVR)在山区河流测流用的应用探讨[J].广东水利水电,2009,6(6):51-54.
[21]F.P. Haeni, Marc L. Buursink, John E. Costa, etc. Ground-Penetrating Radar Methods Used In Surface-Water Discharge Measurements. In: David A. Noon, Glen F. stickley, Dennis Longstaff eds. GPR 2000:proceedings of the eighth international conference on ground penetratingradar. Australia:University of Queensland,2000.
[22]袁薇,孙景峰,梵文侠.欠采样与ZFFT在频移检测中的应用[J].电子科技,2010,23(3):65-67.
[23]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[24]徐飞,王延暴.Chirp-z变换在雷达信号处理中的应用[J].现代电子技术,2011,34(9):46-48.
[25]陈祝明,丁义元,向敬成.采用Chirp-z变换提高LFMCW雷达的测距离精度[J].信号处理,2002,18(2):110-112.
[26]薛海中,李鹏,张娟等.基于局部频谱连续细化的高精度频率估计算法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2007,34(1):22-25.
[27]刘进明,应怀樵.FFT谱连续细化分析的富里叶变化法[J].振动工程学报,1995,8(2):163-166.
[28] Emmanuel C.Ifeachor,Barrie W.Jervis.Digital Signal Processing:A Practical Approach(Second Edition) [M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[29]徐培民,杨积东,闻邦椿.邻近频率分量的频谱识别与校正法[J].东北大学学报,2001,22(2):211-214.
[30]马志刚.基于小波分析的车辆噪声特征提取方法研究[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(1):1-2.
[31] Texas Instruments. TMS320C55x Instruction Set Simulator Technical Reference. April 2005.
[32]周翠,王路.多抽样率信号处理理论及其应用研究[J].软件导刊,2007,11:35~37.
[33]陆娜,栾晓明,刘晶等.宽动态范围自适应变采样率数据采集系统设计[J].自动化技术与应用,2008,27(1):79-81.
[34]王德海.多采样率系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[35]李枫,黄瑞光.基于变采样率的信号处理[J].无线电工程,2004,34(6):45-47.
[36] Texas Instruments.TMS320C55x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide. June 2003.
[37]柴晓东,袁晓.数字信号抽取与插值不同次序的频域分析[J].通信技术,2009,02(42):317-319.
[38]高晋占.微弱信号检测[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.6.
[39]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[40]张光义.相控阵雷达系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[41]董红柱.基于DSP的测速雷达信号处理系统[D].山东:山东科技大学,2006.
[42]罗倩,王岩飞.雷达微弱目标检测的有效方法[J].计算机工程与设计,2009, 30(21):64-67
[43] Texas Instruments. TMS320C55x DSP Functional Overview. June 2000.
[44]周永辉.连续波雷达发射泄露抑制技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004.
[45]张光义.相控阵雷达系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[46] Analog Devices.AD8655. January 2005.
[47] Analog Devices.AD7687. January 2005.
[48] Texas Instruments. TMS320VC5509 Real-Time Clock (RTC) Reference Guide.June 2004.
[49] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5501/5502/5503/5507/5509/5510 DSP Multichannel Buffered Serial Port (McBSP) Reference Guide. April 2005.
[50] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5503/5507/5509/5510 DSP Direct Memory Access (DMA) Controller Reference Guide. January 2007.
[51] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC55xx DSP Library Programmer’s Reference. August. 2006.
[52] Texas Instruments. TMS320VC5503/5507/5509/5510 DSP Timers Reference Guide. April 2006.
[53] Maxim.μpReset Circuits with Capacitor-Adjustable Reset/Watchdog Timeout Delay.2005.
[54]张家田,刘新英,严正国. DSP的定点溢出处理技术[J].中国科技信息,2008,4:83-85.
[55] Texas Instruments.TMS320C55x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide. June 2003.
[56] Texas Instruments. TMS320C55x DSP Programmer’s Guide. August 2001.
[2]张建海. LD15-1型电波流速仪的比测与应用[J] .水利水文自动化,1997,3:13-17.
[3]陈加德.从“电磁流量计的工作原理”谈起[J].湖南教育,2011,8.
[4]蔡武昌,马中元,翟国芳.电磁流量计[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2004.
[5]张红.电磁流量计在污水处理用的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2008.
[6]董志勇.浅谈超声波流量计的基本原理及类型[J].计量与测试技术,2008,35(10):8-10.
[7]梁国伟,蔡武昌.流量测量技术与仪表[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[8]廖华桥.LFMCM液位测量雷达系统及信号处理研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2006.
[9]何树阳.高精度测频技术研究与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008.
[10]魏钟记,刘峰,汪铭东.数字测频方法及实现[J].电子测量技术,2006,29(4):28-29.
[11]龚克,范春凤,刘百超.零中频接收机及其直流偏移抑制方法[J].周口师范学院学报,2008,3.
[12]李延军.探地雷达干扰抑制及波速估计问题的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2008.
[13] Abujarad, Fawzy, Jostingmeier,et al. Clutter removal for landmine using different signal Processing techniques. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR2004,VOl.2:697-700.
[14] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor. Revised January 2008.
[15]丁鹭飞,耿富录,陈建春.雷达原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[16]丁志良.电波流速仪的原理及应用简介[J].水利水文自动化,1991,2:46-48.
[17]丁志良. LD15—1型电波流速仪[J].气象水文海洋仪器,1994,2:56-60.
[18]丁志良.电波流速仪及其实验[J].水文,1993,4:43-45.
[19]陆伟佳,时霞.浅谈雷达测流技术在美国的发展[J].水利水文自动化,2006,4:43-45.
[20]阮文亭,张勇健.雷达枪(SVR)在山区河流测流用的应用探讨[J].广东水利水电,2009,6(6):51-54.
[21]F.P. Haeni, Marc L. Buursink, John E. Costa, etc. Ground-Penetrating Radar Methods Used In Surface-Water Discharge Measurements. In: David A. Noon, Glen F. stickley, Dennis Longstaff eds. GPR 2000:proceedings of the eighth international conference on ground penetratingradar. Australia:University of Queensland,2000.
[22]袁薇,孙景峰,梵文侠.欠采样与ZFFT在频移检测中的应用[J].电子科技,2010,23(3):65-67.
[23]胡广书.数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[24]徐飞,王延暴.Chirp-z变换在雷达信号处理中的应用[J].现代电子技术,2011,34(9):46-48.
[25]陈祝明,丁义元,向敬成.采用Chirp-z变换提高LFMCW雷达的测距离精度[J].信号处理,2002,18(2):110-112.
[26]薛海中,李鹏,张娟等.基于局部频谱连续细化的高精度频率估计算法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2007,34(1):22-25.
[27]刘进明,应怀樵.FFT谱连续细化分析的富里叶变化法[J].振动工程学报,1995,8(2):163-166.
[28] Emmanuel C.Ifeachor,Barrie W.Jervis.Digital Signal Processing:A Practical Approach(Second Edition) [M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[29]徐培民,杨积东,闻邦椿.邻近频率分量的频谱识别与校正法[J].东北大学学报,2001,22(2):211-214.
[30]马志刚.基于小波分析的车辆噪声特征提取方法研究[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(1):1-2.
[31] Texas Instruments. TMS320C55x Instruction Set Simulator Technical Reference. April 2005.
[32]周翠,王路.多抽样率信号处理理论及其应用研究[J].软件导刊,2007,11:35~37.
[33]陆娜,栾晓明,刘晶等.宽动态范围自适应变采样率数据采集系统设计[J].自动化技术与应用,2008,27(1):79-81.
[34]王德海.多采样率系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[35]李枫,黄瑞光.基于变采样率的信号处理[J].无线电工程,2004,34(6):45-47.
[36] Texas Instruments.TMS320C55x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide. June 2003.
[37]柴晓东,袁晓.数字信号抽取与插值不同次序的频域分析[J].通信技术,2009,02(42):317-319.
[38]高晋占.微弱信号检测[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.6.
[39]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[40]张光义.相控阵雷达系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[41]董红柱.基于DSP的测速雷达信号处理系统[D].山东:山东科技大学,2006.
[42]罗倩,王岩飞.雷达微弱目标检测的有效方法[J].计算机工程与设计,2009, 30(21):64-67
[43] Texas Instruments. TMS320C55x DSP Functional Overview. June 2000.
[44]周永辉.连续波雷达发射泄露抑制技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004.
[45]张光义.相控阵雷达系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[46] Analog Devices.AD8655. January 2005.
[47] Analog Devices.AD7687. January 2005.
[48] Texas Instruments. TMS320VC5509 Real-Time Clock (RTC) Reference Guide.June 2004.
[49] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5501/5502/5503/5507/5509/5510 DSP Multichannel Buffered Serial Port (McBSP) Reference Guide. April 2005.
[50] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC5503/5507/5509/5510 DSP Direct Memory Access (DMA) Controller Reference Guide. January 2007.
[51] Texas Instruments.TMS320VC55xx DSP Library Programmer’s Reference. August. 2006.
[52] Texas Instruments. TMS320VC5503/5507/5509/5510 DSP Timers Reference Guide. April 2006.
[53] Maxim.μpReset Circuits with Capacitor-Adjustable Reset/Watchdog Timeout Delay.2005.
[54]张家田,刘新英,严正国. DSP的定点溢出处理技术[J].中国科技信息,2008,4:83-85.
[55] Texas Instruments.TMS320C55x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide. June 2003.
[56] Texas Instruments. TMS320C55x DSP Programmer’s Guide. August 2001.