冰雹云散雹点定位方法研究
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摘要
冰雹作为强对流天气系统的一种,具有极大的破坏力,对人们的生活和生产都造成严重的影响。目前,对冰雹的研究一般只是在识别与预报方面,而有关防雹消雹工作也主要是依靠经验知识。为此本文在冰雹云识别的基础上对冰雹单体做了研究,并在VC6.0开发环境下,利用MFC窗口框架结构分别就防雹作业和单体三维显示进行了软件开发。本文工作具有较高实用价值。
防雹作业作为本文的核心内容,其主要包括以下几部分内容:
1雷达基数据读取并转换为相应的反射率因子图,并在图上确定冰雹单体所在区域。
2最佳剖线生成,本文提出了两种最佳剖线生成算法,并通过最近邻垂直内插法生成最佳位置的雷达反射率因子剖面图(RCS),为后续穹窿特征提取提供有效的研究对象。
3穹窿特征提取,通过对剖面图信息的分析,挖掘出相应规则实现在最佳剖面的上完成穹窿特征的判断与定位。
4散雹点定位,在有效提取穹窿特征基础上,依靠挖掘出的规则实现散雹点的定位,为人工防雹提供依据。
程序运行结果表明:通过最佳剖线生成的反射率剖面图具有良好的层次性,能客观的反映冰雹单体垂直方向上的内部结构。在此基础上实现的穹窿特征的提取及散雹点的定位也具有较好的效果。
本文的另一项工作是关于冰雹单体的三维可视化,利用OpenGL三维图像处理接口,结合MFC框架结构实现对冰雹单体的三维空间重构。其主要目的是将单体还原到现实时空中模样,让气象人员通过对三维模型的观察提高对气象预报的准确性。
As one of the strong convective weather systems, hail has some serious effects on people’s life and production with a tremendous destructive power. Current researches on Hail usually focus on recognition and forecast part, and the actions for hail suppression are mainly based on experience. Therefore, this paper made some researches about hail monomer on the basis of recognition, and a software development on suppression work and 3D display of monomer by using MFC in VC6.0 development environment. The work has high practical value in the paper.
The research on suppression work, as the core of the paper, is composed by the following parts:
1. Reading the radar base data, and changing into corresponding reflectivity map, then determining the area of the hail monomer.
2. Generating the best cutting line. In the paper, two algorithms of best cutting line were proposed, and then generate the radar reflectivity cross section (RCS) by radial and azimuth neighborhood combined with vertical interpolation. It provided an effective object for subsequent work.
3. Extracting vault. Through the analysis of the information of section, dig out the relevant rules to realize the judge and position of vault based on the best section.
4. Determining scattered hail point. On the basis of extracting effectively vault, rely on some rules to realize determining the scattered hail point, and provide evidence for artificial hail suppression.
The program results showed that the reflectivity section generated by best cutting line had a good hierarchy and it could reflect internal structure of hail monomer at vertical direction. And it also had a better result on extracting vault and determining scattered hail point.
Another work in this paper is about the three-dimension visualization of hail monomer by using the OpenGL three-dimension graphic processor interface with MFC. The purpose of the work is to restore the monomer to the shape in the real space-time to improve the accuracy of weather forecast.
防雹作业作为本文的核心内容,其主要包括以下几部分内容:
1雷达基数据读取并转换为相应的反射率因子图,并在图上确定冰雹单体所在区域。
2最佳剖线生成,本文提出了两种最佳剖线生成算法,并通过最近邻垂直内插法生成最佳位置的雷达反射率因子剖面图(RCS),为后续穹窿特征提取提供有效的研究对象。
3穹窿特征提取,通过对剖面图信息的分析,挖掘出相应规则实现在最佳剖面的上完成穹窿特征的判断与定位。
4散雹点定位,在有效提取穹窿特征基础上,依靠挖掘出的规则实现散雹点的定位,为人工防雹提供依据。
程序运行结果表明:通过最佳剖线生成的反射率剖面图具有良好的层次性,能客观的反映冰雹单体垂直方向上的内部结构。在此基础上实现的穹窿特征的提取及散雹点的定位也具有较好的效果。
本文的另一项工作是关于冰雹单体的三维可视化,利用OpenGL三维图像处理接口,结合MFC框架结构实现对冰雹单体的三维空间重构。其主要目的是将单体还原到现实时空中模样,让气象人员通过对三维模型的观察提高对气象预报的准确性。
As one of the strong convective weather systems, hail has some serious effects on people’s life and production with a tremendous destructive power. Current researches on Hail usually focus on recognition and forecast part, and the actions for hail suppression are mainly based on experience. Therefore, this paper made some researches about hail monomer on the basis of recognition, and a software development on suppression work and 3D display of monomer by using MFC in VC6.0 development environment. The work has high practical value in the paper.
The research on suppression work, as the core of the paper, is composed by the following parts:
1. Reading the radar base data, and changing into corresponding reflectivity map, then determining the area of the hail monomer.
2. Generating the best cutting line. In the paper, two algorithms of best cutting line were proposed, and then generate the radar reflectivity cross section (RCS) by radial and azimuth neighborhood combined with vertical interpolation. It provided an effective object for subsequent work.
3. Extracting vault. Through the analysis of the information of section, dig out the relevant rules to realize the judge and position of vault based on the best section.
4. Determining scattered hail point. On the basis of extracting effectively vault, rely on some rules to realize determining the scattered hail point, and provide evidence for artificial hail suppression.
The program results showed that the reflectivity section generated by best cutting line had a good hierarchy and it could reflect internal structure of hail monomer at vertical direction. And it also had a better result on extracting vault and determining scattered hail point.
Another work in this paper is about the three-dimension visualization of hail monomer by using the OpenGL three-dimension graphic processor interface with MFC. The purpose of the work is to restore the monomer to the shape in the real space-time to improve the accuracy of weather forecast.
引文
[1]辛吉武,许向春,我国的主要气象灾害及防御对策,灾害学,2007.9,22(3):85~89
[2]王文宇,王静爱,基于三种信息源的中国冰雹灾害区域分异研究,地理研究,2011.7,20(3):380~387
[3]龚乃虎,蔡启明,雹云的特征及雷达识别,高原气象,1982,1(2):43~52
[4]黄彦彬,王振会,利用SD型闪电频数识别高原雷雨云何冰云,南京气象学院学报,2001,24(2):124~129
[5]戴铁丕,王振会,赵玲玲,利用天气雷达回波资料识别冰雹云的统计方法,南京气象学院学报,1988,11(2):123~130
[6]李子华,宋乃会,周文贤,由“5.1”雹块微结构推论其生长及条件,南京气象学院学报,1984,7(2):94~100
[7]周非非,肖辉,黄美元等,人工抑制上升气流对冰雹云降水影响的数值试验研究,南京气象学院学报,2005,28(2):153~161
[8]肖辉,吴玉霞,胡朝霞等,旬邑地区冰雹云的早期识别及数值模拟,高原气象,2002,21(2):159~165
[9]何宇翔,肖辉,杜秉玉等,双多普勒雷达反演风暴三维风场的数值试验,南京气象学院学报,2005,28(4):461~467
[10]李薇,金德镇,郑娇恒等,垂直累积液态水含量应用拓展迁徙,南京气象学院学报,2005,28(2):275~280
[11]王萍,董晓凯,贾慧珍,雹云雷达回波反射率图像梯度及形态特征的提取,计算机应用,2007.6
[12] Zhiying Lu, Lei Wang, Hongmin Ma, Qimeng Zhang and Huzhen Jia,“Hailstone Detection Based on Image Mining”Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, Oct. 2008, Vol.4, pp.39~43
[13]刘维成,杨晓军,史志娟等,一次超级单体风暴的雷达回波特征分析,干旱气象,2009.12,27(4)
[14] Montanya J,Soula S, Pineda N,et al,“Study of the total lightning activity in a hailstorm”, Atmospheric Research, Feb.2009,Vol.91, No.2-4, pp.430~437
[15]胡家美,刘峰,黄奕铭等,冰雹和低空风切变天气的多普勒雷达回波特征.广东气象,2008.2,30(1)
[16]肖艳姣,刘黎平.三维雷达反射率资料用于层状云和对流云的识别研究,大气科学,2007,31(4):645~654
[17]Biggerstaff M I,Listemaa S A,An improved scheme for convective/stratiform echo classification using radar reflectivity.J Appl Meteor,2000,39:2129-2150
[18]Steiner M,Houze Jr R A,Yuter S E,Climatological characterization of three-dimensional storm structure from operational radar and rain gauge data,J Appl Meteor,1995,34:1978~2007
[19]廖玉芳,俞小鼎,郭庆.一次强对漉系列风暴个例的多普勒天气雷达资料分析.应用气象学报,2003,14(6):656~662
[20]朱君鉴,刁秀广,黄秀韶,一次冰雹风暴的CINRAD/SA产品分析.应用气象学报,2004,15(5):579~589
[21]郑嫒嫒,俞小鼎,方种,等.一次典型超级单体风暴的多普勒天气雷达观测分析.气象学报,2004,62(3):317~328
[22]Bluestein H B,Weiss C C,Pazmany A L,The vertical structure of a Tornado near Happy,Texas,on 5 May 2002:High-resolution,mobile,W-band,Doppler radar observations.Mon WeaRev,2004,132:2325~2337
[23]张家国,吴翠红,王珏等,一次冷锋大暴雨过程的多普勒雷达观测分析.应用气象学报,2006,17(2):224~231
[24]何彩芬,姚秀萍.胡春蕾,等.一次台风前部龙卷的多普勒天气雷达分析.应用气象学报,2006,17(3):370~376
[25]渠永兴,孙旭映,冀兰芝,等.甘肃省永登地区一次强单体冰雹过程分析.干旱气象,2005,23(3):34~38
[26]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用,北京:气象出版社,2006.1
[27]肖艳姣,刘黎平.新一代天气雷达网资料的三维格点化及拼图方法研究.气象学报,2006,64(5):647~657
[28]肖艳姣,刘黎平,李中华.任意基线雷达反射率因子垂直剖面生成算法.应用气象学报,2008.8,19(4):428~433
[29]BROWNING K A,LUDILAM F H,MACKLIN W C,The density and structure of hailstones,Quart J Roy Meteor Sor,1962,88:117~135
[30]孙瑞,郑芬,黎淋,春季一次典型强对流单体降雹雷达产品特征分析,云南地理环境研究.2009.8,21(4)
[31]石教英,蔡文立,科学计算可视化算法与系统,北京:科学出版社,1996
[32]唐泽圣,三维数据场可视化,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[33]皮学贤,蔡勋,宋君强,气象可视化原型系统的设计与实现,计算机工程与科学,2001,1
[34]李妍,黄峰,沙文钮,基于气象要素标量场对象的可视化及其应用,气象科学,2001,1:15~22
[35]吴铁健.基于Web的气象可视化系统研究与实现:[硕士学位论文],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2002
[36]吴铁健,张为民,蔡勋,用Java构建的基于Web的气象可视化系统.计算机工程,2002, 12,223~333
[37]王洪庆,张焱,郑永光.气象信息科学视算环境及其若干问题.气象学报,2004,5,86~91
[38]李培军,张维峰,郭洪涛.气象资料三维化技术中的插值问题,气象科学,2005,6,160~170
[39]魏六锋.气象信息存储管理和显示分析系统的研究和设计:[硕士学位论文],重庆:重庆大学,2006
[40]张晰莹,跨世纪的新一代气象业务现代化工程──气象卫星综合应用业务系统(9210工程),黑龙江气象,1996,4,72~85
[41]向卫国基于OpenGL的气象可视化系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],成都,电子科技大学,2005
[42]沈震宇,范茵,陶俐君等.可视化技术在气象数据场分析中的运用,系统仿真学报,2006,18(1):291~302
[43]钱跃锋,范茵,刘捷等.数值预报产品的多维立体显示系统的开发,气象水文装备,2006,4,12~17
[2]王文宇,王静爱,基于三种信息源的中国冰雹灾害区域分异研究,地理研究,2011.7,20(3):380~387
[3]龚乃虎,蔡启明,雹云的特征及雷达识别,高原气象,1982,1(2):43~52
[4]黄彦彬,王振会,利用SD型闪电频数识别高原雷雨云何冰云,南京气象学院学报,2001,24(2):124~129
[5]戴铁丕,王振会,赵玲玲,利用天气雷达回波资料识别冰雹云的统计方法,南京气象学院学报,1988,11(2):123~130
[6]李子华,宋乃会,周文贤,由“5.1”雹块微结构推论其生长及条件,南京气象学院学报,1984,7(2):94~100
[7]周非非,肖辉,黄美元等,人工抑制上升气流对冰雹云降水影响的数值试验研究,南京气象学院学报,2005,28(2):153~161
[8]肖辉,吴玉霞,胡朝霞等,旬邑地区冰雹云的早期识别及数值模拟,高原气象,2002,21(2):159~165
[9]何宇翔,肖辉,杜秉玉等,双多普勒雷达反演风暴三维风场的数值试验,南京气象学院学报,2005,28(4):461~467
[10]李薇,金德镇,郑娇恒等,垂直累积液态水含量应用拓展迁徙,南京气象学院学报,2005,28(2):275~280
[11]王萍,董晓凯,贾慧珍,雹云雷达回波反射率图像梯度及形态特征的提取,计算机应用,2007.6
[12] Zhiying Lu, Lei Wang, Hongmin Ma, Qimeng Zhang and Huzhen Jia,“Hailstone Detection Based on Image Mining”Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, Oct. 2008, Vol.4, pp.39~43
[13]刘维成,杨晓军,史志娟等,一次超级单体风暴的雷达回波特征分析,干旱气象,2009.12,27(4)
[14] Montanya J,Soula S, Pineda N,et al,“Study of the total lightning activity in a hailstorm”, Atmospheric Research, Feb.2009,Vol.91, No.2-4, pp.430~437
[15]胡家美,刘峰,黄奕铭等,冰雹和低空风切变天气的多普勒雷达回波特征.广东气象,2008.2,30(1)
[16]肖艳姣,刘黎平.三维雷达反射率资料用于层状云和对流云的识别研究,大气科学,2007,31(4):645~654
[17]Biggerstaff M I,Listemaa S A,An improved scheme for convective/stratiform echo classification using radar reflectivity.J Appl Meteor,2000,39:2129-2150
[18]Steiner M,Houze Jr R A,Yuter S E,Climatological characterization of three-dimensional storm structure from operational radar and rain gauge data,J Appl Meteor,1995,34:1978~2007
[19]廖玉芳,俞小鼎,郭庆.一次强对漉系列风暴个例的多普勒天气雷达资料分析.应用气象学报,2003,14(6):656~662
[20]朱君鉴,刁秀广,黄秀韶,一次冰雹风暴的CINRAD/SA产品分析.应用气象学报,2004,15(5):579~589
[21]郑嫒嫒,俞小鼎,方种,等.一次典型超级单体风暴的多普勒天气雷达观测分析.气象学报,2004,62(3):317~328
[22]Bluestein H B,Weiss C C,Pazmany A L,The vertical structure of a Tornado near Happy,Texas,on 5 May 2002:High-resolution,mobile,W-band,Doppler radar observations.Mon WeaRev,2004,132:2325~2337
[23]张家国,吴翠红,王珏等,一次冷锋大暴雨过程的多普勒雷达观测分析.应用气象学报,2006,17(2):224~231
[24]何彩芬,姚秀萍.胡春蕾,等.一次台风前部龙卷的多普勒天气雷达分析.应用气象学报,2006,17(3):370~376
[25]渠永兴,孙旭映,冀兰芝,等.甘肃省永登地区一次强单体冰雹过程分析.干旱气象,2005,23(3):34~38
[26]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用,北京:气象出版社,2006.1
[27]肖艳姣,刘黎平.新一代天气雷达网资料的三维格点化及拼图方法研究.气象学报,2006,64(5):647~657
[28]肖艳姣,刘黎平,李中华.任意基线雷达反射率因子垂直剖面生成算法.应用气象学报,2008.8,19(4):428~433
[29]BROWNING K A,LUDILAM F H,MACKLIN W C,The density and structure of hailstones,Quart J Roy Meteor Sor,1962,88:117~135
[30]孙瑞,郑芬,黎淋,春季一次典型强对流单体降雹雷达产品特征分析,云南地理环境研究.2009.8,21(4)
[31]石教英,蔡文立,科学计算可视化算法与系统,北京:科学出版社,1996
[32]唐泽圣,三维数据场可视化,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[33]皮学贤,蔡勋,宋君强,气象可视化原型系统的设计与实现,计算机工程与科学,2001,1
[34]李妍,黄峰,沙文钮,基于气象要素标量场对象的可视化及其应用,气象科学,2001,1:15~22
[35]吴铁健.基于Web的气象可视化系统研究与实现:[硕士学位论文],长沙:国防科学技术大学,2002
[36]吴铁健,张为民,蔡勋,用Java构建的基于Web的气象可视化系统.计算机工程,2002, 12,223~333
[37]王洪庆,张焱,郑永光.气象信息科学视算环境及其若干问题.气象学报,2004,5,86~91
[38]李培军,张维峰,郭洪涛.气象资料三维化技术中的插值问题,气象科学,2005,6,160~170
[39]魏六锋.气象信息存储管理和显示分析系统的研究和设计:[硕士学位论文],重庆:重庆大学,2006
[40]张晰莹,跨世纪的新一代气象业务现代化工程──气象卫星综合应用业务系统(9210工程),黑龙江气象,1996,4,72~85
[41]向卫国基于OpenGL的气象可视化系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文],成都,电子科技大学,2005
[42]沈震宇,范茵,陶俐君等.可视化技术在气象数据场分析中的运用,系统仿真学报,2006,18(1):291~302
[43]钱跃锋,范茵,刘捷等.数值预报产品的多维立体显示系统的开发,气象水文装备,2006,4,12~17