雷电全时空监测系统在超高压电网应用中的关键技术研究
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摘要
超高压输电线路输送容量大、分布广且常作为地区电网的主干线路,其安全可靠的运行对实现“西电东送,南北互供,全国联网”的电力发展战略尤为重要,研究表明,雷击目前仍是威胁输电线路正常运行的主要因素,特别是超高压输电线路,雷击跳闸率常年位于各类跳闸率首位,虽然国内外学者已对超高压输电线路雷电防护问题进行了多年研究,但输电线路雷害事故仍居高不下。
本文针对目前超高压输电线路雷害严重的问题,采用雷电监测系统、多普勒天气雷达、电力系统过电压在线监测系统等设备,在分析研究雷电活动参数和规律的基础上,结合输电线路反击和绕击耐雷性能计算的规程原理,基于最优化、人工神经网络等数学方法,搭建了一个较为完整的超高压输电线路雷电全时空监测防护系统,并针对雷电全时空监测防护系统中涉及到的关键问题,开展了雷击前的超高压输电线路走廊优化选择、雷暴中的超高压输电线路雷电预警及雷击后的雷电过电压识别等研究。
在雷电活动参数统计方面,以重庆市为例,使用雷电定位数据,基于经典的网格统计方法,分析研究了与输电线路防雷紧密相关的主要雷电参数,如雷电日、地闪密度、雷电流幅值累计概率分布等;在雷电规律研究方面,使用了变异系数法和Allan因子对地闪发生间的关联性进行了研究。重庆市雷电活动参数区域差异性较为显著,地闪呈现出了较为明显的关联性特征。
使用网格化后的雷电参数改进了传统规程法中输电线路耐雷性能评估中的相关计算方法,使之更加适应于采用实际雷电定位数据进行输电线路耐雷水平评估的要求,建立起了使用雷电定位数据的超高压输电线路耐雷性能评估模型,研究得知该模型与规程法中相关计算方法保持了高度的一致。
运用最优化和图论中Dijkstra优化理论,提出了超高压输电线路走廊选择的优化设计算法,该算法从线路期望雷击跳闸数最小这一方面进行了考虑,能较为快捷、准确地找到从输电线路起点到终点的最短线路路径,以重庆电网某超高压输电线路为例,证实了该模型在输电线路走廊优化选择的可行性和较传统人工选线的优越性,并对实现输电线路的差异化防雷设计奠定了基础。
使用多普勒天气雷达,在分析研究目前各类雷云识别、跟踪和预测算法的优劣的基础上,针对雷云可能出现的非线性运动情况,利用BP神经网络对SCIT算法中单纯使用线性外推法预测雷云运动进行了改进,使得其更适应于雷云的非线性运动的情况,并借鉴超高压输电线路耐雷评估模型,结合重庆市内雷电活动实际统计参数,构建了超高压输电线路的雷电预警模型,该模型在重庆电网某条超高压输电线路模拟运行预警实验中,取得了较好的效果。
在对几种不同类型的雷电过电压进行分析研究的基础上,采用希尔伯特-黄(HHT)算法作为信号分析计算方法,提出了6种过电压识别特征量,并采用这些特征量,基于支撑向量机(SVM)方法,对雷电过电压进行识别,提出了雷电过电压HHT-SVM识别方法,经过大量实例数据验证,该模型能够达到92.8%的识别准确度,具有较高的应用价值。
另外,本文研究的超高压输电线路雷电全时空监护防护系统及涉及到的关键技术具有普遍适用性,可方便地应用于各个省市的电网安全运行保障体系中。
The EHV transmission lines with a large transmission capacity and wide distributions often play as a branch line of local electrical network, so their safety and reliability are especially important to realize the electric power development strategy of“West-to-East Power Transmission, North-to-South Power Exchange and Nationwide Interconnection". The research indicated that, at present, the lightning stroke is still the primary factor that threatens the transmission line’s normal operation, especially for the EHV transmission lines. The trip-out rate caused by lightning stroke has been at the top of each kind of trip-out rate during a normal year. Although the domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of researches on the lightning protection of EHV transmission lines, the lightning accidents still stay at a high level.
In this paper, aiming at the present problem of serious lightning accidents and using various equipments of lightning monitoring system, Doppler weather radar and on-line monitoring system of power system overvoltage, the key problem of lightning protection in the construction and operation process of EHV transmission lines has been investigated applying some mathematical method such as optimization and artificial neutral network, on the basis of the analysis of parameters and discipline of lightning activities, combining the regulation methods in lightning performance calculation of back-flashover and shielding failure, and a more full time-space monitoring and protection system has been set up, which has taken lightning protection estimation, design, early-warning operation and recognition after stroke into consideration.
In the aspect for the parameter statistics of lightning activities, taking Chongqing as an example, using data of Lighting Location System, which based on classic grid statistical methods, analyzing the main parameter statistics of lightning activity which closely related to the power transmission lines such as lightning day, ground flash density, cumulative probability distribution of lightning current amplitude. In the aspect for the research of lightning law, using coefficient of variation and Allan factor to investigate the relevance of ground flash occurrence .The differences of parameter region of lightning activity are more significant in Chongqing, ground flash appears more significant feature of relevance.
Lightning parameter after gridding has improved correlation calculation method of lightning withstand performance estimation of the transmission lines in traditional regulations, which make it more adapted to the estimation demand adopting realistic lightning location data. An estimation model about lightning withstand performance of EHV transmission line has been established using lightning location data, which is demonstrated here that the calculation method in both this model and regulations keep a high degree of consistent.
Applying Dijkstra optimization theory in optimization technique and graph theory, an optimal design algorithm of EHV transmission line corridor selection has been proposed. This algorithm has taken minimizing line’s trip-out numbers into consideration, which is able to find the shortest path fast and accurately from origin to terminal point of transmission lines. For example, an EHV transmission line in Chongqing, has demonstrated the feasibility of this model in transmission line’s optimal selection and the advantages of traditional artificial line’s selection.
Applying Doppler weather radar, the linear extrapolated method in SCIT algorithm to predict thunderclouds’motion has been improved using BP neutral network, on the basis of researches on various thundercloud’s recognition, tracing and advantages and disadvantages of prediction algorithm, aiming at the thunderclouds’possible nonlinear motion, which makes it more adapted to nonlinear motion of thunderclouds, a lightning early-warning model of EHV transmission line has been established using lightning withstand performance estimation model of EHV transmission line for reference, and combining the statistical parameters of lightning activities, which obtains a better result in the simulation experiments of one EHV transmission line.
On the basis of analysis and researches on different kind of lightning overvoltage, six overvoltage recognition characteristic quantities have been proposed using Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) as the signal analysis and calculation method, and present lightning overvoltage HHT-SVM recognition method to distinguish overvoltage using these characteristic quantities based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. This model can reach accuracy degree of 92.8% after amounts of instance data verification, and has a high value of application.
Besides, due to the general applicability of space-time lightning monitoring system and models, it is convenient to apply such system and models into the running safeguard system in different power grids.
本文针对目前超高压输电线路雷害严重的问题,采用雷电监测系统、多普勒天气雷达、电力系统过电压在线监测系统等设备,在分析研究雷电活动参数和规律的基础上,结合输电线路反击和绕击耐雷性能计算的规程原理,基于最优化、人工神经网络等数学方法,搭建了一个较为完整的超高压输电线路雷电全时空监测防护系统,并针对雷电全时空监测防护系统中涉及到的关键问题,开展了雷击前的超高压输电线路走廊优化选择、雷暴中的超高压输电线路雷电预警及雷击后的雷电过电压识别等研究。
在雷电活动参数统计方面,以重庆市为例,使用雷电定位数据,基于经典的网格统计方法,分析研究了与输电线路防雷紧密相关的主要雷电参数,如雷电日、地闪密度、雷电流幅值累计概率分布等;在雷电规律研究方面,使用了变异系数法和Allan因子对地闪发生间的关联性进行了研究。重庆市雷电活动参数区域差异性较为显著,地闪呈现出了较为明显的关联性特征。
使用网格化后的雷电参数改进了传统规程法中输电线路耐雷性能评估中的相关计算方法,使之更加适应于采用实际雷电定位数据进行输电线路耐雷水平评估的要求,建立起了使用雷电定位数据的超高压输电线路耐雷性能评估模型,研究得知该模型与规程法中相关计算方法保持了高度的一致。
运用最优化和图论中Dijkstra优化理论,提出了超高压输电线路走廊选择的优化设计算法,该算法从线路期望雷击跳闸数最小这一方面进行了考虑,能较为快捷、准确地找到从输电线路起点到终点的最短线路路径,以重庆电网某超高压输电线路为例,证实了该模型在输电线路走廊优化选择的可行性和较传统人工选线的优越性,并对实现输电线路的差异化防雷设计奠定了基础。
使用多普勒天气雷达,在分析研究目前各类雷云识别、跟踪和预测算法的优劣的基础上,针对雷云可能出现的非线性运动情况,利用BP神经网络对SCIT算法中单纯使用线性外推法预测雷云运动进行了改进,使得其更适应于雷云的非线性运动的情况,并借鉴超高压输电线路耐雷评估模型,结合重庆市内雷电活动实际统计参数,构建了超高压输电线路的雷电预警模型,该模型在重庆电网某条超高压输电线路模拟运行预警实验中,取得了较好的效果。
在对几种不同类型的雷电过电压进行分析研究的基础上,采用希尔伯特-黄(HHT)算法作为信号分析计算方法,提出了6种过电压识别特征量,并采用这些特征量,基于支撑向量机(SVM)方法,对雷电过电压进行识别,提出了雷电过电压HHT-SVM识别方法,经过大量实例数据验证,该模型能够达到92.8%的识别准确度,具有较高的应用价值。
另外,本文研究的超高压输电线路雷电全时空监护防护系统及涉及到的关键技术具有普遍适用性,可方便地应用于各个省市的电网安全运行保障体系中。
The EHV transmission lines with a large transmission capacity and wide distributions often play as a branch line of local electrical network, so their safety and reliability are especially important to realize the electric power development strategy of“West-to-East Power Transmission, North-to-South Power Exchange and Nationwide Interconnection". The research indicated that, at present, the lightning stroke is still the primary factor that threatens the transmission line’s normal operation, especially for the EHV transmission lines. The trip-out rate caused by lightning stroke has been at the top of each kind of trip-out rate during a normal year. Although the domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of researches on the lightning protection of EHV transmission lines, the lightning accidents still stay at a high level.
In this paper, aiming at the present problem of serious lightning accidents and using various equipments of lightning monitoring system, Doppler weather radar and on-line monitoring system of power system overvoltage, the key problem of lightning protection in the construction and operation process of EHV transmission lines has been investigated applying some mathematical method such as optimization and artificial neutral network, on the basis of the analysis of parameters and discipline of lightning activities, combining the regulation methods in lightning performance calculation of back-flashover and shielding failure, and a more full time-space monitoring and protection system has been set up, which has taken lightning protection estimation, design, early-warning operation and recognition after stroke into consideration.
In the aspect for the parameter statistics of lightning activities, taking Chongqing as an example, using data of Lighting Location System, which based on classic grid statistical methods, analyzing the main parameter statistics of lightning activity which closely related to the power transmission lines such as lightning day, ground flash density, cumulative probability distribution of lightning current amplitude. In the aspect for the research of lightning law, using coefficient of variation and Allan factor to investigate the relevance of ground flash occurrence .The differences of parameter region of lightning activity are more significant in Chongqing, ground flash appears more significant feature of relevance.
Lightning parameter after gridding has improved correlation calculation method of lightning withstand performance estimation of the transmission lines in traditional regulations, which make it more adapted to the estimation demand adopting realistic lightning location data. An estimation model about lightning withstand performance of EHV transmission line has been established using lightning location data, which is demonstrated here that the calculation method in both this model and regulations keep a high degree of consistent.
Applying Dijkstra optimization theory in optimization technique and graph theory, an optimal design algorithm of EHV transmission line corridor selection has been proposed. This algorithm has taken minimizing line’s trip-out numbers into consideration, which is able to find the shortest path fast and accurately from origin to terminal point of transmission lines. For example, an EHV transmission line in Chongqing, has demonstrated the feasibility of this model in transmission line’s optimal selection and the advantages of traditional artificial line’s selection.
Applying Doppler weather radar, the linear extrapolated method in SCIT algorithm to predict thunderclouds’motion has been improved using BP neutral network, on the basis of researches on various thundercloud’s recognition, tracing and advantages and disadvantages of prediction algorithm, aiming at the thunderclouds’possible nonlinear motion, which makes it more adapted to nonlinear motion of thunderclouds, a lightning early-warning model of EHV transmission line has been established using lightning withstand performance estimation model of EHV transmission line for reference, and combining the statistical parameters of lightning activities, which obtains a better result in the simulation experiments of one EHV transmission line.
On the basis of analysis and researches on different kind of lightning overvoltage, six overvoltage recognition characteristic quantities have been proposed using Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) as the signal analysis and calculation method, and present lightning overvoltage HHT-SVM recognition method to distinguish overvoltage using these characteristic quantities based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. This model can reach accuracy degree of 92.8% after amounts of instance data verification, and has a high value of application.
Besides, due to the general applicability of space-time lightning monitoring system and models, it is convenient to apply such system and models into the running safeguard system in different power grids.
引文
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