智能建筑的雷击影响分析与防雷系统工程关键问题的研究
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摘要
近年来,智能建筑方兴未艾,在其内部密集着的众多电子设备和各种计算机系统,雷电是其主要干扰源之一,由雷灾引发的各种灾害和事故呈现上升的趋势。如何对建筑物进行安全有效的防护,降低雷电的危害程度和雷灾损失,一直是国内外研究学者和工程技术人员共同关注的重大问题。
智能建筑的雷电防护问题是一项将高压强电与低压弱电相结合的多学科汇集、又十分复杂的系统工程。目前,国内外在雷电理论研究及计算方法上还不完善,也没有十分有效的防护措施;我国现行的防雷规范、规程也存有不足之处,不能完全满足设计和运行的要求;行业内现在使用的各种电气工程软件,也仅限于采用滚球法或折线法计算避雷针的保护范围。而避雷针的引雷作用不但不能有效地对建筑物进行保护,反而给智能建筑内的各种电子设备带来更大的危害,因此这类计算软件不适宜对智能建筑防雷保护的计算和分析。
针对目前该领域存在的问题,本文主要作了以下几方面的工作:
(1)研究现代建筑物雷灾的特点及防雷技术的发展趋势,对雷电波侵入建筑物的形式及其所造成的危害进行分析。
(2)研究雷电流在建筑物金属构架中的分布,在此基础上从场的角度对建筑物内雷电电磁场的分布进行计算和分析,并与前人的结果进行比较。
(3)开发了雷击建筑物暂态响应数值计算软件,利用这一工程化计算软件,可对雷击建筑物与构筑物钢筋柱网内形成的电流、电位和室内电磁场强度分布进行定量分析。并通过在实际工程中的应用,取得一些具有实际意义的结论。
(4)提出了针对智能建筑及其内部的电子设备防雷保护的方案和措施。重点研究如何利用屏蔽、均压及接地等保护措施对建筑物自身及其内部电子设备进行防护。
本项目的研究成果可为智能建筑防雷工程的设计、对敏感设备正确的布位、对雷击事故的分析提供有效的辅助分析软件和设计手段,具有一定的实际应用价值,能够带来较高的社会效益和经济效益。
In recent years, the intelligent buildings are in the ascendant, there are multitudinous electronic installations and different kinds of computer systems crowded in them, lightning is one of the primary disturbing source, all kinds of disasters and accidents touched by lightning stroke are going up. How to provide effectively safty protection to the building, reduce the lightning harm degree and loses of lightning disaster, is always the vital problem which the domestic and foreign research scholar and the engineering technicians pay attention together.
The lightning protection of the intelligent building is the multi-disciplinary collections which unifies the high voltage and the low voltage, also is an extremely complex systems engineering. At present, domestic and foreign is imperfect in the lightning fundamental research and the computational method, there is not extremely effective protective measure either. The standard and regulations for lightning in force also have deficiencies can’t satisfy the requests of design and founction completely. All kinds of electrical engineering softwares about lightning protective design used in the profession now, is only restricted in useing the rolling ball method or the broken-line method to calculate the protective extent of lightning rod. But the directed lightning function of the lightning rod can’t provide effective protection to the building, on the contrary, it will bring badly harm to the electronic installations which were placed in the intelligent building. So this kind of computation software is not suitable for the computation and analysis in the intelligent building.
In view of exist questions in this domain at present, this article has mainly done the following several aspect works:
(1)Research the modern lightning disasters’s characteristics and the lightning protective technology’s developing trend of the building, also analyse invasive form of the lightning surge and the harm caused by it.
(2)Research the distribution of the lightning current in the building’s metal structure, after that calculate and analyse the lightning electromagnetic field distribution in the building from the field angle, also check the results against the predecessor's result.
(3)Developed the calculate software about transient response in a building by lightning stroke. Make use of this project calculate software can carry on quantitative analysis,including the current and potential that were formed in the metal structures and the electromagnetism field intensity distribution in the building. And through in the actual project application, obtains some practical significative conclusions.
(4)Propose the whole lightning protection plan and measures to the intelligent building. Especially aims at the lightning protection of those electronic installations in the building. How to use the shielding technology, the equipotential mesure and the
智能建筑的雷电防护问题是一项将高压强电与低压弱电相结合的多学科汇集、又十分复杂的系统工程。目前,国内外在雷电理论研究及计算方法上还不完善,也没有十分有效的防护措施;我国现行的防雷规范、规程也存有不足之处,不能完全满足设计和运行的要求;行业内现在使用的各种电气工程软件,也仅限于采用滚球法或折线法计算避雷针的保护范围。而避雷针的引雷作用不但不能有效地对建筑物进行保护,反而给智能建筑内的各种电子设备带来更大的危害,因此这类计算软件不适宜对智能建筑防雷保护的计算和分析。
针对目前该领域存在的问题,本文主要作了以下几方面的工作:
(1)研究现代建筑物雷灾的特点及防雷技术的发展趋势,对雷电波侵入建筑物的形式及其所造成的危害进行分析。
(2)研究雷电流在建筑物金属构架中的分布,在此基础上从场的角度对建筑物内雷电电磁场的分布进行计算和分析,并与前人的结果进行比较。
(3)开发了雷击建筑物暂态响应数值计算软件,利用这一工程化计算软件,可对雷击建筑物与构筑物钢筋柱网内形成的电流、电位和室内电磁场强度分布进行定量分析。并通过在实际工程中的应用,取得一些具有实际意义的结论。
(4)提出了针对智能建筑及其内部的电子设备防雷保护的方案和措施。重点研究如何利用屏蔽、均压及接地等保护措施对建筑物自身及其内部电子设备进行防护。
本项目的研究成果可为智能建筑防雷工程的设计、对敏感设备正确的布位、对雷击事故的分析提供有效的辅助分析软件和设计手段,具有一定的实际应用价值,能够带来较高的社会效益和经济效益。
In recent years, the intelligent buildings are in the ascendant, there are multitudinous electronic installations and different kinds of computer systems crowded in them, lightning is one of the primary disturbing source, all kinds of disasters and accidents touched by lightning stroke are going up. How to provide effectively safty protection to the building, reduce the lightning harm degree and loses of lightning disaster, is always the vital problem which the domestic and foreign research scholar and the engineering technicians pay attention together.
The lightning protection of the intelligent building is the multi-disciplinary collections which unifies the high voltage and the low voltage, also is an extremely complex systems engineering. At present, domestic and foreign is imperfect in the lightning fundamental research and the computational method, there is not extremely effective protective measure either. The standard and regulations for lightning in force also have deficiencies can’t satisfy the requests of design and founction completely. All kinds of electrical engineering softwares about lightning protective design used in the profession now, is only restricted in useing the rolling ball method or the broken-line method to calculate the protective extent of lightning rod. But the directed lightning function of the lightning rod can’t provide effective protection to the building, on the contrary, it will bring badly harm to the electronic installations which were placed in the intelligent building. So this kind of computation software is not suitable for the computation and analysis in the intelligent building.
In view of exist questions in this domain at present, this article has mainly done the following several aspect works:
(1)Research the modern lightning disasters’s characteristics and the lightning protective technology’s developing trend of the building, also analyse invasive form of the lightning surge and the harm caused by it.
(2)Research the distribution of the lightning current in the building’s metal structure, after that calculate and analyse the lightning electromagnetic field distribution in the building from the field angle, also check the results against the predecessor's result.
(3)Developed the calculate software about transient response in a building by lightning stroke. Make use of this project calculate software can carry on quantitative analysis,including the current and potential that were formed in the metal structures and the electromagnetism field intensity distribution in the building. And through in the actual project application, obtains some practical significative conclusions.
(4)Propose the whole lightning protection plan and measures to the intelligent building. Especially aims at the lightning protection of those electronic installations in the building. How to use the shielding technology, the equipotential mesure and the
引文
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[3]HIROMITSU TANIGUCHI,“Study Concerning Production of capacitances in the transformer model”,electrical engineering in Jappan,2000,130(4):66～86
[4]P.Durai Kannu,M.Joy Thomas,“Influence of lightning electric field components on the induced voltages on a power distribution line”, Electric Power Systems Research,2003,64(3):247～255
[5]Flisowski Z.,Mazzetti C.,Wlodek,R.,“New approach to the selection of measures for lightning protection of structures containing sensitive equipment”,Journal of Electrostatics,vol.60,no.2,287～295, March, 2004
[6]马宏达,建筑物防雷的变与不变,建筑电气,2002,21(2):26～28
[7]A. Orlandi, C. Mazzetti, Z. Flisowsk, and M. Yarmarkin, “Systematic approach for the analysis of the electromagnetic environment inside a building during lightning strike,” IEEE Trans. Electomagn.Compat, vol.28, no.4, 521-535, nov.1998.
[8]M.K?nig and H. Steinbigler,“Magnetic field distribution inside a grid–like spatial in case of a direct lightning strike,”in Proc. Int. Conf. Lightning Protection, Birmingham, U.K.,1998, pp264～269.
[9]Jun KATO,Hidehiro KAWANO,Tetsuya TOMINAGA,“Investigation of lightning surge current induced in reinforced concrete buildings by direct strikes”, IEEE Trans. Electomagn.Compat.pp1009～1014, 2001
[10]Y.Du, Shuiming Chen, John Burnett, “Experimental and numerical evaluation of surge current distribution in building during a direct lightning stroke”, Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, vol.8, no.1, 1-6,April, 2001
[11]C. Buccella, “Calculation of current distribution in a lightning stroked metal structure considering the nonlinear ground impedance”, Industry Applications Conference, 2001. 36th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, vol.4, 2001, pp. 2703-2708
[12]V.A.Rakov, M.A.Uman, M.I.Fernandez, “Direct Lightning Strikes to the Lightning Protective System of a Residential Building: Triggered-Lightning Experiments”, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol.17, No.2, April 2002, 575-584
[13]Ibrahim A. Metwally, Wolfgang J. Zischank, and Fridolin H. Heidler , “Measurement of Magnetic Fields Inside Single-and Double-layer Reinforced Concrete Buildings During Simulated Lightning Current,” IEEE, Trans. Electomagn. Compat., vol.46,no.2,pp208～221.,nov.2004.
[14]Lee,Bok-Hee,Eom,Ju-Hong,“Characteristics of the radiation field waveforms produced by lightning return strokes” ,Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,Part 1:Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers,vol.43,no.7,4379～4385,July 2004
[15] Chia,Darwin Kok Lian,Liew,“Analysis of effect of resistive lightning protection terminal on lightning return strike current”, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, vol.20, no.3,2307～2314, July,2005.
[16]Jae-Kwan Kim, Chae-Kyun Jung, Jonf-Beom Lee, et al.“A study on the lightning surge protection methods on transmission system and substation” In: Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, C vol.54, no. 6:279～85 June 2005
[17]刘荣,雷击建筑物附近时室内电磁场分析,[硕士学位论文],北京;清华大学,2001
[18]王庆,雷击建筑物时室内磁场分布影响因素的研究,[硕士学位论文],上海;上海交通大学,2001
[19]和伟,雷电对通信电源线的影响及通信局站的过电压保护的研究,[博士学位论文],北京邮电大学,2000
[20]丁美新,群体建筑物的雷电屏蔽特性研究,[博士学位论文],上海;上海交通大学,2003
[21]文武,感应雷电磁干扰及其防护研究,[博士学位论文],武汉;武汉大学,2004
[22]张波,变电站接地网频域电磁场数值计算方法研究及其应用,博士学位论文,华北电力大学,2003
[23]林福昌,姚宗干,蒋政龙,雷击建筑物时电流分布的计算,高电压技术,1998,24(1):56～61
[24]冯雷,周佩白,高层建筑受雷击的数值模型,高压电器,2000,36(6):3～7
[25]张小青,陈水明,直接雷击时高层建筑物内暂态电磁场的计算,中国电机工程学报,2001,21(1):40～43
[26]戴传友,雷击金属结构物时构架电流分布的计算方法,建筑电气,2001,20(4):40～43
[27]戴传友,陈慈萱,雷击金属结构物时近区磁场的计算方法,高电压技术,2001,27(3):27～30
[28]李清泉,袁鹏,李彦明,雷击建筑物时的雷电流分布研究,中国电力,2002,35(7):52～55
[29]王庆,杜亚平,雷电流波形对雷击建筑物时室内磁场分布的影响,高电压技术,2001,27(1):7～9
[30]J. Martinez, “How to Adapt The EMTP, for Classroom Instruction,’’ IEEE,Trans. On Power Systems, vol. 7, no.1, pp.351-359, febr. 1992.
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