雷击条件下变电站内电磁环境的计算机仿真与研究
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摘要
本文主要以VC++为工具，对雷击条件下变电站内电磁环境进行计算机仿真与研究。内容包括变电站建筑物钢筋结构的电容和电感计算、雷电流在导体的分布计算、室内空间磁场分布的计算以及室内电子设备综合防护等四个部分。
在变电站建筑物钢筋结构的电容计算中首先用平均电位矩阵法，然后对电位矩阵求逆，从而求出自电容和互电容；而求电感是从诺依曼的电感定义式(Neumann’s formula)出发对建筑物钢筋结构进行积分求解。
在计算钢筋结构体的电流分布时，电路的结构采用等值的π型耦合电路，并采用常值参数模型计算电流分布。对电容和电感进行离散化处理，列出节点电压方程。得出的结论与有关文献进行了对比。
在求得电流分布的基础上推导得到空间磁感应强度的表达式。分别从路和场两个方面进行求解。
对变电站室内电子设备提出了综合防护方案，即均压、接地、屏蔽和泄流。对每种方案作了较为详细的分析。对进入室内的电源线提出一种含压敏电阻的低通滤波器的保护电路；对进入室内的信号线给出一种含有放电管和雪崩二极管组成的二极保护基本电路。
We apply VC++ to research and simulation of magnetic field during a building struck by lightning in a substation. In this dissertation there are four parts. They are the computation of the capacitance and inductance parameters in a reinforced concrete structure, the computation of current distributes in a multi-conductors system, magnetic field distributions in a room during the building struck by a lightning and kinds of schemes of protection on electronic systems against electromagnetic interference.
During the computation of the parameters in a reinforced concrete structure, the capacitances are calculated by means of the average potential method, and the inductances are evaluated by the Neumann's formula.
During the computation of the current distributions in the reinforced concrete structure, -type coupled circuit and constant parameter type are applied in the multi-conductors system. After numerical discretion of the capacitances and the inductances in time domain, we may get node voltage equators. The results of computation of current distributions are compared with the results in other dissertation, and a better agreement between calculated and reference documents result is reached.
After the computation of the current distributions in the reinforced concrete structure, the expressions of magnetic induction intensity in a room are deduced, and then were solved from both the circuit and field.
Finally, kinds of schemes of protection on electronic systems against electromagnetic interference in room are put forward. They are equal voltage, earthing, shield and discharge current. Then we analyze every kind of scheme of protection.
在变电站建筑物钢筋结构的电容计算中首先用平均电位矩阵法，然后对电位矩阵求逆，从而求出自电容和互电容；而求电感是从诺依曼的电感定义式(Neumann’s formula)出发对建筑物钢筋结构进行积分求解。
在计算钢筋结构体的电流分布时，电路的结构采用等值的π型耦合电路，并采用常值参数模型计算电流分布。对电容和电感进行离散化处理，列出节点电压方程。得出的结论与有关文献进行了对比。
在求得电流分布的基础上推导得到空间磁感应强度的表达式。分别从路和场两个方面进行求解。
对变电站室内电子设备提出了综合防护方案，即均压、接地、屏蔽和泄流。对每种方案作了较为详细的分析。对进入室内的电源线提出一种含压敏电阻的低通滤波器的保护电路；对进入室内的信号线给出一种含有放电管和雪崩二极管组成的二极保护基本电路。
We apply VC++ to research and simulation of magnetic field during a building struck by lightning in a substation. In this dissertation there are four parts. They are the computation of the capacitance and inductance parameters in a reinforced concrete structure, the computation of current distributes in a multi-conductors system, magnetic field distributions in a room during the building struck by a lightning and kinds of schemes of protection on electronic systems against electromagnetic interference.
During the computation of the parameters in a reinforced concrete structure, the capacitances are calculated by means of the average potential method, and the inductances are evaluated by the Neumann's formula.
During the computation of the current distributions in the reinforced concrete structure, -type coupled circuit and constant parameter type are applied in the multi-conductors system. After numerical discretion of the capacitances and the inductances in time domain, we may get node voltage equators. The results of computation of current distributions are compared with the results in other dissertation, and a better agreement between calculated and reference documents result is reached.
After the computation of the current distributions in the reinforced concrete structure, the expressions of magnetic induction intensity in a room are deduced, and then were solved from both the circuit and field.
Finally, kinds of schemes of protection on electronic systems against electromagnetic interference in room are put forward. They are equal voltage, earthing, shield and discharge current. Then we analyze every kind of scheme of protection.
引文
[1] 王巨丰．多雷强雷地区高山台防雷的有效方法．广播与电视技术．2000(10)
[2] 梁小冰，潘勇斌．直击雷对变电站控制室内的弱电设备的影响．电网技术．1999(23)
[3] Motorola Inc. Motorola TVS/Zener device dam.DL150/D, REC1, 1994
[4] 文武，贾俊，阮江军．电力系统电磁兼容问题综述．长沙电力学院学报．2003(18)
[5] 张节容，钱家骊，王伯翰等．高压电器原理和应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1989
[6] 张纬钹，高玉明．电力系统过电压与绝缘配合．北京：清华大学出版社，1988
[7] Liao T W, Lee T H. Surge suppressors for the protection of solid-state devices. IEEE T-Industry General Application, 1966, 2
[8] Cuffman J D, Linders J and Zucker M A. Power factor correction Capacitors and the side effects. IEEE 28th annual conference of electrical engineer problems in the rubber and plastics industry, 1976:37—49
[9] Shi J, Showers R M. Switching transients in low current DC circuits. IEEE international EMC symposium, 1984:273～279
[10] Howell E K. How switches produce electrical noise. IEEE T-EMC.1979, 21
[11] Golde R H. Lightning. London: Academic Press: 1977
[12] 彭仲秋．瞬态电磁场．北京：高等教育出版社，1989
[13] 刘涤尘．雷电对计算机和电子设备的危害与干扰及其防护：[博土学位论文]．武汉：武汉水利电力大学，1996
[14] 解子凤．金属网对雷电瞬态磁场屏蔽效能的研究：[博士学位论文]．武汉：武汉水利学，1996
[15] 程水明．雷击建筑物时室内电子系统过电压防护研究：[博士学位论文]清华大学1997
[16] 林福昌．雷击建筑物时对室内二次电缆感应干扰的研究：[博士学位论文]华中理工大学1996
[17] Casinova G, Geri A and Veca G M. Magnetic field map around a wall with a complete lightning protection system. IEEE T-Magnetic, 1989, 25
[18] 刘吉克．综合通信大楼的防雷接地及电流分布．雷电与静电，1994，8
[19] 马宏达．建筑物防雷与LEMP防护的原理．雷电与静电，1994，8
[20] 刘元刚．Visual C++实用程序100例．人民邮电出版社，2002
[21] David J Kruglinski Scot Wingo and George Shepherd. Visual C++ 6.0 Microsoft Press 1999
[22] 刘继，王秀英，李小玲．大型现代电子计算机对雷电的防护及其接地系统的电磁兼容问题．电力技术，1985，18(2)：46-56
[23] 张小青．高层建筑笼式钢结构体雷电暂态计算．电机工程学报，1996，16(5)：306-311
[24] 冯慈璋主编．电磁场．第二版．北京：高等教育出版社，1983
[25] Ametani A, Kasai Y and Sawada J. Frequency-dependent impedance of vertical conductors and a multi-conductor tower model. IEE Ploc-Gener TransmDistdb, 1994, 141(4): 339-345
[26] 刘鹏程主编．工程电磁场手册．北京：高等教育出版社，1991
[27] 关根志，袁聪波，胡世雄．雷电流在接地网上的分布及对二次回路影响的研究．电力技术，1991，24(3)：9—15
[28] 张小青．建筑物内电子设备防雷保护．电子工业出版社，2000
[29] 唐兴柞．高电压技术．重庆大学出版社，1995
[30] 李庆扬，王能超，易大义．数值分析．1982
[31] 中华人民共和国机械部主编．中华人民共和国国家标准．GB50057-94建筑物防雷设计规范．北京：中国计划出版社，1994
[32] 冯慈璋，马西奎．工程电磁场导论．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[33] 牛中奇等．电磁场理论基础。电子工业出版社，2001
[2] 梁小冰，潘勇斌．直击雷对变电站控制室内的弱电设备的影响．电网技术．1999(23)
[3] Motorola Inc. Motorola TVS/Zener device dam.DL150/D, REC1, 1994
[4] 文武，贾俊，阮江军．电力系统电磁兼容问题综述．长沙电力学院学报．2003(18)
[5] 张节容，钱家骊，王伯翰等．高压电器原理和应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1989
[6] 张纬钹，高玉明．电力系统过电压与绝缘配合．北京：清华大学出版社，1988
[7] Liao T W, Lee T H. Surge suppressors for the protection of solid-state devices. IEEE T-Industry General Application, 1966, 2
[8] Cuffman J D, Linders J and Zucker M A. Power factor correction Capacitors and the side effects. IEEE 28th annual conference of electrical engineer problems in the rubber and plastics industry, 1976:37—49
[9] Shi J, Showers R M. Switching transients in low current DC circuits. IEEE international EMC symposium, 1984:273～279
[10] Howell E K. How switches produce electrical noise. IEEE T-EMC.1979, 21
[11] Golde R H. Lightning. London: Academic Press: 1977
[12] 彭仲秋．瞬态电磁场．北京：高等教育出版社，1989
[13] 刘涤尘．雷电对计算机和电子设备的危害与干扰及其防护：[博土学位论文]．武汉：武汉水利电力大学，1996
[14] 解子凤．金属网对雷电瞬态磁场屏蔽效能的研究：[博士学位论文]．武汉：武汉水利学，1996
[15] 程水明．雷击建筑物时室内电子系统过电压防护研究：[博士学位论文]清华大学1997
[16] 林福昌．雷击建筑物时对室内二次电缆感应干扰的研究：[博士学位论文]华中理工大学1996
[17] Casinova G, Geri A and Veca G M. Magnetic field map around a wall with a complete lightning protection system. IEEE T-Magnetic, 1989, 25
[18] 刘吉克．综合通信大楼的防雷接地及电流分布．雷电与静电，1994，8
[19] 马宏达．建筑物防雷与LEMP防护的原理．雷电与静电，1994，8
[20] 刘元刚．Visual C++实用程序100例．人民邮电出版社，2002
[21] David J Kruglinski Scot Wingo and George Shepherd. Visual C++ 6.0 Microsoft Press 1999
[22] 刘继，王秀英，李小玲．大型现代电子计算机对雷电的防护及其接地系统的电磁兼容问题．电力技术，1985，18(2)：46-56
[23] 张小青．高层建筑笼式钢结构体雷电暂态计算．电机工程学报，1996，16(5)：306-311
[24] 冯慈璋主编．电磁场．第二版．北京：高等教育出版社，1983
[25] Ametani A, Kasai Y and Sawada J. Frequency-dependent impedance of vertical conductors and a multi-conductor tower model. IEE Ploc-Gener TransmDistdb, 1994, 141(4): 339-345
[26] 刘鹏程主编．工程电磁场手册．北京：高等教育出版社，1991
[27] 关根志，袁聪波，胡世雄．雷电流在接地网上的分布及对二次回路影响的研究．电力技术，1991，24(3)：9—15
[28] 张小青．建筑物内电子设备防雷保护．电子工业出版社，2000
[29] 唐兴柞．高电压技术．重庆大学出版社，1995
[30] 李庆扬，王能超，易大义．数值分析．1982
[31] 中华人民共和国机械部主编．中华人民共和国国家标准．GB50057-94建筑物防雷设计规范．北京：中国计划出版社，1994
[32] 冯慈璋，马西奎．工程电磁场导论．北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[33] 牛中奇等．电磁场理论基础。电子工业出版社，2001