城市园林中的雨水利用探讨
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摘要
水是人类和地球上一切生物赖以生存的基本要素,是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源。水资源的可持续利用,是社会、经济可持续发展极为重要的保证。随着经济的发展、人口的增长以及人们物质文化生活水平的提高,世界各地对水的需求日益增长,水资源短缺已经成为世界各国普遍关注的问题。
论文通过分析城市园林绿地用水现状,阐述了绿地用水紧缺的原因,强调了城市园林中雨水资源利用的重要性,分析了园林中雨水利用的可行性与优势性,并对国内外园林中雨水利用的成功案例进行了详细的分析。
论文介绍了园林绿地中雨水利用的技术方法,包括建造蓄水池、容器种植池、落水管截留、渗透井、生态屋顶、溢流种植池、渗透种植池、可透水铺装、可透水停车场、雨水桶、屋顶花园、渗水沟、增加树木种植、草坪砖、雨水花园和生态湿地,并对每种方法进行了详细分析与实例介绍。
文章以常德市“馨香庭院”住宅小区和乔司植物园中的雨水利用作为实例研究对象,提出在住宅小区中运用蓄水池与植物、可透水铺装等方法结合使用的雨水利用系统构建可持续的雨水景观。
本文试图通过对城市园林绿地雨水利用景观化问题的探讨,为景观设计师在今后的设计中提供参考。
Water is human being and basic key element on which all on earth living things rely for existing, is the basis natural resources and the strategy economy resource. Sustainable use of water resources, be society, economy sustainable development most important guarantee.
The cultural and material life is horizontal with development of the economy, population increase and people rise, the world increases by everywhere gradually to the water need, water resource shortage already becomes the problem that all the countries in the world shows solicitude for commonly.
The thesis has used water current situation by analysing the city gardens greenbelt, has set forth a greenbelt using short-supplied cause of water, the significance having emphasized that city gardens is hit by rainwater resource make use of, has analysed feasibility and advantage that the rainwater makes use of in gardens, and has carried out detailed analysis on the successful case that the rainwater makes use of at home and abroad in gardens.
The thesis has introduced the technology method that the rainwater makes use of in gardens greenbelt, lawn brick, the rainwater garden have composed in reply organism's habits wet land, and the detailed analysis and example having been in progress to method per kind have introduced that including building the reservoir, the container to cultivate pool, downpipe entrapment, the ditch seeping through the well, organism's habits roof, flooding cultivating pool, seeping through lay dress, but permeable parking lot, rainwater barrel, roof garden cultivating pool, but let in water, increasing trees to cultivate. Rainwater in "fragrance courtyard " housing district makes use of article to be the example object of study with Chang De City, suggests that rainwater being tied in wedlock being put into use in method such as wielding the reservoir and plant, but let in water laying dress in the housing district makes use of system to structure sustainable rainwater landscape.
Landscape-rization problem investigation and discussion the main body of a book is made use of trying to pass to city gardens greenbelt rainwater, the designer provides a reference to landscape in design the days to come.
论文通过分析城市园林绿地用水现状,阐述了绿地用水紧缺的原因,强调了城市园林中雨水资源利用的重要性,分析了园林中雨水利用的可行性与优势性,并对国内外园林中雨水利用的成功案例进行了详细的分析。
论文介绍了园林绿地中雨水利用的技术方法,包括建造蓄水池、容器种植池、落水管截留、渗透井、生态屋顶、溢流种植池、渗透种植池、可透水铺装、可透水停车场、雨水桶、屋顶花园、渗水沟、增加树木种植、草坪砖、雨水花园和生态湿地,并对每种方法进行了详细分析与实例介绍。
文章以常德市“馨香庭院”住宅小区和乔司植物园中的雨水利用作为实例研究对象,提出在住宅小区中运用蓄水池与植物、可透水铺装等方法结合使用的雨水利用系统构建可持续的雨水景观。
本文试图通过对城市园林绿地雨水利用景观化问题的探讨,为景观设计师在今后的设计中提供参考。
Water is human being and basic key element on which all on earth living things rely for existing, is the basis natural resources and the strategy economy resource. Sustainable use of water resources, be society, economy sustainable development most important guarantee.
The cultural and material life is horizontal with development of the economy, population increase and people rise, the world increases by everywhere gradually to the water need, water resource shortage already becomes the problem that all the countries in the world shows solicitude for commonly.
The thesis has used water current situation by analysing the city gardens greenbelt, has set forth a greenbelt using short-supplied cause of water, the significance having emphasized that city gardens is hit by rainwater resource make use of, has analysed feasibility and advantage that the rainwater makes use of in gardens, and has carried out detailed analysis on the successful case that the rainwater makes use of at home and abroad in gardens.
The thesis has introduced the technology method that the rainwater makes use of in gardens greenbelt, lawn brick, the rainwater garden have composed in reply organism's habits wet land, and the detailed analysis and example having been in progress to method per kind have introduced that including building the reservoir, the container to cultivate pool, downpipe entrapment, the ditch seeping through the well, organism's habits roof, flooding cultivating pool, seeping through lay dress, but permeable parking lot, rainwater barrel, roof garden cultivating pool, but let in water, increasing trees to cultivate. Rainwater in "fragrance courtyard " housing district makes use of article to be the example object of study with Chang De City, suggests that rainwater being tied in wedlock being put into use in method such as wielding the reservoir and plant, but let in water laying dress in the housing district makes use of system to structure sustainable rainwater landscape.
Landscape-rization problem investigation and discussion the main body of a book is made use of trying to pass to city gardens greenbelt rainwater, the designer provides a reference to landscape in design the days to come.
引文
[1]沈淑红.城市住宅小区节水景观研究-以杭州市为例[D].杭州：浙江大学,2005.
[2]车武,刘红.雨水利用与城市环境[J].北京节能,1999(3)：35-39.
[3]王大乐.城市园林绿地中雨水利用的景观化探讨[D].北京：北京林业大学,2007.
[4]车武,李俊奇.城市雨水利用技术与管理[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[5]李开红,刘咏,李如忠,等.城市缺水的环境效应及防治措施[J].安徽地质,2002,12(2)：136-139.
[6]黄鹊,陈卓如,王丹青.城市缺水问题的对策探讨[J].环境保护.2001(11)：14-15.
[7]刘洪禄,吴文勇,郝仲勇.都市绿地综合节水技术体系探讨[J].北京水利,2003,6：9-11.
[8]陈伟伟.城市雨水利用初探[J].中国水利水电市场,2008(11)：35-39.
[9]刘叶冰,谢峰,曾维嘉.建筑中水和雨水回用技术应用探讨[J].工程设计CAD与智能建筑,2001(2)：32-34.
[10]鲁秀国,张小秋,秦哲等.论解决水资源短缺的有效方法-中水回用[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2004,24(2)：203-206.
[11]那燕.城市雨水资源利用途经的探讨[J].辽宁师专学报,2001,3(2)：79-80,100.
[12]潘建良,李道棠,李笙宝,等.住宅小区人工湿地—水景观及其应用[J].住宅科技,2003(10)：41一43,46.
[13]王智阳,王玉迁.城市绿化与节水问题研究[J].黄河水利职业技术学院学报,2003,15(3)：9-12.
[14]丁跃元.德国的雨水利用技术[J].给水排水动态,2006(1)：85-89.
[15]赵力.德国柏林波茨坦广场的城市设计[J].时代建筑,2004(3)：91-94.
[16]刘军.日本河流与湖泊的水生植物净化技术现状[J].贵州环保科技(增刊),2004,110：7-10.
[17]潘国庆,车伍,等.城镇雨水收集利用储存池优化规模的探讨[J].给水排水,2008,34(12)：42-47.
[18]李丽娟,刘昌明,惠士博.城市雨水利用的潜力与对策[M].北京：气象出版社,2001.
[19]黄璎璎,朱艺.雨水在人造水景中的应用[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(9)：149-151.
[20]钱东,郁叶慧.雨水收集利用技术在大型景观水体工程中的应用[J].给排水设备,2008(6)：45-49.
[21]李雯.雨水回用技术在园林绿地中的运用———郑州植物园工程实例[J].上海建设科技,2007(6)：57-59.
[22]李强.以怡馨花园绿地雨水收集再利用工程的研究论城市节约型园林绿地建设[J].中国园林,2008(9)83-88.
[23]张洪飞.收集利用雨水,建设节约型城市绿地[J].现代园林,2008(7)：93-95.
[24]罗华.生态型溪流的设计方法[J].园林,2009(1)：40-41.
[25]赵伟滔,孙迪,潘颖.沈阳地区结合雨水利用的住宅小区景观生态设计探讨[J].现代园林,2008(6)：62-65.
[26]赵会芝,伍敏华,等.秦皇岛市园林绿地雨水的收集与利用[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2008,22(3)：53-57.
[27]梁灿添.浅析住宅小区雨水利用[J].广东建材,2008(3)：134-136.
[28]苏坤平.浅谈绿地的场地设计、雨水利用与景观-结合厦门石塘立交桥绿地的景观设计[J].建筑与文化,2008(7)：209-210.
[29]刘广华.凯德·视界住宅工程雨水回收再利用系统简介[J].浙江建筑,2009,26(3)：72-73.
[30]谢振华,崔亚莉,邵景力.城市绿色生态中的雨洪利用研究[C].首届国际智能与绿色建筑技术研讨会论文集.北京：首届国际智能与绿色建筑技术组委会, 2005(3)：45-51.
[31]威廉.汤普森.利用雨水打造创新的水体景观[J].城市环境设计,2008(1)：23-27.
[32]郑克白,范珑.北京奥林匹克公园中心区雨水排放系统设计[J].给水排水,2008,34(8)：85-92.
[33]李俊奇,车武.德国城市雨水利用技术考察分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(1)：47-49.
[34]李梅,李佩成,于晓晶.城市雨水收集模式和处理技术[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(6)：518-562.
[35]全新峰,张克峰,李秀芝.国内外城市雨水利用现状及趋势[J].能源与环境,2006(1)：56-58.
[36]任杨俊,李建军,赵俊侠.国内外雨水资源利用研究综述[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(1)：45-49.
[37]陶一舟.城市街道雨水的管理与利用——美国波特兰市“绿色街道”改造设计[J].园林,2007(6)：13-16.
[38]王少林.波特兰“雨水园”[J].园林工程,2005(6)：78-83.
[39]曾忠忠.城市湿地的设计与分析—以波特兰雨水花园与成都活水公园为例[J].城市环境设计,2008(1)：78-81.
[40]Richard Sedlak. Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from MunicipalWastewater: Princip les and Practice [M]. NewYork:Lewis Publishers,1999.
[41]Bernd Heinzmann, BerlinerWasser Betriebe. Phosphorus recovery in wastewater treatment plants [A].2nd International conference on Phosphate Recovery for Recycling from Sewage and Animal Wastes [C]. The Netherlands: Noordwilkerhout,2001.
[42]Battistoni P, Pavan P, Cecchi F, et al. Phosphate removal in real anaerobic supernatants:modeling and performance of a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Water Sci Technol,1998,38 (1):275-283.
[43]Kristell SLe Corre, Eugenia Valsami2Jones, Phil Hobbs, et al. Impact of calcium on struvite crystal size, shape and purity[J]. J Cryst Growth,2005,283:514-522.
[44]Battistoni P, De Angelis A, Priscisndaro M, et al. P removal from anaerobic supernatants by struvite crystallization:long term validation and p rocess modeling[J]. Water Res,2002,36 (8):1927-1938.
[45]Andrew Swales, R. bruce Williamson, Laurence f. Van dam. Reconstruction of Urban Stormwater Contamination of an Estuary Using Catchment History and Sediment Profile Dating [J]. Estuaries,2002,25(1):43-56.
[46]Wanfang Zhou,Barry F.Beck.Roadway construction in karst areas:management of stormwater runoff and sinkhole risk assessment[J]. Environ Geol,2005(47):1138-1149.
[47]Mary Padua.Living Water Garden[J].Lan dscape architecture,2004(3):234-238.
[48]J.William Thompson.Water Garden [J].Landscape architecture,2004(9):101-104.
[49]张巍,邵杰仪,等.杭州野风·海天城住宅区中的雨水利用[J].住宅科技,2008(3)：16-19.
[50]谭琼,李田,等.居住小区雨水优化管理方法的效果评价[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(19)：10-14.
[51]徐樵利.论创建节水型城市的战略意义[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,37(4)：558-561.
[2]车武,刘红.雨水利用与城市环境[J].北京节能,1999(3)：35-39.
[3]王大乐.城市园林绿地中雨水利用的景观化探讨[D].北京：北京林业大学,2007.
[4]车武,李俊奇.城市雨水利用技术与管理[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[5]李开红,刘咏,李如忠,等.城市缺水的环境效应及防治措施[J].安徽地质,2002,12(2)：136-139.
[6]黄鹊,陈卓如,王丹青.城市缺水问题的对策探讨[J].环境保护.2001(11)：14-15.
[7]刘洪禄,吴文勇,郝仲勇.都市绿地综合节水技术体系探讨[J].北京水利,2003,6：9-11.
[8]陈伟伟.城市雨水利用初探[J].中国水利水电市场,2008(11)：35-39.
[9]刘叶冰,谢峰,曾维嘉.建筑中水和雨水回用技术应用探讨[J].工程设计CAD与智能建筑,2001(2)：32-34.
[10]鲁秀国,张小秋,秦哲等.论解决水资源短缺的有效方法-中水回用[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2004,24(2)：203-206.
[11]那燕.城市雨水资源利用途经的探讨[J].辽宁师专学报,2001,3(2)：79-80,100.
[12]潘建良,李道棠,李笙宝,等.住宅小区人工湿地—水景观及其应用[J].住宅科技,2003(10)：41一43,46.
[13]王智阳,王玉迁.城市绿化与节水问题研究[J].黄河水利职业技术学院学报,2003,15(3)：9-12.
[14]丁跃元.德国的雨水利用技术[J].给水排水动态,2006(1)：85-89.
[15]赵力.德国柏林波茨坦广场的城市设计[J].时代建筑,2004(3)：91-94.
[16]刘军.日本河流与湖泊的水生植物净化技术现状[J].贵州环保科技(增刊),2004,110：7-10.
[17]潘国庆,车伍,等.城镇雨水收集利用储存池优化规模的探讨[J].给水排水,2008,34(12)：42-47.
[18]李丽娟,刘昌明,惠士博.城市雨水利用的潜力与对策[M].北京：气象出版社,2001.
[19]黄璎璎,朱艺.雨水在人造水景中的应用[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(9)：149-151.
[20]钱东,郁叶慧.雨水收集利用技术在大型景观水体工程中的应用[J].给排水设备,2008(6)：45-49.
[21]李雯.雨水回用技术在园林绿地中的运用———郑州植物园工程实例[J].上海建设科技,2007(6)：57-59.
[22]李强.以怡馨花园绿地雨水收集再利用工程的研究论城市节约型园林绿地建设[J].中国园林,2008(9)83-88.
[23]张洪飞.收集利用雨水,建设节约型城市绿地[J].现代园林,2008(7)：93-95.
[24]罗华.生态型溪流的设计方法[J].园林,2009(1)：40-41.
[25]赵伟滔,孙迪,潘颖.沈阳地区结合雨水利用的住宅小区景观生态设计探讨[J].现代园林,2008(6)：62-65.
[26]赵会芝,伍敏华,等.秦皇岛市园林绿地雨水的收集与利用[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2008,22(3)：53-57.
[27]梁灿添.浅析住宅小区雨水利用[J].广东建材,2008(3)：134-136.
[28]苏坤平.浅谈绿地的场地设计、雨水利用与景观-结合厦门石塘立交桥绿地的景观设计[J].建筑与文化,2008(7)：209-210.
[29]刘广华.凯德·视界住宅工程雨水回收再利用系统简介[J].浙江建筑,2009,26(3)：72-73.
[30]谢振华,崔亚莉,邵景力.城市绿色生态中的雨洪利用研究[C].首届国际智能与绿色建筑技术研讨会论文集.北京：首届国际智能与绿色建筑技术组委会, 2005(3)：45-51.
[31]威廉.汤普森.利用雨水打造创新的水体景观[J].城市环境设计,2008(1)：23-27.
[32]郑克白,范珑.北京奥林匹克公园中心区雨水排放系统设计[J].给水排水,2008,34(8)：85-92.
[33]李俊奇,车武.德国城市雨水利用技术考察分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(1)：47-49.
[34]李梅,李佩成,于晓晶.城市雨水收集模式和处理技术[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(6)：518-562.
[35]全新峰,张克峰,李秀芝.国内外城市雨水利用现状及趋势[J].能源与环境,2006(1)：56-58.
[36]任杨俊,李建军,赵俊侠.国内外雨水资源利用研究综述[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(1)：45-49.
[37]陶一舟.城市街道雨水的管理与利用——美国波特兰市“绿色街道”改造设计[J].园林,2007(6)：13-16.
[38]王少林.波特兰“雨水园”[J].园林工程,2005(6)：78-83.
[39]曾忠忠.城市湿地的设计与分析—以波特兰雨水花园与成都活水公园为例[J].城市环境设计,2008(1)：78-81.
[40]Richard Sedlak. Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from MunicipalWastewater: Princip les and Practice [M]. NewYork:Lewis Publishers,1999.
[41]Bernd Heinzmann, BerlinerWasser Betriebe. Phosphorus recovery in wastewater treatment plants [A].2nd International conference on Phosphate Recovery for Recycling from Sewage and Animal Wastes [C]. The Netherlands: Noordwilkerhout,2001.
[42]Battistoni P, Pavan P, Cecchi F, et al. Phosphate removal in real anaerobic supernatants:modeling and performance of a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Water Sci Technol,1998,38 (1):275-283.
[43]Kristell SLe Corre, Eugenia Valsami2Jones, Phil Hobbs, et al. Impact of calcium on struvite crystal size, shape and purity[J]. J Cryst Growth,2005,283:514-522.
[44]Battistoni P, De Angelis A, Priscisndaro M, et al. P removal from anaerobic supernatants by struvite crystallization:long term validation and p rocess modeling[J]. Water Res,2002,36 (8):1927-1938.
[45]Andrew Swales, R. bruce Williamson, Laurence f. Van dam. Reconstruction of Urban Stormwater Contamination of an Estuary Using Catchment History and Sediment Profile Dating [J]. Estuaries,2002,25(1):43-56.
[46]Wanfang Zhou,Barry F.Beck.Roadway construction in karst areas:management of stormwater runoff and sinkhole risk assessment[J]. Environ Geol,2005(47):1138-1149.
[47]Mary Padua.Living Water Garden[J].Lan dscape architecture,2004(3):234-238.
[48]J.William Thompson.Water Garden [J].Landscape architecture,2004(9):101-104.
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