相变蓄热对立式集热板太阳能热气流系统运行性能的影响研究
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摘要
传统太阳能热气流电站由于其集热棚直径很大,只能建在人口稀少的荒漠化地区,而且烟囱非常高,不易建造与保持稳定。课题组在传统太阳能热气流电站基础上设计了一种立式集热板太阳能热气流发电系统,该系统将集热板与烟囱合为一体,依附在高层建筑物上建造,这一设计大大减小了原有太阳能热气流电站的占地面积,将技术简单,清洁环保的太阳能热气流发电技术应用在太阳能资源同样丰富的城市中。由于太阳辐射的间断性与不稳定性,为了提高能源利用率,保证立式集热板太阳能热气流发电系统的连续运行,本文在系统中设置了以石蜡相变材料作为蓄热材料的蓄热层,研究了相变蓄热对系统运行性能的影响,并研究了强化空气与石蜡换热的方式。
本文主要针对系统内空气流动与相变蓄热的耦合情况进行了非稳态数值计算研究,比较了系统有无相变蓄热层时竖直烟囱流道内空气的最大流速和系统最大功率,分析了蓄热层厚度对系统运行情况的影响。通过分析得出:系统内空气最大流速和系统最大功率随时间的变化关系与太阳辐射量随时间的变化关系相似,中午太阳辐射量达到最大值时,气流速度和功率也达到最大值;包含蓄热层的系统在夜间有0.79m/s的风速,系统功率有1.3W左右,正午时系统的最大功率值比没有蓄热层时低,但是由于石蜡的储能作用,使得该值随天数增加不断提高,并且夜间气流速度也不断增大,因此可得出蓄热层能保证电站系统的连续运行;另外本文比较了两种蓄热层厚度对竖直烟囱流道内空气最大流速和系统最大功率的影响,通过研究表明,当蓄热层厚度为0.2m时,系统获得的最大功率值略大,因此在本文的系统中可将蓄热层的厚度设置为0.2m。
由于石蜡和空气的导热系数较低,本文采用扩展表面的方法强化空气与石蜡之间的换热,设计了多种表面带肋的蓄热层,并对其蓄放热能力进行了模拟和比较,结果表明:增加空气与石蜡的换热接触面积,能够有效强化二者之间的换热;且当蓄热层表面带有纵向矩形肋时,石蜡的蓄热和放热时间大大缩短,系统中空气的流速得到了提高,从而保证了系统运行的连续性。另外本文利用数值模拟法分析了在石蜡相变材料中添加不同含量的纳米粒子对其蓄放热过程的影响,对纳米粒子强化立式集热板太阳能热气流系统中相变材料的蓄放热能力进行了前瞻性的研究。
Due to the heat collector covers great area, the traditional solar chimney power plant system can only be built on the desertification area. The very high chimney is difficult to be built and keep stable. On the basis of traditional solar chimney power plant station, a new kind of system with vertical heat collector is designed. The solar chimney power plant system with vertical heat collector combines the chimney and heat collector, attached to the high-rise buildings, which greatly reduces the area of original design and expands the application of this simple and clean power plant technology to cities. Because the solar radiation is intermittent and instable, the heat storage layer made of paraffin phase change material is added to the system to improve the energy efficiency and guarantee the continuous working of the system. The influences of phase change heat storage on the system operation properties and the heat transfer strengthening methods between air and paraffin are studied.
Unsteady conjugate numerical simulation of the air flow and phase change heat storage in the system is done. The air maximum velocity and system maximum power in the condition of no heat storage layer or having heat storage layer are compared and the influence of thickness of heat storage layer on the system operation is analyzed. The conclusions include: the changing relationships of air velocity and system power with time are similar to the change of solar radiation with time; when the solar radiation reaches to the maximum value, the air velocity and system power also have their maximum values. The air velocity is 0.79m/s and the system power can be 1.3W at night in the system with heat storage layer. At noon the maximum power of system with heat storage layer is lower than that of system without heat storage layer, but because of the energy-storage role of paraffin, the power increases along with the increase of days, so does air velocity at night. Therefore the heat storage layer can make the system run continuously. The effects of thickness of heat storage layer on the air velocity and system power are compared. When the thickness is 0.2m, the system maximum power is bigger. So the thickness of heat storage layer in the system can be set as 0.2m.
Because paraffin and air has low heat-conducting coefficient, different surface forms of heat storage layer are designed in order to enhance the heat transfer between the air and paraffin, and their abilities of heat storage are simulated and compared. The results show that the increase of contact area between air and paraffin can strengthen the heat exchange between them; when longitudinal rectangular fins are added to the surface, the melting or solidification time of paraffin reduces greatly, the air velocity is enhanced, so the continuity of system operation is ensured. The influence of adding nanoparticles to paraffin on the heat storage process is analyzed by numerical simulation and the heat storage ability of phase change materials in the solar chimney power plant system with vertical heat collector strengthened by the nanoparticles is prospectively studied.
本文主要针对系统内空气流动与相变蓄热的耦合情况进行了非稳态数值计算研究,比较了系统有无相变蓄热层时竖直烟囱流道内空气的最大流速和系统最大功率,分析了蓄热层厚度对系统运行情况的影响。通过分析得出:系统内空气最大流速和系统最大功率随时间的变化关系与太阳辐射量随时间的变化关系相似,中午太阳辐射量达到最大值时,气流速度和功率也达到最大值;包含蓄热层的系统在夜间有0.79m/s的风速,系统功率有1.3W左右,正午时系统的最大功率值比没有蓄热层时低,但是由于石蜡的储能作用,使得该值随天数增加不断提高,并且夜间气流速度也不断增大,因此可得出蓄热层能保证电站系统的连续运行;另外本文比较了两种蓄热层厚度对竖直烟囱流道内空气最大流速和系统最大功率的影响,通过研究表明,当蓄热层厚度为0.2m时,系统获得的最大功率值略大,因此在本文的系统中可将蓄热层的厚度设置为0.2m。
由于石蜡和空气的导热系数较低,本文采用扩展表面的方法强化空气与石蜡之间的换热,设计了多种表面带肋的蓄热层,并对其蓄放热能力进行了模拟和比较,结果表明:增加空气与石蜡的换热接触面积,能够有效强化二者之间的换热;且当蓄热层表面带有纵向矩形肋时,石蜡的蓄热和放热时间大大缩短,系统中空气的流速得到了提高,从而保证了系统运行的连续性。另外本文利用数值模拟法分析了在石蜡相变材料中添加不同含量的纳米粒子对其蓄放热过程的影响,对纳米粒子强化立式集热板太阳能热气流系统中相变材料的蓄放热能力进行了前瞻性的研究。
Due to the heat collector covers great area, the traditional solar chimney power plant system can only be built on the desertification area. The very high chimney is difficult to be built and keep stable. On the basis of traditional solar chimney power plant station, a new kind of system with vertical heat collector is designed. The solar chimney power plant system with vertical heat collector combines the chimney and heat collector, attached to the high-rise buildings, which greatly reduces the area of original design and expands the application of this simple and clean power plant technology to cities. Because the solar radiation is intermittent and instable, the heat storage layer made of paraffin phase change material is added to the system to improve the energy efficiency and guarantee the continuous working of the system. The influences of phase change heat storage on the system operation properties and the heat transfer strengthening methods between air and paraffin are studied.
Unsteady conjugate numerical simulation of the air flow and phase change heat storage in the system is done. The air maximum velocity and system maximum power in the condition of no heat storage layer or having heat storage layer are compared and the influence of thickness of heat storage layer on the system operation is analyzed. The conclusions include: the changing relationships of air velocity and system power with time are similar to the change of solar radiation with time; when the solar radiation reaches to the maximum value, the air velocity and system power also have their maximum values. The air velocity is 0.79m/s and the system power can be 1.3W at night in the system with heat storage layer. At noon the maximum power of system with heat storage layer is lower than that of system without heat storage layer, but because of the energy-storage role of paraffin, the power increases along with the increase of days, so does air velocity at night. Therefore the heat storage layer can make the system run continuously. The effects of thickness of heat storage layer on the air velocity and system power are compared. When the thickness is 0.2m, the system maximum power is bigger. So the thickness of heat storage layer in the system can be set as 0.2m.
Because paraffin and air has low heat-conducting coefficient, different surface forms of heat storage layer are designed in order to enhance the heat transfer between the air and paraffin, and their abilities of heat storage are simulated and compared. The results show that the increase of contact area between air and paraffin can strengthen the heat exchange between them; when longitudinal rectangular fins are added to the surface, the melting or solidification time of paraffin reduces greatly, the air velocity is enhanced, so the continuity of system operation is ensured. The influence of adding nanoparticles to paraffin on the heat storage process is analyzed by numerical simulation and the heat storage ability of phase change materials in the solar chimney power plant system with vertical heat collector strengthened by the nanoparticles is prospectively studied.
引文
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