异形喷嘴射流特性的实验研究
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摘要
高压水射流成套设备以喷嘴为中心,这是因为喷嘴是形成水射流工况的直接元件,它所造成的结果直接影响到系统的各个部分。研究出性能良好,材料适宜又与主机匹配的喷嘴,将会极大地提高射流效率。喷嘴的型式很多,目前使用最广泛的是针型喷嘴。但随着研究的不断进展,异形喷嘴因为其在某些方面的突出优势已经开始得到越来越广泛的应用。
本论文以正三边形喷嘴和正四边形喷嘴这两种异形喷嘴为研究对象,利用理论与实验相结合的方法,把异形喷嘴和圆形喷嘴作比较,分析喷嘴喷孔形状在不同压力下对其射流特性的影响。论文研究的射流特性参数主要包括:喷嘴的流量(q)、流量系数(μ)、输出功率(P_(jet))、打击力(F)。另外,本文还对异形喷嘴的射流形态作了一些实验研究,研究表明这两种异形喷嘴具有很高的集束特性,与圆形喷嘴相比不易雾化。这部分实验为工程上此类异形喷嘴的实际应用作了有益的探索。
本文得出的一些结论是很有价值的:正三边形和正四边形两种异形喷嘴与圆形喷嘴相比,流量系数和打击力较大,射流形态不易破碎,充分显示了其高效节能的特性,适合用于射流切割、穿孔等领域。这对于异形喷嘴无论是在其理论应用的结构设计方面,还是在工程应用的合理选择方面均起到一定的指导作用。
Nozzle, a very important part in high-pressure water-jet equipment, influences the other parts of the jet system. An appropriate nozzle will obviously enhance the jet efficiency. There are many kinds of nozzles, among which the needle-shape nozzle is widely used in practice. Recently, with the jet research and development, the non-circle jet nozzle is used widely begin to be accepted because of its advantages.In this thesis, experimental studies on the non-circle nozzles (triangle and quadrangle types) have been conducted, and the experimental results are compared with these of the needle-shape nozzle. The experimental results all agree well with those of the theoretical analysis. The water-jet parameters include volume flow rate of the water-jet (q), discharge coefficient of orifice (μ), output power (P_(jet)),and impinging force (F). In addition, the experimental study on the shape of non-circle nozzle's jet is performed, and the jet-structure form non-circle nozzle has good stable characteristics compared with that from the needle-shape nozzle. The result would be of benefit to the extending application of the non-circle nozzle.Some experimental results are valuable: the non-circle nozzle's (triangle and quadrangle) discharge coefficient of orifice and the shape of jet are better then those of the needle-shape nozzle, indicating that the non-circle nozzle is more efficient, and hence the nozzles could be used the cutting or perforating. It is a beneficial investigation in order to apply them in industries. The conclusion acquired in this thesis about the non-circle nozzle is important either in theory or engineering application.
本论文以正三边形喷嘴和正四边形喷嘴这两种异形喷嘴为研究对象,利用理论与实验相结合的方法,把异形喷嘴和圆形喷嘴作比较,分析喷嘴喷孔形状在不同压力下对其射流特性的影响。论文研究的射流特性参数主要包括:喷嘴的流量(q)、流量系数(μ)、输出功率(P_(jet))、打击力(F)。另外,本文还对异形喷嘴的射流形态作了一些实验研究,研究表明这两种异形喷嘴具有很高的集束特性,与圆形喷嘴相比不易雾化。这部分实验为工程上此类异形喷嘴的实际应用作了有益的探索。
本文得出的一些结论是很有价值的:正三边形和正四边形两种异形喷嘴与圆形喷嘴相比,流量系数和打击力较大,射流形态不易破碎,充分显示了其高效节能的特性,适合用于射流切割、穿孔等领域。这对于异形喷嘴无论是在其理论应用的结构设计方面,还是在工程应用的合理选择方面均起到一定的指导作用。
Nozzle, a very important part in high-pressure water-jet equipment, influences the other parts of the jet system. An appropriate nozzle will obviously enhance the jet efficiency. There are many kinds of nozzles, among which the needle-shape nozzle is widely used in practice. Recently, with the jet research and development, the non-circle jet nozzle is used widely begin to be accepted because of its advantages.In this thesis, experimental studies on the non-circle nozzles (triangle and quadrangle types) have been conducted, and the experimental results are compared with these of the needle-shape nozzle. The experimental results all agree well with those of the theoretical analysis. The water-jet parameters include volume flow rate of the water-jet (q), discharge coefficient of orifice (μ), output power (P_(jet)),and impinging force (F). In addition, the experimental study on the shape of non-circle nozzle's jet is performed, and the jet-structure form non-circle nozzle has good stable characteristics compared with that from the needle-shape nozzle. The result would be of benefit to the extending application of the non-circle nozzle.Some experimental results are valuable: the non-circle nozzle's (triangle and quadrangle) discharge coefficient of orifice and the shape of jet are better then those of the needle-shape nozzle, indicating that the non-circle nozzle is more efficient, and hence the nozzles could be used the cutting or perforating. It is a beneficial investigation in order to apply them in industries. The conclusion acquired in this thesis about the non-circle nozzle is important either in theory or engineering application.
引文
[1] 辛承梁.实用喷射技术[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1993.145-163
[2] 刘庭成,白俊英,白春雪.高压水射流技术综述[J].冶金设备,1999(5):12
[3] 周国明,陆建忠,丁怡伟.工业喷嘴形势及射流特性[J].机械制造,1995(5)
[4] 沈忠厚著.水射流理论与技术[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1990,1-7
[5] 于肖放.高压水射流技术的近期进展[J].航空工艺技术,1991(5):37-38
[6] 王瑞和.旋转水射流破岩钻孔技术研究[D].石油大学.1995,3
[7] 薛胜雄,石达君.美国的高压水射流技术[J].流体机械,1996(5):35-40
[8] 薛胜雄,黄汪平,黄得胜. 1999年美国水射流技术扫描[J]. 流体机械,2000(6):27-30
[9] Xue Shengxiong, Huang Wangpin, Chen Zhengweng. Research on the Equipment for Oil Pipe Inner and Outer Surfaces Cleaning[C]. In: Proceedings of the 9th American, Water Conference. DIRDORN: WJTA, 1997, 551-561
[10] 薛胜雄,黄汪平,陈正文等著.高压水射流技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[11] 刘建瑞.我国的高压水射流设备[J].化学清洗,1998(11),40
[12] Tikhomirov R A et al. High-Pressure Jet Curring. New York: ASME. 1992
[13] 崔漠慎等著. 高压水射流技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993
[14] R. D. Reitz, F. V. Bracco. Mechanisms of Break up of Round Liquid Jets[J]. In N. P. cherenisionff(ed. ), Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 3, chap. 10, Gulf Pub, New Jersey, 1986
[15] 韩惠霖编著.喷射理论及其应用[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.1990.11.23-25
[16] 黄俊.水射流除尘技术[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1993
[17] 郭宗泰著. 高压水清洗技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 1984.35-37
[18] 曹建明.射流雾化机理的研究[J].汽车运输研究[J]。1997,16(4):49-53
[19] M. Jo McCarthy and N. A. Molly. Review of Stability of liquid Jets and the Influence of Nozzle Design[J]. The Chemical Engineering Journal, 1995 (7). 1-20
[20] Lord Rayleith. On the Instability of Jets[J]. Proco London Math. Soc. 1878 (10), 4
[21] Lord Rayleith. Futher Observations upon Liquid Jets [J]. Proc. Roy. Soc. 1879 (29), 71
[22] J. S. W. Rayleith. On the Stability of a Cylinder of Viscous Liquid under Capillary force[J]. Philos, Mag, 1892 (34), 145
[23] J. Plateau. Statique experimental et theorique des liquids soumis aux seules forces Moleculares. Cited by lord Rayleigh, Theory of sound[M]. Vol. Ⅱ, Dover, New York, 1945
[24] J. S. W. Rayleith. Theory of Sound[M]. Vol. Ⅱ. Dover. New York, 1945
[25] D. B. Bogy. Drop Formation in a Circular Liquid Jet[J]. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1979, 11, 207
[26] E. F. Goedde, M. C. Yueno Experiment on Liquid Jet Instability [J]. Fluid Mech, 1970 (40), 495
[27] R. A. Castlman. NACARepont No. 1932, 440
[28] K. S. DeJuhasz. Trans. ASME53, 1931, 65
[29] W. Bergwerk. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1959, 173, 655
[30] J. H. Rupe. Jet Propulsion Lsbortory Technical Repont. 1962, No. 32, 207
[31] E. Griffen , A. Muraszew. The Atomization of Liquid Fuels Wiley[M]. New York, 1953
[32] 史绍熙,郗大光等.液体射流的非轴对称破碎[J].燃烧科学与技术.Vol.12,(1996).No.3
[33] 史绍熙,郗大光等.液体雾化初始阶段的破碎[J].内燃机学报.Vol.14(1996)No.4
[34] 史绍熙,郗大光等.液体射流结构特征的理论分析[J].燃烧科学与技术.Vol.2(1996)No.4
[35] 史绍熙,郗大光等.高速粘性液体射流的不稳定模式[J]。内燃机学报.Vol.15(1997)No.1
[36] 陈斌,郭烈锦.喷嘴雾化特性实验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报.Vol.22.2001.3
[37] 蒋或澄,宁原林,胡寿根. 淹没水射流锥形喷嘴的计算分析与实验比较[J].上海理工大学学报.Vol.21,No.4,1999,345-349
[38] 卢晓江.纸机网部高压冲洗喷嘴的设计[J].轻工机械,1998(4),17-19
[39] 史绍熙. 车用高速柴油机关键技术的研究及其产品的开发.重大科技项目建议书.1992,4
[40] M. J. McCarthy and N. A. Molly. Review of Stability of liquid Jets and the Influence of Nozzle Design[J]. The Chemical Engineering Journal, 1995 (7). 1-20
[41] 管志川,陈庭根,蔡镜仑.用矩形出口喷嘴改善PDC钻头水力结构的研究[J].石油大学学报.1992,16(2):20-28
[42] 管志川,陈庭根,胡永宏,杨福召.长圆形出口喷嘴射流特性的实验研究[J].石油大学学报.1993,17,5
[43] 李久生,马福才.喷嘴形状对喷洒水滴动能的影响[J].灌溉排水.1997,16(2): 1-6
[44] 李英能,李久生等.节能异型喷嘴水利性能研究及其研制[J].灌溉排水.1990,9(2):43-50
[45] 邢西哲,赵占西,王启伦.利用高压水射流进行孔加工的方法[J].河海大学常州分校学报.2000,14(4):63-66
[46] 杜维义.高压水射流系统中胶管的选择与喷嘴的计算[J].流体机械.1994,(1):40-44
[47] 安海铃.圆自由射流的测量及其被动控制的研究[D].天津大学.2001.1-10
[48] 周爱平.过流截面突然扩大和突然缩小时局部阻力的测量与分析[J].焦作工学院学报.2000,19(1):45-49
[49] 王致清.流体力学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987
[50] 谭天恩.化工原理(上册)[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2002,19
[51] 陈敏恒,丛德滋等.化工原理(第二版)上册[M].1999,化学工业出版社
[52] 卢晓江.化工流体力学讲义(供研究生用).天津科技大学,2000
[53] 刘成文,李兆敏.锥形喷嘴流量系数及水力参数的理论计算方法[J].钻采工艺.2000,23(5):1-3
[54] Robert L. Daugherty, A, B, M. E., Joseph B. Franzini, Ph.D., E. John Firmemore, Ph. D.. Fluid michanics with engineering applications, Eighty edition, 1985, 485-487
[55] Summers D A. Waterjetting Technology[M]. London: E&FN spon 1995
[56] 孙家俊.水射流切割技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1992
[57] So P. Lin, E. A. Zbrahim. Instability of a viscous gas in a vertical pipe[J]. Fluid Mech. 1990, Vol. 28pp 641-658
[58] 吴迪宏。射流喷嘴性能影响因素的分析与评价[D].天津科技大学.2003
[59] 张宝珍.针型喷嘴结构对射流特性影响的实验研究[D].天津科技大学.2003;15-18
[2] 刘庭成,白俊英,白春雪.高压水射流技术综述[J].冶金设备,1999(5):12
[3] 周国明,陆建忠,丁怡伟.工业喷嘴形势及射流特性[J].机械制造,1995(5)
[4] 沈忠厚著.水射流理论与技术[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1990,1-7
[5] 于肖放.高压水射流技术的近期进展[J].航空工艺技术,1991(5):37-38
[6] 王瑞和.旋转水射流破岩钻孔技术研究[D].石油大学.1995,3
[7] 薛胜雄,石达君.美国的高压水射流技术[J].流体机械,1996(5):35-40
[8] 薛胜雄,黄汪平,黄得胜. 1999年美国水射流技术扫描[J]. 流体机械,2000(6):27-30
[9] Xue Shengxiong, Huang Wangpin, Chen Zhengweng. Research on the Equipment for Oil Pipe Inner and Outer Surfaces Cleaning[C]. In: Proceedings of the 9th American, Water Conference. DIRDORN: WJTA, 1997, 551-561
[10] 薛胜雄,黄汪平,陈正文等著.高压水射流技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[11] 刘建瑞.我国的高压水射流设备[J].化学清洗,1998(11),40
[12] Tikhomirov R A et al. High-Pressure Jet Curring. New York: ASME. 1992
[13] 崔漠慎等著. 高压水射流技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993
[14] R. D. Reitz, F. V. Bracco. Mechanisms of Break up of Round Liquid Jets[J]. In N. P. cherenisionff(ed. ), Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 3, chap. 10, Gulf Pub, New Jersey, 1986
[15] 韩惠霖编著.喷射理论及其应用[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.1990.11.23-25
[16] 黄俊.水射流除尘技术[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1993
[17] 郭宗泰著. 高压水清洗技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 1984.35-37
[18] 曹建明.射流雾化机理的研究[J].汽车运输研究[J]。1997,16(4):49-53
[19] M. Jo McCarthy and N. A. Molly. Review of Stability of liquid Jets and the Influence of Nozzle Design[J]. The Chemical Engineering Journal, 1995 (7). 1-20
[20] Lord Rayleith. On the Instability of Jets[J]. Proco London Math. Soc. 1878 (10), 4
[21] Lord Rayleith. Futher Observations upon Liquid Jets [J]. Proc. Roy. Soc. 1879 (29), 71
[22] J. S. W. Rayleith. On the Stability of a Cylinder of Viscous Liquid under Capillary force[J]. Philos, Mag, 1892 (34), 145
[23] J. Plateau. Statique experimental et theorique des liquids soumis aux seules forces Moleculares. Cited by lord Rayleigh, Theory of sound[M]. Vol. Ⅱ, Dover, New York, 1945
[24] J. S. W. Rayleith. Theory of Sound[M]. Vol. Ⅱ. Dover. New York, 1945
[25] D. B. Bogy. Drop Formation in a Circular Liquid Jet[J]. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1979, 11, 207
[26] E. F. Goedde, M. C. Yueno Experiment on Liquid Jet Instability [J]. Fluid Mech, 1970 (40), 495
[27] R. A. Castlman. NACARepont No. 1932, 440
[28] K. S. DeJuhasz. Trans. ASME53, 1931, 65
[29] W. Bergwerk. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1959, 173, 655
[30] J. H. Rupe. Jet Propulsion Lsbortory Technical Repont. 1962, No. 32, 207
[31] E. Griffen , A. Muraszew. The Atomization of Liquid Fuels Wiley[M]. New York, 1953
[32] 史绍熙,郗大光等.液体射流的非轴对称破碎[J].燃烧科学与技术.Vol.12,(1996).No.3
[33] 史绍熙,郗大光等.液体雾化初始阶段的破碎[J].内燃机学报.Vol.14(1996)No.4
[34] 史绍熙,郗大光等.液体射流结构特征的理论分析[J].燃烧科学与技术.Vol.2(1996)No.4
[35] 史绍熙,郗大光等.高速粘性液体射流的不稳定模式[J]。内燃机学报.Vol.15(1997)No.1
[36] 陈斌,郭烈锦.喷嘴雾化特性实验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报.Vol.22.2001.3
[37] 蒋或澄,宁原林,胡寿根. 淹没水射流锥形喷嘴的计算分析与实验比较[J].上海理工大学学报.Vol.21,No.4,1999,345-349
[38] 卢晓江.纸机网部高压冲洗喷嘴的设计[J].轻工机械,1998(4),17-19
[39] 史绍熙. 车用高速柴油机关键技术的研究及其产品的开发.重大科技项目建议书.1992,4
[40] M. J. McCarthy and N. A. Molly. Review of Stability of liquid Jets and the Influence of Nozzle Design[J]. The Chemical Engineering Journal, 1995 (7). 1-20
[41] 管志川,陈庭根,蔡镜仑.用矩形出口喷嘴改善PDC钻头水力结构的研究[J].石油大学学报.1992,16(2):20-28
[42] 管志川,陈庭根,胡永宏,杨福召.长圆形出口喷嘴射流特性的实验研究[J].石油大学学报.1993,17,5
[43] 李久生,马福才.喷嘴形状对喷洒水滴动能的影响[J].灌溉排水.1997,16(2): 1-6
[44] 李英能,李久生等.节能异型喷嘴水利性能研究及其研制[J].灌溉排水.1990,9(2):43-50
[45] 邢西哲,赵占西,王启伦.利用高压水射流进行孔加工的方法[J].河海大学常州分校学报.2000,14(4):63-66
[46] 杜维义.高压水射流系统中胶管的选择与喷嘴的计算[J].流体机械.1994,(1):40-44
[47] 安海铃.圆自由射流的测量及其被动控制的研究[D].天津大学.2001.1-10
[48] 周爱平.过流截面突然扩大和突然缩小时局部阻力的测量与分析[J].焦作工学院学报.2000,19(1):45-49
[49] 王致清.流体力学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987
[50] 谭天恩.化工原理(上册)[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2002,19
[51] 陈敏恒,丛德滋等.化工原理(第二版)上册[M].1999,化学工业出版社
[52] 卢晓江.化工流体力学讲义(供研究生用).天津科技大学,2000
[53] 刘成文,李兆敏.锥形喷嘴流量系数及水力参数的理论计算方法[J].钻采工艺.2000,23(5):1-3
[54] Robert L. Daugherty, A, B, M. E., Joseph B. Franzini, Ph.D., E. John Firmemore, Ph. D.. Fluid michanics with engineering applications, Eighty edition, 1985, 485-487
[55] Summers D A. Waterjetting Technology[M]. London: E&FN spon 1995
[56] 孙家俊.水射流切割技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1992
[57] So P. Lin, E. A. Zbrahim. Instability of a viscous gas in a vertical pipe[J]. Fluid Mech. 1990, Vol. 28pp 641-658
[58] 吴迪宏。射流喷嘴性能影响因素的分析与评价[D].天津科技大学.2003
[59] 张宝珍.针型喷嘴结构对射流特性影响的实验研究[D].天津科技大学.2003;15-18
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