锦屏一级水电站左岸基础洞室群开挖对坝头边坡变形及稳定性的影响研究
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摘要
锦屏一级水电站坝区工程地质环境条件复杂、河谷高边坡结构复杂、岸坡浅表生改造强烈,并揭露有深部裂缝发育的破裂特征,其岩石高边坡安全稳定性对于左岸边坡施工期及运营期意义重大。左岸边坡基础洞室群开挖规模大,造成左岸应力重构,并对左岸坝头边坡的支撑岩体有软化作用。本文在概述左岸边坡工程地质条件的基础上,细致研究了左岸坝头边坡的结构特征,进而分析了左岸坝头边坡的变形破坏特征及其机制。在此基础上,采用三维有限元仿真计算软件,对锦屏一级水电站左岸坝头边坡在基础洞室群开挖和洞室群不开挖两种方案下做出敏感性对比分析。主要研究成果如下:
(1)根据前期地勘资料,结合施工期的地质条件复核资料,研究了锦屏一级水电站左岸坝头边坡的岩体结构特征,揭示了原生结构面,如煌斑岩脉(X),和构造结构面,如f5、f8、f42-9的发育特征,并分别阐述了其对边坡变形破坏的边界控制意义。
(2)根据左岸坝头边坡的工程地质环境条件,结合前期勘探和后期复核的工程地质条件、边坡变形破坏特征、以及施工期监测数据,对坝头边坡进行了变形破坏的机制和模式分析,得出“压缩-膨胀-拉裂”的破坏模式。
(3)利用三维弹塑性有限元分析,揭示了左岸坝头边坡挖在基础处理洞室群过程中的应力、变形演化过程及特征。通过对比洞室群开挖及假定不开挖情况下的三维弹塑性有限元分析成果,表明:洞室群的开挖对于f42-9断层下盘变形的影响大于对其上盘变形的影响;对风化卸荷较强的软弱岩体的变形影响大于强度较高的岩体;随开挖进程,洞室群的开挖对坝头边坡变形的影响程度也逐渐降低。
(4)通过对数值型模中特征点变形的追踪分析可见,左岸基础洞室群的开挖对左岸坝头边坡的变形稳定性影响不大,变形收敛;基础洞室群对坝头边坡变形的影响程度一般为总变形的5~14%;影响范围主要分布在f42-9断层附近及其下盘区域。
JinpingⅠHydropower Station dam engineering geological environment is complicated, complex valley slope, slope strongly Epigenetic Reformation, and exposure of the breakdown of deep fractures, and their high rock slope stability for the left slope construction period and operation period of great significance. Left slope based large-scale cavern excavation, resulting in reconstruction of the left bank of the stress, and the support of the left bank abutment rock slope has a softening effect. In this paper, an overview of engineering geological conditions of the left bank, based on careful study of the structural features of the left bank abutment slope, and then analyzes the left bank of the abutment slope deformation and failure characteristics and mechanisms. On this basis, three-dimensional finite element simulation software, on the slope of Jinping Hydropower Station abutment excavation in foundation caverns and caverns under the two schemes do not make the sensitivity of excavation compared. As long as the research results are as follows:
(1)According to preliminary geological survey data, combined with the geological conditions of construction review of data to study the slope of Jinping Hydropower Station abutment structure of the rock, revealing the original structure of surfaces, such as lamprophyre veins (X), and construction structural surface, such as f5, f8, f42-9 in the development characteristics, and were described its slope deformation and failure of border control significance.
( 2 ) According to the left bank abutment slope engineering geological environment, combined with early exploration and later review of the engineering geological conditions, slope deformation and failure characteristics, and construction of monitoring data, carried out on the abutment slope deformation and failure mechanism and mode of analysis, produce the "compression - expansion - crack" failure mode.
(3)Using three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis, revealed the left bank abutment slope dug caverns in the basic process of dealing with the stress, deformation evolution and characteristics. By comparing the caverns excavation and assumes no excavation by three dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis results show that: caverns excavation for the f42-9 footwall deformation is more significant than its effect on the plate deformation ; on weathering unloading strong deformation of the soft rock higher than the rock strength; with the excavation process, caverns excavated slope deformation on the abutment level gradually decreased.
(4)Value Type Modular by tracking feature points of deformation can be seen, the left bank of the basis of caverns excavated on the left bank abutment little effect on the stability of slope deformation, deformation convergence; based chamber group on the abutment slope deformation the general impact of the total deformation of 5 ~ 14%; the affected areas mainly in the f42-9 and its footwall near the fault region.
(1)根据前期地勘资料,结合施工期的地质条件复核资料,研究了锦屏一级水电站左岸坝头边坡的岩体结构特征,揭示了原生结构面,如煌斑岩脉(X),和构造结构面,如f5、f8、f42-9的发育特征,并分别阐述了其对边坡变形破坏的边界控制意义。
(2)根据左岸坝头边坡的工程地质环境条件,结合前期勘探和后期复核的工程地质条件、边坡变形破坏特征、以及施工期监测数据,对坝头边坡进行了变形破坏的机制和模式分析,得出“压缩-膨胀-拉裂”的破坏模式。
(3)利用三维弹塑性有限元分析,揭示了左岸坝头边坡挖在基础处理洞室群过程中的应力、变形演化过程及特征。通过对比洞室群开挖及假定不开挖情况下的三维弹塑性有限元分析成果,表明:洞室群的开挖对于f42-9断层下盘变形的影响大于对其上盘变形的影响;对风化卸荷较强的软弱岩体的变形影响大于强度较高的岩体;随开挖进程,洞室群的开挖对坝头边坡变形的影响程度也逐渐降低。
(4)通过对数值型模中特征点变形的追踪分析可见,左岸基础洞室群的开挖对左岸坝头边坡的变形稳定性影响不大,变形收敛;基础洞室群对坝头边坡变形的影响程度一般为总变形的5~14%;影响范围主要分布在f42-9断层附近及其下盘区域。
JinpingⅠHydropower Station dam engineering geological environment is complicated, complex valley slope, slope strongly Epigenetic Reformation, and exposure of the breakdown of deep fractures, and their high rock slope stability for the left slope construction period and operation period of great significance. Left slope based large-scale cavern excavation, resulting in reconstruction of the left bank of the stress, and the support of the left bank abutment rock slope has a softening effect. In this paper, an overview of engineering geological conditions of the left bank, based on careful study of the structural features of the left bank abutment slope, and then analyzes the left bank of the abutment slope deformation and failure characteristics and mechanisms. On this basis, three-dimensional finite element simulation software, on the slope of Jinping Hydropower Station abutment excavation in foundation caverns and caverns under the two schemes do not make the sensitivity of excavation compared. As long as the research results are as follows:
(1)According to preliminary geological survey data, combined with the geological conditions of construction review of data to study the slope of Jinping Hydropower Station abutment structure of the rock, revealing the original structure of surfaces, such as lamprophyre veins (X), and construction structural surface, such as f5, f8, f42-9 in the development characteristics, and were described its slope deformation and failure of border control significance.
( 2 ) According to the left bank abutment slope engineering geological environment, combined with early exploration and later review of the engineering geological conditions, slope deformation and failure characteristics, and construction of monitoring data, carried out on the abutment slope deformation and failure mechanism and mode of analysis, produce the "compression - expansion - crack" failure mode.
(3)Using three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis, revealed the left bank abutment slope dug caverns in the basic process of dealing with the stress, deformation evolution and characteristics. By comparing the caverns excavation and assumes no excavation by three dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis results show that: caverns excavation for the f42-9 footwall deformation is more significant than its effect on the plate deformation ; on weathering unloading strong deformation of the soft rock higher than the rock strength; with the excavation process, caverns excavated slope deformation on the abutment level gradually decreased.
(4)Value Type Modular by tracking feature points of deformation can be seen, the left bank of the basis of caverns excavated on the left bank abutment little effect on the stability of slope deformation, deformation convergence; based chamber group on the abutment slope deformation the general impact of the total deformation of 5 ~ 14%; the affected areas mainly in the f42-9 and its footwall near the fault region.
引文
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[4]黄润秋,严明,等著.锦屏一级水电站枢纽区工程边坡稳定性及支护对策研究[R].成都理工大学,2005
[5]中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.四川省雅砻江锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡稳定性分析及加固措施研究报告[R].成都:中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院, 2006.7.
[6]王士天,黄润秋,李渝生等著.雅碧江锦屏水电站一重大工程地质问题研究[M].成都科技大学出版社,1998.
[7]严明,黄润秋,徐佩华.某水电站坝前左岸高边坡深部破裂形成机制分析[J].成都理工学院学报,2(X)5,32(6):608-613.
[8]许强,严明,黄润秋.某水电站左岸深裂缝对工程荷载下边坡稳定性影响的FLAC3D分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002, 13(l)
[9]祁生文,伍法权,兰恒星,锦屏一级水电站普斯罗沟左岸深部裂缝成因的工程地质分析[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):596-599.
[10]王兰生等.雅碧江锦屏一级水电站坝址区工程边坡稳定性研究[R].成都理工大学,2003
[11]薛斓国,陈剑平,黄润秋,严明,锦屏一级水电站左坝肩边坡开挖三维有限元分析[J].世界地理,2(X)6, 25(2):116-200.
[12]成都院.大坝左岸边坡及地下洞室稳定分析研究总报告[R].2007
[13] Zienkiewicz O C,Valliappan S,King I P.Stress Analysis of Rock as A‘No-tension’Material. Geotechnique. Vol.18,No;1968,55-56
[14] Zienkiewicz O C,Humphsesson C,Lewis R W.Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics.Getechnique.Vol.4,1975,671-689
[15] Kulhawav F H.Stress And Displacement around Opening,in Homogeneous Rocks,Int.J Rock Mech.Min.SOC.Vol.12.No3 March 1975,43-51
[16] Wittke W.Static Analysis for Underground Openings in Jointed Rock,Numerical Methods in Getechnical Engineering.McGraw-Hill Book Company,1977
[17]朱合华.隧道掘进面时空效应研究[D].同济大学申请博士学位论文,1989
[18]王良,刘元雪等.软弱围岩隧道开挖的有限元模拟[J].重庆工学院学报,2005
[19]胡建明,张永兴.小净距公路隧道施工相互作用的有限元分析.重庆建筑大学学报,2006:68～71
[20]黄文生,张震等.牛湖山大断面公路隧道稳定性数值分析.长沙理工大学学报,2006,(1):6～10
[21]佘健,何川.软弱围岩段隧道施工过程中围岩位移的三维弹塑性数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,(3):623～629
[22]赵阳等.偏压浅埋连拱隧道施工过程的三维数值模拟.中南公路工程,2005,(2):181～184
[23]王明年、何川等.三车道隧道模型试验研究及有限元分析[J].公路,1995,(9)
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