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乔尔·科威尔的生态社会主义思想研究
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摘要
乔尔·科威尔是在中国鲜为人知的美国生态社会主义的重要代表。2001年和2009年,他和法国的迈克尔·洛威(Michael LOwy)合作,先后发布了《生态社会主义宣言》和《贝伦生态社会主义宣言》。2002年,科威尔在其绿色经典著作《自然的敌人:资本主义的终结还是世界的终结》中,指控资本是生态危机的直接原因,鲜明地提出了“资本是自然的敌人”这一著名观点。进而,他通过深刻剖析“自然的控制”这一思想根源,预想了生态社会主义的历史图景:“生产者的自由联合”。本文旨在通过对科威尔有关资本的生态批判进行系统性解读,发掘其中蕴含的的革命型生态社会主义思想,这有利于中国学人和健在的西方生态社会主义思想家们展开学术交流对话,减少隔膜,共同开发人类思想宝库,回应时代课题,携手建设生态文明。
     本文的构建具有严密的逻辑性。遵循马克思主义方法论的基本原则,除导论外,将论文的主体划分为七章:
     第一章主要阐述科威尔生态社会主义思想的人生历程及其生态社会主义思想的理论源泉。全面考察科威尔的学术生涯和政治生涯,准确定位科威尔生态社会主义思想的理论源泉,即:马克思主义、自然哲学、生态女性主义和本体论,并厘清奥康纳与福斯特对科威尔的影响及关系。
     第二章主要阐述科威尔对资本的批判。通过考察共同结构性力量所展示的双重维度的现象:全球性生态危机与社会崩溃性危机,剖析并批判自然的敌人与人类的刽子手:资本,揭示资本的反生态本质与资本主义的癌性增长,从而得出一个马克思主义的科学结论:资本主义世界体制正在历史性地走向崩溃。
     第三章主要阐述科威尔关于控制自然的思想。主要考察生态学与人类自然、自然的性别分歧以及资本与自然的控制。
     第四章主要阐述科威尔关于批判资本主义生态政治学的思想。他主要从批判新亚当·斯密主义和社区经济学等绿色经济学;批判深层生态学、生物区域主义、生态女性主义和社会生态学等生态哲学;批判民主、民粹主义和法西斯主义等三个方面展开批判。
     第五章主要阐述科威尔关于实现生态社会主义路径的思想。其具体内容包括:批判传统社会主义、阐述生态社会主义变革的一般模式、生态社会主义动员的四种类型和生态社会主义政党的建立等等。
     第六章主要阐述科威尔对生态社会主义的预想。其主要观点包括:关于弟兄会团体社区的案例分析、对生态社会主义中使用价值至上和生态中心生产的预想、阐述生态社会主义的建设原则等等。
     第七章主要阐述科威尔生态社会主义思想的历史评价与当代价值。科威尔生态社会主义思想的历史贡献主要在于:深刻批判了资本主义、系统建构了革命型生态社会主义理论、进一步发展了马克思主义。其理论局限主要在于:对资本主义基本矛盾的阐释偏离了马克思主义;对生态社会主义的预想具有绿色乌托邦色彩;对生态社会主义实现路径的设想不一定具有可行性。其当代价值主要在于:科学认识人与自然的关系;充分发挥社会主义的制度优势建设美丽中国、努力实现人与自然的科学发展构建和谐社会。
Jove Kovel is an important representative of American ecosocialism but rarely known by people in China. In2001and2009, he composed and published the Declaration of Ecosocialism and Declaration of Belem Ecosocialism together with Michael LOwy. In2002, Jove Kovel pointed out sharply in his classic green work The Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? that "capital is the enemy of nature". Then he predicted "free association of producers " as the blueprint of ecosocialism by analyzing the ideological roots of "domination of nature" profoundly. This paper aims to explore Jove Kovel's revolutionary ecosocialist ideas inside his works by illustrating his ecocriticism on capital systemically, which is food for us to conduct academic exchanges with western ecosocialist, lower barriers, develop human thoughts, respond to the issue of the epoch and build a conservation culture together.
     This paper, which follows Marxist methodology basic principles, consists of seven chapters in rigorous logic:
     The first chapter mainly discusses the life course of Joel Kovel's ecosocialism and its theoretical sources. This part introduces Joel Kovel's academic career and political career comprehensively, and explains the theoretical sources of Joel Kovel's ecosocialism:Marxism, natural philosophy, eco-feminism and ontology accurately. Moreover, this part also reviews O'Connor and Foster influence on Kovel and their relations.
     The second chapter is about Joel Kovel's ideological criticism on capitalist ecological politics. Through investigating the double dimension phenomena:global ecological crisis and social breakdown, and analyzing the enemy of nature and human's executioner:capital, and revealing capital's anti-ecological core and capitalism' cancerous growth, this part bears an Marxist scientific conclusion:the capitalist world system is historically collapsing.
     The third chapter introduces Joel Kovel's thoughts on the domination of nature. This part mainly explores the ecology and human nature, the gendered bifurcation of nature, and the domination of capital as well as nature.
     The forth chapter deals with Joel Kovel's thought on the criticism of eco-politics. This part follows his threefold criticism on green economics like the new Adam Smith doctrine and community economics, on deep ecology, bioregionalism, eco-feminism and on democracy, populism and fascism.
     The fifth chapter illustrates Joel Kovel's thoughts on the ecosocialist path. In detail, the criticism of traditional socilism, the introduction of the general model of ecosociali st transformation, four instances and patterns of eco-socialist mobilization, the foundation of the ecosocialist party are included.
     The sixth chapter is Joel Kovel's predication on ecosocialism.The main viewpoints in this part are:the case analysis of Bruderhof, the prediction of use value dominates exchange value and ecocentric production in ecosocialism, the elaboration of principles to build ecosocialist society, and so on.
     The seventh chapter assesses the historical contributions and contemporary values of Joel Kovel's ecosocialist ideology. His historical contributions are:the profound criticism on capitalism, the systematic construction of a revolutionary type of ecosocialist theory and further development of Marxism. His theoretical limitations are:the explanation of the basic contradiction of capitalism distracts from the Marxist point, the predication on ecosocialism is something of a green utopia, the imagination of ecosocialist path may be infeasible. Finally, his contemporary values lie in understanding the relationship between human and nature scientifically, bringing the advantages of socialism into full play to create a beautiful China and building a society in which human and nature can develop harmoniously.
引文
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    ① Derek Wall. Preserving the planet means scrapping capitalism [EB/OL]. http://www.feasta.org/documents/review2/enemy-of-nature.htm.
    ① Walden Bello. A must read for thinkers and activists[EB/OL]. http://www.joelkovelorg/offthepress.html.
    ②[澳大利亚]约翰·德赖泽克著,蔺雪春、郭晨星译:地球政治学:环境话语[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:212.
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    ①参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
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    ④ JoelKovel、Michael LOwy. The Belem Ecosocialist Declaration [EB/OL]. http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page id=10,2009.
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    ⑤参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ⑥参考2012年11月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ③[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[Ml.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:37、158、245.
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    ①参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②百度百科.自然哲学[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/155.htm,2013-3-31.
    ③百度百科.热力学第二定律[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/24939.htm,2013-4-18.
    ④百度百科.热力学第二定律[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/24939.htm,2013-4-18.
    ①百度百科.热力学第二定律[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/24939.htm,2013-4-18.
    ②百度百科.进化生物学[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1004562.htm,2013-4-17.
    ③百度百科.进化生物学[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1004562.htm,2013-4-17.
    ① Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London.New York:Zed Books,2007:99-100.
    ②参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ③百度百科.热力学第一定律[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/25098.htm,2013-4-17.其定义为热力系内物质的能量可以传递,其形式可以转换,在转换和传递过程中各种形式能源的总量保持不变。其主要内容为:能量是永恒的,他不会被谁制造出来,也不会被谁消灭。但是热能可以给动能提供动力,而动能还能够再转化成热能。
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    ①徐艳梅.生态学马克思主义研究[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2008:51.
    ②曾文婷.“生态学马克思主义”研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社.2007:69.
    ③俞吾金、陈学明.国外马克思主义哲学流派新编·西方马克思主义卷(下册)[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.2002:575.复旦.大学俞吾余、陈学明教授认为,生态社会主义与生态马克思主义不是同一个概念,前者包含后者,但并不等同于后者。在生态社会主义阵营中,唯有那些带有强烈的马克思主义倾向的人才是生态学马克思主义者。在生态社会主义阵营中,除了一些马克思主义者之外,还有一些其他的生态理论家,如社会民主主义者。笔者也赞同这种观点,据此,综合判断:科威尔既是生态社会主义者,也是生态学马克思主义者。
    ④[加]威廉·赖斯著,岳长龄、李建华译:自然的控制[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2007:79.
    ⑤马克思恩格斯文集:第9卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:276.
    ①参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②[澳大利亚]薇尔·普鲁姆德著,马天杰、李丽丽译.女性主义与对自然的主宰[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2007:1.
    ③百度百科.生态女性主义[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1115943.htm,2012-5-27.
    ④百度百科.生态女性主义[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1115943.htm,2012-5-27.
    ①百度百科.生态女性主义[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1115943.htm,2012-5-27.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:442-443.
    ③百度百科.存在论[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/756116.htm,2012-6-6.
    ④[美]罗尼·利普舒茨著,郭志俊、蔺春雪 译.全球环境政治:权力、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:15.
    ①参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:210.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:210.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:211.
    ④郭剑仁.奥康纳学术共同体和福斯特学术共同体论战的几个焦点问题[J].马克思主义与现实.2011,(5):194.
    ①刘仁胜.生态马克思主义概论[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2007:2-10.
    ②参考2013年1月27日笔者致科威尔的电子邮件。
    ③参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ④参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电了邮件。
    ①刘仁胜.生态马克思主义概论[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2007:2.
    ②参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ③参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ④参考2012年11月2日笔者致科威尔的电子邮件。
    ①参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②参考2012年11月2日笔者致科威尔的电子邮件。
    ③参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ③[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特 著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:172.
    ④时青昊.20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:148-149.一stoffweschel时青昊评介说,福斯特在研究《资本论》时,指出了“物质变换”有两重含义。在德语中,词有两个意思,即“新陈代谢”和“物质变换”。“新陈代谢”表示stoffweschel的自然生态含义;“物质变换”表示stoffweschel的社会经济含义。这两个概念之间存在着明显的区别,在是否符合“归还的规律”的问题上,“新陈代谢”和“物质变换”是对立的。“新陈代谢”符合“归还的规律”,而商品的“物质变换”违背了“归还的规律”,是一种虚假的新陈代谢,因为资本家不断地把剩余价值从工人那里拿走。
    ⑤参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①马克思恩格斯文集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:603.
    ②Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL].http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ③Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL]. http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ④Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL].http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York.Zed Books,2007:13.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature.-the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:13.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第9卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:559.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:14.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:14.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature.-the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:14.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:15.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:161-162.
    ④Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL]. http://ecosocialistnctwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ① Joel Kovel, Against the State of Nuclear Terror[M].South End Press,1984.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:16.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:17.
    ④沈国明主编.21世纪生态文明:环境保护[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2005:38.
    ①[美]罗尼·利普舒茨 著,郭志俊、蔺春雪 译.全球环境政治:权利、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:46.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London, New York.Zed Books,2007:17.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London, New York.Zed Books,2007:18.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:19.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:21.
    ⑥本书编写组.生态文明建设学习读本[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2007:15.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:22-23.
    ②[加]本·阿格尔著,慎之等译:西方马克思主义导论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1991:361.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:23.
    ④[德]乌尔里希·贝克著,何博闻译:风险社会[M].南京:凤凰出版传媒集团,译林出版社,2003:13.
    ⑤[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:30.
    ①参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[Ml.南京:南京大学出版社,2003:(前言)1.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:(前言)2.
    ④ Joel Kovel. History and Spirit: an inquiry into the philosophy of liberation [M]. Boston:Beacon Press,1991:12.
    ⑤参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。笔者的这一猜想得到科威尔本人的证实。笔者问道:“我
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York.Zed Books,2007:vii.
    ② Joel Kovel, Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL].http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:156.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:26.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:27.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:307.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:28.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:28-29.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:28-29.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:29.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:29.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:30.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:30.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:30.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:32-34.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:34.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:35.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:35.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:35-36.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:36.
    ① Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:37.
    ②[秘鲁]赫尔南多·德·索托.资本的秘密[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2005:28-29.
    ③白刚.瓦解资本的逻辑——马克思辩证法的批判本质[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009:103.
    ④马克思恩格斯全集:第30卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:213.
    ⑤马克思恩格斯文集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:877.
    ⑥马克思恩格斯文集:第7卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:922.
    ⑦白刚.瓦解资本的逻辑——马克思辩证法的批判本质[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009:108.
    ①陈宝.资本·现代性·人——马克思资本理论的哲学意蕴及其当代意义[M].合肥:安徽人民出版社,2008:54.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:38.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:871.
    ④白刚.瓦解资本的逻辑——马克思辩证法的批判本质[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009:8.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature.-the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:38.
    ⑥Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:38.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:39.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:39.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:39-40.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:40.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:40.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:40.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:230.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:40.
    ④[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:296.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:41.
    ①戴维·佩珀CDavid Pepper),英国牛津布鲁克斯大学地理系教授,主要研究领域是生态社会主义和环境政治理论,代表著作有:《生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义》、《现代环境主义的根基》、《现代环境主义:导论》、《环境主义:地理学与环境中的批判性概念等》。
    ②[英]戴维·佩珀 著,刘颖译.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:91.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:726.
    ④马克思恩格斯全集:第30卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:297.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:42.
    ②马克思恩格斯文集:第8卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:91.
    ③f德]哈贝马斯.东欧剧变与《共产党宣言》[A].见:俞可平主编.全球化时代的“马克思主义”[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1998:42.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:42.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:43.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:44.
    ②马克思恩格斯全集:第30卷[Ml.北京:人民出版社,1995:297.
    ③马克思恩格斯全集:第21卷[Ml.北京:人民出版社,2003:387.
    ④马克思恩格斯文集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:171.
    ①[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008: 10.
    ②[挪]埃里克·艾格拉德著郇庆治译.作为一种政治选择的“生态公社主义”[A].见郇庆治主编.当
    代西方绿色左翼政治理论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011:218.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:51.
    ①[美]约瑟夫·熊彼特 著,吴良健 译:资本主义、社会主义与民主[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009:144.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature; the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:49-50.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature.-the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:51.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:ed Books,2007:51-52.
    ⑤马克思恩格斯文集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:36.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:52.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:52.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:52.
    ③白刚.瓦解资本的逻辑:马克思辩证法的批判本质[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009:109.
    ④白刚.瓦解资本的逻辑:马克思辩证法的批判本质[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009:109-110.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:53.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:53.
    ② Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:54.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:35.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:55.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:56.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York/Zed Books,2007:60.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:62.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:62.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:62.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:63.
    ⑥ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:63-65.
    ①[美]艾伦·杜宁著;毕聿 译;刘晓君译:多少算够——消费社会与地球的未来[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997:17.
    ①[美]杰里米·里夫金:工作的终结[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1998:18-19.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:68.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:68.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:69.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:69.
    ①马克思恩格斯文集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:32.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:72-73.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第8卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:88.
    ①马克思恩格斯文集:第8卷[Ml.北京:人民出版社,2009:169.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:73.
    ③[美]罗尼·利普舒茨著,郭志俊、蔺春雪 译.全球环境政治:权力、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:127.
    ④[美]罗尼·利普舒茨著,郭志俊、蔺春雪 译.全球环境政治:权力、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:128.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:74.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:75.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:76.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:76-77.
    ④[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:103.
    ⑤[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:318.
    ①[英]戴维·佩珀,刘颖 译.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:出东大学出版社.2012:28.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:81.
    ③ Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL]. http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ④Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL].http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ⑤马克思恩格斯文集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:43.
    ①[美]乔尔·科维尔 著武 烜、刘东锋译刘仁胜校.马克思和生态学[J].马克思主义与现实,2011,(5).199.
    ①[加]威廉·赖斯著,岳长龄、李建华译:自然的控制[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2007:(中译者序)2.
    ②参考2012年11月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ③[加]本·阿格尔著,慎之等译:西方马克思主义概论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1991:420.
    ④[加]威廉·赖斯著,岳长龄、李建华译:自然的控制[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2007:79.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:95.
    ②曾建平.环境哲学的求索[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2004:12.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:33.
    ④[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:33.
    ⑤[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:33.
    ⑥[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:38-39.
    ⑦[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南 京大学出版社,2003:39.
    ①[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003-(前言)1.
    ②[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译刘庸安校.马克思的生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:1.
    ③[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特 著,刘仁胜、肖峰译刘庸安 校.马克思的生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:(前占)ix.
    ④参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:95.
    ②[匈牙利]卢卡奇著,王伟光译.历史与阶级意识[M].北京:华夏出版社,1989:252.
    ③柯尔施著,熊子云、翁延真译.卡尔·马克思[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1993:191.
    ④葛兰西著,葛兰西选集(第2卷)[M].北京:合同出版社,1991:192.
    ⑤施密特著,欧力同、吴仲防译.马克思的自然概念[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988:(序言)2.
    ⑥李世书.生态学马克思主义的自然观研究[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2010:36.
    ⑦[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:9.
    ①[美]唐纳德·沃斯特 著,侯文蕙 译.自然的经济体系:生态思想史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999:13.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪 译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学“出版社,2003:41.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:41.
    ④[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:41.
    ⑤[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:41.
    ⑥Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy.An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL]. http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
    ①Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:96.
    ②[日]岩佐茂著,韩立新、张桂权、刘荣华等译.环境的思想——环境保护与马克思主义的结合处[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2006:5.
    ③刘仁胜..生态马克思主义概论[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2007:126.
    ④ Victoria Neufeldt, Webster's New World College Dictionary,Macmillan,1995:429.
    ①刘仁胜.生态马克思主义概论[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2007:126.
    ②刘仁胜.生态马克思主义发展概况[J].当代世界与社会主义,2006,(3):58.
    ①百度百科.生态学思维[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1810926.htm,2012-3-28.生态学思维是一种新的思维方式,有人称之为有机论思维或群体思维。它是普通系统论创立人贝塔朗菲提出的。他强调,生命不能简单的只作为单个有机体来认识,而要把有机体与环境作为一个整体或系统来考察。因为生命是有机体与环境进行物质和能量交换及信息传输的过程,生物体不能与环境分开,生命是有机体与环境统一的有机整体,生命只是在它与环境相互联系和相互作用的过程才能存在、发展和表现。用这样的观点来思考生命的问题,是生物学家思想模式的变化。运用这种新的思维方式思考与生命现象有关的问题,研究各种生物学过程和关系,是在更深的层次揭示生命过程和关系,有利于认识生命现象的本质。这种思维方式不仅在生物学领域,而且对各类生态系统的认识,包括对人与自然关系的认识,具有普遍方法论的意义,因而成为环境科学最重要的思维模式之一。
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:97.
    ③黄承梁主编.生态文明简明知识读本[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010:258.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:97-98.
    ⑤ The Ten Key Values of the Green Party [EB/OL].http://www.gp.org/tenkey.php
    ①Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:98.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:98.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳 著,唐正东、臧佩洪 译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:63.
    ④百度百科.热力学第一定律[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/25098.htm,2013-4-17.其定义为热力系内物质的能量可以传递,其形式可以转换,在转换和传递过程中各种形式能源的总量保持不变。其主要内容为:能量是永恒的,他不会被谁制造出来,也不会被谁消灭。但是热能可以以给动能提供动力,而动能还能够再转化成热能。
    ⑤[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:172-181.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:99.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world'.' [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:99.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:99.
    ④相空间(phase-space)是一个六维假想空间,其中动量和空间各占三维。每个相格投影到px-x平面上后面积总是h。尽管相格的形状如图所示可能十分任意,但我们可以把它们想象为方的或长方的。系统的相空间通常具有极大的维数,其中每一点代表了包括系统所有细节的整个物理态(系统每个粒了的位置和动量坐标)。作为一个巨大维数的空间,它上面的每个点代表我们考虑的系统全部可能的态。
    ①参考2013年2月13日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②百度百科.热力学第一定律[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/25098.htm,2013-4-17其定义为热力系内物质的能量可以传递,其形式可以转换,在转换和传递过程中各种形式能源的总量保持不变。其主要内容为:能量是永恒的,他不会被谁制造出来,也不会被谁消灭。但是热能可以给动能提供动力,而动能还能够再转化成热能。
    ③[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[Ml.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:172-181.
    ④[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:185.
    ⑤[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译.自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:(前言)2.
    ⑥埃里克·诺伊迈耶(Eric Neumayer),英国可持续性发展专家,现就职于英国伦敦经济政治学院,其代表作为:《强与弱:两种对立的可持续性范式》。
    ①[英]埃里克·诺伊迈耶著,王寅通译.强与弱:两种对的可持续性范式[M]. 上海:上海世纪出版集团,2005:84.
    ②[美]默里.布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:59.
    ③[加]威廉·莱斯著,岳长龄、李建华译;自然的控制[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2007:(序言)8.
    ④[加]威廉·莱斯著,岳长龄、李建华译:自然的控制[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2007: 136.
    ①M·霍克海默:理性的暗淡[M].哥伦比亚:哥伦比亚大学出版社,1947:109.
    ②[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:
    高等教育出版社,2006:204.
    ③查理·达尔文.物种起源[A].见:[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:204-205.
    ④查理·达尔文.物种起源[A].见:[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:206.
    ②[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[Ml.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:208.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第10卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:184.
    ①[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:208-209.
    ②[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:209.
    ③[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:209.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:101.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:101.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:101.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:101.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:101-102.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:102.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:102.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:102.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:102.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:103.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London.New York:Zed Books,2007:103.
    ②百度百科.盖亚假说[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/800264.htm?fromld=260235,2012-4-20.孟亚假说(Gaia hypothesis)足由英国大气学家拉伍洛克(James E.lovelock)在20世纪60年代未提出的。后来经过他和美国生物学家马古利斯(Lynn margulis)共同推进,逐渐受到西方利学界的重视,并对人们的地球观产生着越来越大的影响。同时盖亚假说也成为西方环境保护运动和绿党行动的一个重要的理论基础。盖亚假说至少包含5个层次的含义:一是认为地球上的各种生物有效地调节着大气的温度和化学构成:二是地球上的各种生物体影响生物环境,而环境又反过来影响达尔文的生物进化过程,两者共同进化:三是各种生物与自然界之间主要由负反馈环连接,从而保持地球生态的稳定状态:四是认为大气能保持在稳定状态不仅取决于生物圈,而且在一定意义上为了生物圈;五是认为各种生物调节其物质环境,以便创造各类生物优化的生存条件。前两层被称为弱盖亚学说,后三层为强盖亚学说。
    ③[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:209.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York Zed Books,2007:104.
    ① Joel Ko vel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:104.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:104.
    ③百度百科.赫拉克利特[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/23031.htm,2013-4-5.赫拉克利特(Heraclitus,约公元前530年—前470年)是一位富传奇色彩的哲学家。他出生在伊奥尼亚地区的爱菲斯城邦的王族家庭里。他本来应该继承王位,但是他将王位让给了他的兄弟,自己跑到女神阿尔迪美斯庙附近隐居起来。赫拉克利特有一句名言“人不能两次走进同一条河流”.这句名言的意思是说,河里的水是不断流动的,你这次踏进河,水流走了,你下次踏进河时,又流来的是新水。河水川流不息,所以你不能踏进同一条河流。显然,这句名言是有其特定意义的,并不是指这条河与那条河之间的区别。赫拉克利特主张“万物皆动”,“万物皆流”,这使他成为当时具有朴素辩证法思想的“流动派”的卓越代表。赫拉克利特的这一名言,说明了客观事物是永恒地运动。变化和发展着的这样一个真理。恩格斯曾评价说:“这个原始的、朴素的但实质上正确的世界观是古希腊哲学的世界观,而且是由赫拉克利特第一次明白地表述出来的:一切都存在,同时又不存在,因为一切都在流动,都在不断地变化,不断地产生和消失。”赫拉克利特还认为,事物都是相互转化的。冷变热,热变冷,湿变干,干变湿。他还明确断言:“我们走下而又没有走下同一条河流。我们存在而又不存在。”
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:104.
    ⑤刘湘溶。生态文明论[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1999:35.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:105.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:105.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:105.
    ④孙道进.马克思主义环境哲学研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2008:15.
    ①马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:209.
    ②马克思恩格斯文集:第10卷[Ml.北京:人民出版社,2009:164.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:210.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:105.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:106.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:106.
    ②西方现代资产阶级哲学论著选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982:381-382.
    ③时青吴.20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:134.时青昊指出,在西方的语言中,“人性”和“自然”是同一的。例如,在英语中,nature词既表示“自然”,又表示“人性”:在德语中,natur一词,也同样有着两个意思。只有在需要把“人性”和“自然”有所区分的时候,才会把“人性”称为“人文自然”(human nature)或者“内在自然”(internal nature)而把客观的自然界称为“外在自然”(external nature)。笔者根据科威尔论述的语境及其思想,将human nature翻译为“人类自然”。
    ④百度百科.本质主义[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1510476.htm,2012-9-16.本质主义(Essentialism)在哲学、教育学、以及生理和精神研究领域都被使用。其基本内涵包括:相信任何事物都存在着一个深藏着的唯一的本质,相信本质和现象的区分提供了人类观察万事万物的基本概念图式;把人类认识特别是现代以来所谓科学认识的任务规定为透过现象揭示事物的唯一本质;把揭示事物的唯一本质作为一切知识分子职业身份的内在规定和学术使命。
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:106.
    ①百度百科.种族主义[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/122488.htm,2012-7-23.种族主义(racist)是一种自我中心的态度,认为种族差异决定人类社会历史和文化发展。种族主义可以视作是一个社会问题,经常被政客作为政治工具来使用。种族主义从集合心理学的角度看,可以解释为一种情感上的现象。种族主义以德国纳粹政权为代表,德国纳粹政权视金发碧眼的白种人为最优秀的主宰种族,德国纳粹政权称之为雅利安人(现代称为北欧人种)。
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:107.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:107.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:107.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:108.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:108.
    ④[英]戴维·佩珀 著,刘颖译.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:211.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:108-110.
    ①马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:519.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:111.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:111.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:111.
    ①曾文婷.“生态学马克思主义”研究[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2008:45.
    ②马克思恩格斯文集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:58.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:111-112.
    ④Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:112-113.
    ①百度百科.生态系统[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/24042.htm,2013-4-6.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:113.
    ①Nash. The rights of nature [M]. London:The University of Wisconsin Press,1989:55.
    ②百度百科.信息论[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/15076.htm,2013-4-18.信息论是运用概率论与数理统计的方法研究信息、信息熵、通信系统、数据传输、密码学、数据压缩等问题的应用数学学科。信息论将信息的传递作为一种统计现象来考虑,给出了估算通信信道容量的方法。信息传输和信息压缩是信息论研究中的两大领域。这两个方面又由信息传输定理、信源—信道隔离定理相互联系。香农被称为是“信息论之父”。香农给出了信息熵的定义。
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:114.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:114.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:114.
    ⑥ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:114.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature; the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:115.
    ②廖福林.生态文明建设的理论与实践[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003:18.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:115.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:115.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:116.
    ①[美]罗尼·利普舒茨著,郭志俊、蔺春雪 译.全球环境政治:权力、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:19.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:116.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:116.
    ④[英]戴维·佩珀 著,刘颖译.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:105-106.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:117.
    ⑥Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:117.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Mature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Hooks,2007:117.
    ②余永跃、王治河.永续农业与生态文明[A].见:李惠斌、薛晓源、王治河 主编.生态文明与马克思主义[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2008:116-119.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:117.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:118.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:118.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:118.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:118-119.
    ③[英]杰拉尔德·G·马尔腾著,顾朝林、袁晓辉等译校.人类生态学——可持续发展的基本概念[M].北京:商务印书馆,2012:49.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York Zed Books,2007:120.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:120.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:184.
    ④参考2012年12月10日科威尔致笔者的电了邮件。
    ①Joel Kovel. Ecosocialism,Global Justice,and Climate Change[J].Captitalism Nature Socialism,2008,19 (2):11.
    ②Joel Kovel. Ecosocialism,Global Justice,and Climate Change[J]. Captitalism Nature Socialism,2008,19 (2):11.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [Ml.London,New York:Zed Books,2007:125.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:125.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:126.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:126.
    ②马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:534.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:78.
    ④马克思恩格斯文集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:178.
    ⑤[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:45.
    ⑥[美]默里·布克余著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:45.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:126-127.
    ②马克思恩格斯文集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:821.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:861.
    ④马克思恩格斯文集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:66.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:127.
    ⑥Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:127.
    ①[美]默里·布克金 著,郇庆治 译.自由生态学:等级制的出现消解[M].济南:出东大学出版社,2008:125-126.
    ②[美]默里·布克金 著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:126-127.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:68.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:127.
    ⑤[美]默里.布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:76-77.
    ①[美]默里·布克金 著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:77.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:128.
    ③Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:128.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:128.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:128.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:128.
    ②参考2012年11月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ③[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰 译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:82.
    ④[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,刘仁胜、肖峰译.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:83.
    ⑤[英]戴维·佩珀 著,刘颖译.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:355.
    ⑥[英]戴维·佩珀 著,刘颖译.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:164.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:128-129.
    ②霍克海默、阿尔多诺著,洪佩郁、蔺月峰译.启蒙辩证法[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1990:35.
    ③霍克海默、阿尔多诺著,洪佩郁、蔺月峰译.启蒙辩证法[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1990:177.
    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:129.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:129.
    ⑥Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:129.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:129.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:130.
    ③马克思恩格斯文集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:189.
    ④王沪宁 主编、林尚立、孙关宏副主编.政治的逻辑——马克思主义政治学原理[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2006:97.
    ⑤刘军.国家起源新论——马克思国家起源理论及当代发展[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2008:218.
    ⑥马克思恩格斯全集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2002:149.
    ①[美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特著,耿建兴、宋兴无译.生态危机与资本主义[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2006:76.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:130.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:130.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:131.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature; the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:131.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world.' [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:131.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:131-132.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:132.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:132.
    ⑥Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:132.
    ①李义天.“地区共同体”:生态政治学的典型处方及其问题[A].见:郇庆治.重建现代文明的根基一一生态社会主义研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010:119.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:121.
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    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:122.
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    ④Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London.New York:Zed Books,2007:123.
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    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:123.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:124.
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    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:ZedBooks,2007:153.
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    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:153.
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    ①参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
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    ④百度百科.绿色经济学[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1904642.htm,2012-9-15.绿色经济学是欧美绿党的政治经济思想,涉及环境保护战略。基本观点是强调从根本上改变西方现存的经济模式,从而解决生态危机和资本主义的政治危机。具体设想足,从社会及其生态条件出发,建立种“可承受经济”(sustainable economy),即经济发展足自然环境和人类自身都可以承受的。它不会因为盲目追求生产增长而无法继续发展。这种观点强调,为避免社会因生态危机而崩溃,必须削减工业产量,重新分配财富、土地及其他生产资料,充分利用再生能源,建立一种以“合作”为基础的经济模式。实际上,绿色经济学是主张从政治和经济的统一角度,综合性地解决西方的社会问题与生态问题。在西欧有益定影响。
    ⑤百度百科.生态经济学[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/400212.htm,2010-8-10.生态经济学(ecological economics),是研究生态系统和经济系统的复合系统的结构、功能及其运动规律的学科,即生态经济系统的结构及其矛盾运动发展规律的学科,是生态学和经济学相结合而形成的一门边缘学科。
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    ④[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:
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    ②约翰·德赖泽克(John S· Dryzek),澳大利亚国立大学社会与政治学理论教授,西方生态政治领域中的最权威性学者之一,主要研究领域为生态政治理论和审议民主理论,代表著作有《地球政治学:环境话语》、《资本主义时代的民主》、《审议民主及其超越》和《绿色国家与社会运动:美国、英国、德国和挪威的环境主义》等。
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    ⑤阿恩·奈斯(Arne Naess),1912年出生于奥斯陆。他曾在奥斯陆大学和维也纳大学学习哲学、数学和天文学,24岁时在维也纳大学获博士学位,27岁时(1939年)担任奥斯陆大学哲学系主任,直到1969年,他决定全身心致力于研究和实践深层生态学而主动辞去该职务。1958年,阿恩·奈斯创办了《探索》杂志,并担任主编到1975年。阿恩·奈斯被认为是战后挪威最重要的哲学家和奥斯陆学派的领导人。他因在学术文化领域的重要成就而获得许多奖章,如桑尼奖(Sonning Prize,1977)、甘地奖(1994)和瑞典科学院颁 发的“北欧人奖”(Nordic,1996)。阿恩·奈斯能用多国语言(挪威语、丹麦语、瑞典语、德语和英语)写作。他一生著述颇丰。其代表作主要有《甘地的政治伦理学》(1968)、《生态学、共同体与生活方式:生态哲学纲要》(1976)和《哲学史》(两卷,1980)。据统计,他至少撰写了28本专著、14本合著和200多篇论文。10卷本的《奈斯文集》也在编撰之中。他研究的领域涉及科学哲学、实验语言学、怀疑论、甘地与斯宾诺莎哲学、和平理论、民主理论以及环境哲学。阿恩·奈斯还是一位登山爱好者和旅行家。他是第一个登上今巴基斯坦境内蒂里奇米尔峰(Tirich Mir,海拔7690米)的人,他还攀登过喜马拉雅山,游历过中国的北京、杭州、成都和香港等地。
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    ⑤笔者认为,bioregionalism翻译为“生物区域主义”更为科学,本文以下,均采用或替换为此种译法。
    ⑥[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:442-443.
    ⑦[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:453-454.
    ①[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳 著.唐正东、臧佩洪 译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:464.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳 著,唐正东、臧佩洪 译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:454.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪 译:自然的理出——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:455.
    ④安德鲁·多布森(Anddrew Dobson),英国开放大学政治学教授,主要研究领域是环境政治理论。代表著作有:《绿色政治思想》、《正义与环境:环境可持续性的概念和社会正义的向度》、《公正性和未来性:环境可持续性与社会正义论文集》、《公民权与环境》等。
    ⑤柯克帕特里克·塞尔:土地居住者:一种生物区域观点[M].圣弗兰西斯科希拉俱乐部,1985:56.
    ⑥柯克帕特里克·塞尔:万物之母:生物区域主义简介[A].见S·库玛主编:舒马赫演讲(第2卷)[M].伦敦:布隆德与布里格斯出版社,1984:227.
    ①柯克帕特里克·塞尔:土地居住者:一种生物区域观点[M].圣弗兰西斯科希拉俱乐部,1985:75.
    ②柯克帕特里克·塞尔:土地居住者:一种生物区域观点[M].圣弗兰西斯科希拉俱乐部,1985:62.
    ③柯克帕特里克·塞尔:土地居住者:一种生物区域观点[M].圣弗兰西斯科希拉俱乐部,1985:64.
    ④柯克帕特里克·塞尔:万物之母:生物区域主义简介[A].见S·库玛主编:舒马赫演讲(第2卷)[M].伦敦:布隆德与布里格斯出版社,1984:230.
    ⑤柯克帕特里克·塞尔:土地居住者:一种生物区域观点[M].圣弗兰西斯科希拉俱乐部,1985:74-75.
    ⑥柯克帕特里克·塞尔:土地居住者:一种生物区域观点[M].圣弗兰西斯科希拉俱乐部,1985:91.
    ⑦柯克帕特里克·塞尔:土地居住者:一种生物区域观点[M].圣弗兰西斯科希拉俱乐部,1985:101.
    ⑧[英]安德鲁·多布森著;郇庆治译:绿色政治思想[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:102-103.
    ①柯克帕特里克·塞尔:万物之母:生物区域主义简介[A].见S·库玛 主编:舒马赫演讲(第2卷)[M].伦敦:布降德与布里格斯出版社,1984:233.
    ②[澳大利亚]约翰·德赖洋克 著.蔺雪春、郭晨星 译:地球政治学:环境话语[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:189.
    ③[英]戴维·佩珀 著,刘颖详.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:225.
    ④柯克帕特里克·塞尔:万物之母:生物区域主义简介[A].见S·库玛主编:舒马赫演讲(第2卷)[M].伦敦:布隆德与布里格斯出版社,1984:225.
    ⑤Kirkpatrick Sale. Dwellers in the Land:The Bioregional Vision [M]. San Francisco,Calif:Sierra Club Books,1985.
    ⑥Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:191.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world0 [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:191.
    ② Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:191.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:192.
    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:192-193.
    ①[美]罗尼·利普舒茨著,郭志俊、蔺春雪译.全球环境政治:权力、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012:62.
    ② Kirkpatrick Sale. Dwellers in the land: the Bioregional Vision [M]. San Francisco:Sierra Club Books, 1985:54.
    ③f英]戴维·佩珀.生态乌托邦主义:张力、悖论与矛盾[J].马克思主义与现实,2006, (2).
    ④[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:442-443.
    ⑤笔者将ecofeminism翻译为“生态女性主义”。本文以下,均采用或替换为此种译法。
    ①方刚、罗蔚主编.社会性别与生态研究[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2009:82.
    ②方刚、罗蔚主编.社会性别与生态研究[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2009:78.
    ①方刚、罗蔚主编.社会性别与生态研究[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2009:78.
    ① Ariel Salleh. Ecofeminism as Politics:Nature,Marx,and the Postmodern [M]. London:Zed Books,1997:12-13.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[Ml.南京:南京大学出版社,2003:455.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:456.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:194.
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:194.
    ①[澳大利亚]约翰·德赖泽克 著,蔺雪春、郭晨星 译:地球政治学:环境话语[M].济南:山东大学出版社.2012:209.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳 著,唐正东、 臧佩洪 译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:446-447.
    ③默里·布克金(Murray Bookchin,1921-2006),生前系美国新泽西拉马波学院教授、佛蒙特社会生态学研究所(ISE)创始人,主要研究领域是社会生态学和环境政治理论,代表著作包括:《自由生态学:等级制的出现于消解》、《我们的人工环境》、《后稀缺无政府主义》、《走向一种生态社会》、《城市化的兴起与公民权的衰弱》、《重建社会》和《社会生态学的哲学》等。
    ④李亮、王国聘.社会生态学的谱系比较及发展前瞻[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2008,(3):79.
    ① Murray Bookchin,Whai Is Social Ecology?[A]Michael E.Zimmerman(ed.).Environmental Philosophy[C].New Jersey:Prentic-Hall.Inc.1993:354.
    ②王正平.社会生态学的环境哲学理念及其启示[J].上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(6):2.
    ③王正平.社会生态学的环境哲学理念及其启示[J].上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(6):2.
    ④[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:10.
    ⑤[美]詹妮特·比尔、默雷·布克钦著,李亮译.美国环境哲学的两种对立思潮——社会生态学与深生态学的六个重要议题[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2009,9(9):7.
    ①Murray Bookchin,what Is Social Ecology?[A]Michael E.Zimmerman(ed.).Environmental Philosoph[C].New Jersey:Prentic-Hall,Inc.1993:375.
    ②[美]詹妮特·比尔、默雷·布克钦著,李亮译.美国环境哲学的两种对立思潮——社会生态学与深生态学的六个重要议题[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2009,9(9):8.
    ③[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:49-50.
    ④[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:442-443.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:195.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:195.
    ③[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:(译者说明)1.
    ④郇庆治.21世纪以来的西方绿色左翼政治理论[A].见:郇庆治.当代西方绿色左翼政治理论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011:20.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:196.
    ⑥[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:(1991年版导言)5.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:196.
    ②[美]默里·布克金 著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:(1991年版导言)12.
    ③[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:(1991年版导言)12.
    ④[美]默里·布克金著,郇庆治译.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:(1991年版导言)21.
    ⑤ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Boods,2007:196.
    ⑥ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:196.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York.Zed Books,2007:196-197.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:448.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:197.
    ④ John Clark. Introduction of Social Ecology,Michael E. Environmental Philosophy,New Jersey: Prentic-Hall.Hall.Inc.,1993:350.
    ⑤徐觉哉:社会主义流派史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2007:82.
    ⑥ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:197.
    ①[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:448.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:197.
    ③刘仁胜.生态马克思主义概论[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2007:98.
    ④[美]罗尼·利普舒茨著,郭志俊、蔺春雪 译.全球环境政治:权力、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.59.
    ①[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东、臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:257.
    ①刘京希.政治生态论——政治发展的生态学考察[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2007:323.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:199.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York.Zed Books,2007:200.
    ②刘京希.政治生态论——政治发展的生态学考察[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2007:327.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:200.
    ④刘京希.政治生态论——政治发展的生态学考察[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2007:328.
    ①孙来斌:“跨越论”与落后国家经济发展道路[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006:69.
    ②民粹主义[EB/OL].http://baike.so.com/doc/3288068.html
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:197.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:202.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:203.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:203.
    ②法西斯主义[EB/OL].http://baike.so.com/doc/3698413.html
    ①法西斯主义[EB/OL].http://baike.so.com/doc/3698413.html法西斯主义与纳粹主义之间的关系一直是学术界争论的议题。虽然现代一般认为纳粹主义是由法西斯主义衍生的一种分支,但一些人仍主张纳粹主义并非法西斯主义,要不是因为两者之间差异过大,便是因为他们认为法西斯主义不能作为一种通称来形容。纳粹主义与法西斯主义的主要差异之一在于,纳粹主义强调国家的目的是为了达成那些于根其民族和种族的理念,尤其是在社会工程的文化上,纳粹主义强调以牺牲其它所有种族来达成德国民族的繁荣。相较之下,墨索里尼的法西斯主义则认为文化因素应该替国家服务,国家不需替某些特定的种族服务。法西斯主义的政府目标是为了将国家的地位置于所有其它事物之上,因此法西斯主义可以说是一种强调政府中央集权至上的理论。而纳粹强调的则是“民族”(Volk)和“民族共同体”(Volksgemeinschaft)。纳粹主义认为政府和政党都只是用以达成某些特定人民的理想的工具,而法西斯主义则是明确地反社会主义的中央集权主义形式。纳粹的运动—至少在其意识形态上,则认为以阶级为根基的社会是不可取的,并且希望跨越这种既有的阶级社会,团结所有阶级的种族成分。社团主义国家的中心思想的确是精英政治。不过,法西斯主义的根基很大一部分也是来自于社团主义,而社团主义则被认为是取代阶级斗争的产物。
    ②Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:204.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:204.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London, New York:Zed Books,2007:205.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:206.
    ①[德]汉斯·萨克斯 著.生态哲学[M].北京:东方出版社,1991:199.
    ② Laferricrc E and Stoett P J. International Relations Theory and Lcological Thought:towards a synthesis [M]. London Zed Books,1999:60.69.
    ③萨拉·萨卡(Saral Sarkar),1936年出生于印度的西孟加拉,自1982年起,移居联邦德国的科隆市。此后,他积极参与了德国的生态环境运动与绿党政治,并在随后发表了大量关于绿色与选择性政治的著述,其中包括《西德的绿色政治选择》(1993/1994)、《生态社会主义还是生态资本主义》(1997),从而逐渐成为当代欧洲生态社会主义理论的代表性学者之。
    ④[印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还是生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:1.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:217-218.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the-world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:218.
    ③ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:218.
    ④马克思恩格斯文集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:53.
    ⑤Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:218.
    ①Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:219.
    ②[印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还足生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:6.
    ③[印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还是生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:7-8.
    ④[印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还是生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:7.
    ⑤[印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还是生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008: 29.
    ①[印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还是生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:29.
    ②顾海良主编.斯大林社会主义思想研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008:178.
    ①Joel Kovel.Enemy of Nature,the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M].London,New York:Zed Books,2007:222.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:223.
    ①刘增惠.马克思主义生态思想及实践研究[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2010:123-124.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:226.
    ②[印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还是生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008:340.
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    ① Joel Kovel、Michael LOwy. An Ecosocialist Manifesto [EB/OL].http://ecosocialistnetwork.org/?page_id=10, 2001-9.
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    ①参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
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    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:243.
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    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:246.
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    ②参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
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    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:210.
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    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:211.
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    ④ Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York.Zed Books,2007:211.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:212.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:213.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London,New York:Zed Books,2007:213.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature: the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:214.
    ③Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:214.
    ① Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:215.
    ② Joel Kovel. Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007:215.
    ①隋秀英.奥康纳与科沃尔生态社会主义思想比较研究[J].当代世界与社会主义,2011(4).
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    ①[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳 著,唐正东 臧佩洪 译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:260.
    ②[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳著,唐正东 臧佩洪译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[Ml.南京:南京大学出版社,2003:265-266.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳 著,唐正东 臧佩洪 译:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:525-526.
    ①Joel Kovel. The struggle for use value:Thoughts about the transition [J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2000 (2):3.
    ② Joel Kovel. The struggle for use value:Thoughts about the transition [J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2000 (2):4.
    ③[美]詹姆斯·奥康纳 著,唐正东 臧佩洪:自然的理由——生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:486.科威尔指出他采用了奥康纳的术语。奥康纳这样来给生产条件下定义:“它并不是作为商品,并根据价值规律或市场力量而生产出来的,但却被资本当成商品来对待的所有东西。自然、城市空间与基础设施、社区以及劳动力无疑使符合这个定义的。”
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    ⑤Joel Kovel. The struggle for use value:Thoughts about the transition [J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2000 (2):5.
    ⑥ Joel Kovel. The struggle for use value:Thoughts about the transition [J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2000 (2):6.
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    ①参考2013年1月26日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ②参考2012年11月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
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    ②笔者认为,实际上作为北美生态社会主义的重要代表和福斯特学术共同体的领军人物,美国的保罗·伯克特(Paul Burkett)在其绿色经典《马克思与自然——一种红色和绿色的视角》(1999)中,开创了对资本主义社会生态批判的第五个维度:政治经济学维度的生态批判。随着国内学术界对生态社会主义前沿的跟踪研究和学术对话,这些理论考察视阈必将与时俱进。
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    ③参考2012年11月2日笔者致科威尔的电子邮件。
    ④参考2012年11月10日科威尔致笔者的电子邮件。
    ①实际上,我国学术界已涌现出许多研究道教与生态学的专著,例如,乐爱国的《道教生态学》(2005)、蒋朝君的《道教生态伦理思想研究》(2006)、白才儒的《道教生态思想的现代解读——两汉魏晋南北朝道教研究》(2007)、王素芬的《顺物自然——生态语境下的庄学研究》(2011)等等。他们注意到:众多国外学者如英国历史学家汤因比、哲学家巴特兰.罗素、生态伦理先驱史怀泽、存在主义代表海德格尔、德国生态神学家莫尔特曼、生态伦理学家霍尔姆斯·罗尔斯顿等人在讨论和解决生态问题或建构生态理论体系时,经常会到东方文化尤其是道家、道教文化中区寻求启迪。科威尔也是在这种西方学术大背景的熏陶下重视道教生态智慧的。
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    [111]余维海.生态危机的困境与消解——当代马克思主义生态学表达[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2012.
    [1][联邦德国]A·施密特著,欧力同、吴仲昉 译,赵鑫珊校.马克思的自然概念[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988.
    [2][美]芭芭拉·沃德、勒内·杜博斯著《国外公害丛书》编委会译校.只有一个地球——对一个小小星球的关怀和维护[M].长春:吉林人民出版社, 1997.
    [3][美]艾伦·杜宁 著,毕聿 译刘晓君 校.多少算够——消费社会与地球的未来[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997.
    [4][美]霍尔姆斯·罗尔斯顿Ⅲ 著,刘耳、叶平译.哲学走向荒野[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2000.
    [5]艾尔弗雷德·W·克罗斯比 著,许友民、徐学征 译,林纪焘 审校.生态扩张主义:欧洲900-1900年的生态扩张[M].沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,2001.
    [6][德]乌尔里希·贝克 著,何博闻 译.风险社会[M].南京:凤凰出版传媒集团、译林出版社,2003.
    [7][英]阿列克斯咔利尼科斯 著,罗汉、孙宁、黄悦 译.反资本主义宣言[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团,2005.
    [8][德]裴迪南·.穆勒-罗密尔托马斯.波谷特克 主编,郇庆治 译.欧洲执政绿党[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2005.
    [9][日]岩佐茂 著;韩立新、张桂权、刘荣华等 译.环境的思想——环境保护与马克思主义的结合处[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2006.
    [10][美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特 著,刘仁胜、肖峰译, 刘庸安 校.马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
    [11][美]大卫·哈维 著,胡大平 译.希望的空间[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2006.
    [12][美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特 著,耿建新、宋兴无译.生态危机与资本主义[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2006.
    [13][英]埃里克·诺伊迈耶 著,王寅通 译.强与弱:两种对立的可持续性范式[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团、上海译文出版社,2006.
    [14][英]简·汉考克 著,李隼 译.环境人权:权力、伦理与法律[M].重庆:重庆出版集团重庆出版社,2007.
    [15][澳大利亚]薇尔·普鲁姆德著,马天杰、李丽丽译.女性主义与对自然的主宰[M].重庆:重庆出版集团,重庆出版社,2007.
    [16][加]威廉·莱斯著,岳长岭、李建华译.自然的控制[M].重庆:重庆出版集团、重庆出版社,2007.
    [17][美]默里·布克金著郇庆治著.自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008.
    [18][法]让·鲍德里亚著,刘成富、全志刚译.消费社会[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2008.
    [19][印]萨拉·萨卡著,张淑兰译.生态社会主义还是生态资本主义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2008.
    [20][美]赫伯特·马尔库塞著,刘继译.单向度的人:发达工业社会意识形态研究[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团、上海译文出版社,2008.
    [21][俄]A·H·科斯京著,胡谷明徐邦俊毛志文张磊译,刘再起审校.生态政治学与全球学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2008.
    [22][美]亨利·戴维·.梭罗著,李暮译.瓦尔登湖(中英文)[M].上海:上海三联书店,2008.
    [23][英]佩里·安德森著,袁银传、曹荣湘等译.思想的谱系——西方思潮左与右[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
    [24][美]奥尔多·利奥波德著,郭丹妮 译.沙乡年鉴[M].长春:北方妇女儿童出版社,2011.
    [25][美]蕾切尔·卡森著,吕瑞兰 李长生译.寂静的春天[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2011.
    [26][德]李比希著刘更令 李三虎译.李比希文选[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011.
    [27][英]乔纳森·休斯著, 张晓琼 侯晓滨译, 铁省林校.生态与历史唯物 主义[M].南京:凤凰出版传媒集团江苏人民出版社,2011.
    [28][英]杰拉尔德·G·马尔腾著顾朝林袁晓辉等译校.人类生态学——可持续发展的基本概念[M].北京:商务印书馆,2012.
    [29][英]戴维·佩珀 著,刘颖 译.生态社会主义:从深生态学到社会正义[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [30][希]塔基斯·福托鲍洛斯 著,李宏 译.当代多重危机与包容性民主[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [31][英]安德鲁·多布森著,郇庆治 译.绿色政治思想[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [32][英]克里斯托弗·卢茨主编,徐凯 译.西方环境运动:地方、国家和全球向度[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [33][澳]罗宾·艾克斯利著,郇庆治 译.绿色国家:重思民主与主权[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [34][英]马克·史密斯、皮亚·庞萨帕 著,侯艳芳、杨晓燕 译.环境与公民权:整合正义、责任与公民参与[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [35][澳]约翰·德赖泽克著,蔺雪春、郭晨星 译.地球政治学:环境话语[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [36][德]马丁·耶内克、克劳斯·雅各布 主编,李慧明、李昕蕾 译.全球视野下的环境管治:生态与政治现代化的新方法[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [37][美]罗尼·利普舒茨 著,郭志俊、蔺春雪 译.全球环境政治:权力、观点和实践[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.
    [1]Jose Barchilon, Joel Kovel. Huckleberry Finn:a psychoanalytic study [M].1966.
    [2]Joel Kovel. White rock:a psychohistory[M]. Pantheon Books,1970.
    [3]Joel Kovel. White racism:a psychohistory Vintage political science and social criticism[M]. Pantheon Books,1970.
    [4]Joel Kovel. The age of desire:reflections of a radical psychoanalyst [M]. Pantheon Books,1981.
    [5]Joel Kovel. White racism:a psychohistory[M]. Columbia University Press,1984.
    [6]Joel Kovel. Against the state of nuclear terror [M]. South End Press,1984.
    [7]Ian Reinecke, Max Charlesworth, Joel Kovel, Deakin University. School of Humanities. Open Campus Program, The technocratic image of human existence: study guide Images of human existence, Deakin University,1987.
    [5]Joel Kovel. White racism:a psychohistory [M]. Free Association Books,1988.
    [6]Joel Kovel. The radical spirit:essays on psychoanalysis and society [M]. Free Association,1988.
    [7]Joel Kovel. In Nicaragua[M]. Free Association,1988.
    [8]Joel Kovel. History and spirit:an inquiry into the philosophy of liberation Politics, Culture and Society Series [M]. Beacon Press,1991.
    [9]Joel Kovel. Red hunting in the promised land:anticommunism and the making of America Cassell Global Issues Series, Global Issues Series [M]. Cassell,1997.
    [10]Jane Franklin, John Gerassi, Joel Kovel, Len Weinglass. Defend Cuba and the Cuban five:a panel at New York University Law School [M]. National Lawyers Guild,2003.
    [11]Joel Kovel. Overcoming Zionism:creating a single democratic state in Israel/Palestine[M]. Pluto,2007.
    [12]Joel Kovel. The Enemy of Nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world? [M]. London, New York:Zed Books,2007.
    [13]Source Wikipedia, Books. LLC, Anti-Globalization Activists:Jose Bove, Jello Biafra, Joel Kovel, Thom Yorke. Medea Benjamin. Carol Brouillet. Yehuda Hakohen. Diederik Samsom. General Books LLC.2010.
    [14]Source Wikipedia. Books. LLC. Writers on Zionism:Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Alan Dershowitz, Norman Finkelstein. Joel Kovel, Theodor Herzl, Gilad Atzmon. Gideon Levy, General Books LLC,2010.
    [15]General Books LLC, Source Wikipedia, Books, LLC, Green Thinkers:Thomas Robert Malthus, Petra Kelly, Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Murray Bookchin, Al Gore, Norman Borlaug, Joel Kovel, General Books LLC,2010.
    [16]Source Wikipedia, Books, LLC,Anti-Corporate Activists:Ani Difranco, Ralph Nader, Naomi Klein, Judi Bari, Ian Mackaye, Dennis Kucinich, Joel Kovel, Michael Parenti, General Books LLC,2010.
    [17]General Books LLC, Source Wikipedia, Books, LLC, American Marxists:Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, John Reed, Gus Hall, Joel Kovel, Christopher Hitchens, Theodore W. Allen, Fred Newman, General Books LLC,2010.
    [18]Source Wikipedia, Books, LLC, Bard College Faculty:Alfred Jules Ayer, Saul Bellow, Jacob Neusner, Ralph Ellison, Chinua Achebe, Joel Kovel, Orhan Pamuk, John Ashbery, General Books LLC,2010.
    [19]General Books LLC,Green Party Politicians:Ralph Nader, Jello Biafra, Winona Laduke, Cynthia Mckinney, Joel Kovel, Matt Gonzalez, Medea Benjamin, General Books LLC,2010.
    [20]Ian Angus,Simon Butler,Betsy Hartmann,Joel Kovel, Too Many People?: Population, Immigration, and the Environmental Crisis,2011.
    [21]Source:Wikipedia, New York Greens:Joel Kovel, Howie Hawkins, Reverend Billy and the Church of Life After Shopping, Al Lewis, David Mcreynolds, Malachy Mccourt, General Books LLC,2011.
    [22]Raya Dunayevskaya. Marxism and Freedom.form 1776 until today [M]. humanity books,2000.
    [1]余维海.克沃尔的生态社会主义理论初探[J].南昌航空大学学报,2010,(3).
    [2]余维海.批判与重建:论克沃尔的生态社会主义[J].华东交通大学大学学报,2010.(4).
    [3]陈永森.克沃尔对资本反生态的思考[J].国外社会科学,2010,(6).
    [4]陈永森.人的解放与自然的解放——克沃尔对生态社会主义的预想[J].福建师范大学学报,2012,(2).
    [5]隋秀英.奥康纳与克沃尔生态社会主义思想比较研究[J].当代世界与社会主义,2011,(4).
    [6][美]乔尔·科威尔著,武烜,刘东锋译.马克思与生态学[J].马克思主义与现实,2011,(5).
    [7]郭文芬.克沃尔的生态社会主义思想研究[D].福建师范大学,2009.
    [8]王雨辰、郭剑仁.北美生态学马克思主义对历史唯物主义的重构[J].学术月刊,2006,(4).
    [9]郭剑仁.探寻生态危机的社会根源——美国生态学马克思主义及其内部争论析评[J].马克思主义研究,2007,(10).
    [10]郭剑仁.奥康纳学术共同体和福斯特学术共同体论战的几个焦点问题[J].马克思主义与现实,2011,(5).
    [11]郭剑仁、鲁绍臣.马克思生态世界观的现代意义——“马克思主义与生态文明国际会议”综述[J].教学与研究,2011,(5).
    [12]李垣、马得林.生态社会主义:全球生态危机的解决方案——从《生态社会主义宣言》谈起[J].理论月刊,2012,(8).
    [13][美]乔尔·科威尔、[法]迈克尔.洛威著聂长久译.贝伦生态社会主义宣言[J].当代世界社会主义问题,2010,104(2).
    [14]聂长久、张敏.悖论中的两难选择——评《贝伦生态社会主义宣言》[J].社会主义研究,2010,192(4).
    [15]隋秀英.奥康纳与克沃尔生态社会主义思想比较研究[J].当代世界与社会主义,2011,(4).
    [16]鲁长安.《1844年经济学哲学手稿》生态文明理论探微[J].黄冈职业技术学院学报,2009,(4).
    [17]鲁长安.我国生态文明建设中面临的问题及其对策研究[D].武汉:中共湖北省委党校,2010.
    [18]鲁长安.我国休闲经济生态化的发展路径探析[J].党政干部论坛,2011,(8).
    [19]魏强、鲁长安.马克思恩格斯需要范畴的意蕴探析——从解读《德意志意识形态》出发[J].湖北社会科学,2012,(7).
    [20]鲁长安.革命型生态社会主义者乔尔·科威尔对资本的生态批判及其启示[J].湖北行政学院学报,2013,(2).
    [21]鲁长安.从自然的理由到自然的敌人——奥康纳与科威尔的生态社会主义思想比较研究[J].学校党建与思想教育,2013,(3)中旬.
    [22]鲁长安等.中国特色社会主义生态治理之路[J].学习月刊,2013,(3)上.
    [1]Kinloch,Graham C. White Racism:A Psychohistory[J]. Contemporary Sociology,1974,13 (1)
    [2]Joel Kovel,OVERVIEW OF THE PSYCHOTHERAPIES-edited by Gene Usdin, M.D; Brunner-Mazel, New York City,1975,204 pages [J]. Hosp Community Psychiatry,1975,26 (12)
    [3]Joel Kovel.The Marxist View of Man and Psychoanalysis [J]. Social Research,1976,143 (2)
    [4]Joel Kovel. Robert Coles's Fate [J]. Nation,1976,223 (9)
    [5]Abrams, William.A Complete Guide to Therapy (Book) [J]. Library Journal,1976,101(13)
    [6]Christian Beels, A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THERAPY:FROM PSYCHOANALYSIS TO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION-by Joel Kovel, M.D; Pantheon, New York City,1976,284 pages LJ]. Hospital & Community Psychiatry,1977,128 (3)
    [7]James C. Hurst. A Complete Guide to Therapy:From Psychoanalysis to Behavior Modification/Evaluation of Psychological Therapies (Book) [J]. Personnel and Guidance Journal,1977,56 (3)
    [8]Joel Kovel.Othello [J]. American Imago,1978,35 (1-2)
    [9]Joel Kovel. Things and words: Metapsychology and the historical point of view [J]. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought,1978,1 (1)
    [10]Heilbrunn, Gert.A Complete Guide to Therapy (Book Review) [J]. American Journal of Psychotherapy,1978,32 (1)
    [11]Joel Kovel. Was Freud Right? [J]. Sciences,1978,18 (1)
    [12]Peterson, Corinna. A complete guide to therapy, from psychoanalysis to behaviour modification (Book) [J]. Journal of Analytical Psychology,1979.24 (1)
    [13]Joel Kovel.The Psychological Society/The Myth of Psychotherapy/Mind Control (Book Review) [J]. Sciences,1979,19 (1)
    [14]Kloss, Robert J. Psychodynamic Speculations on Derogatory Names for Blacks [J]. Journal of Black Psychology,1919,5 (2)
    [15]Joel Kovel. Psycho-Dabble [J]. Sciences.1979,19 (9)
    [16]Joel Kovel. Thought police [J]. the Sciences January,1979,19(9)
    [17]Joel Kovel. Mind and state in ancient Greece[J]. Dialectical Anthropology 1981,5 (4).
    [18]Joel Kovel. Mystifications of the Couch[J]. Nation,1981,233 (7)
    [19]Joel Kovel. Driving Out the Middle Ground [J]. Nation,1981,232 (20)
    [20]Joel Kovel. Review[J]. Dialectical Anthropology,1982,6 (4)
    [21]Flores, Ralph.The Age of Desire (Book) [J]. Library Journal,1982,107 (5).
    [22]Joel Kovel. Marx on the Jewish question [J]. Dialectical Anthropology,1983,8 (1-2).
    [23]Chankin, Donald 0. THE AGE OF DESIRE:REFLECTIONS OF A RADICAL PSYCHOANALYST by Joel Kovel (Book Review) [J]. Psychoanalytic Review,1983,70 (4)
    [24]Joel Kovel. From Reich to Marcuse[J]. Social Text,1984. (9-10).
    [25]Mack, John E. Against the State of Nuclear Terror (Book) [J]. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,1984,40 (5).
    [26]Joel Kovel. Marxism:an American Christian perspective.-book reviews [J]. Monthly Review,1985.
    [27]Joel Kovel.The Vatican strikes back-against the challenge of liberation theology [J]. Monthly Review,1985.
    [28]HOWARD, MICHAEL W.Joel Kovel. Against the State of Nuclear Terror (Book Review) [J]. Technology and Culture,1985,26 (2).
    [29]Joel Kovel. The rise and fall of the Bulgarian connection.-book reviews[J]. Monthly Review,1986.
    [30]Joel Kovel. The pitfalls of psychologism [J]. Monthly Review,1986.
    [31]Joel Kovel.Class, power, and the state [J]. Monthly Review,1986.
    [32]Joel Kovel. Marx, Freud and the problem of materialism[J]. Dialectical Anthropology,1986,10 (3-4).
    [33]Joel Kovel. M·D·Delusion:Internal Dimensions of Political Life-by James M. Glass; University of Chicago Press, Chicago,1985,272 pages [J]. Hosp Community Psychiatry,1986,37 (1).
    [34]C·George Caffentzis. Review: Power and Terror in Bomb Philosophy:A Review of Joel Kovel's Against the State of Nuclear Terror [J]. Social Text,1988, (19-20).
    [35]Joel Kovel ·Two spiritual revolutionaries-Miguel Marmol, James Carney [J]. Monthly Review,1989,40 (8).
    [36]Joel Kovel. The embracing vision of Joseph Needham[J]. Science as Culture,1989,1 (5).
    [37]Joel Kovel. Reply to Caffentzis [J]. Social Text,1989, (22).
    [38]Paul Buhle. Marx and/or Freud:Joel Kovel and psychoanalytic theory [J]. Monthly Review,1990.
    [39]David Ames Curtis. Joel Kovel, In Nicaragua (London, Free Association Books,1988 [J]. Thesis Eleven,1990,27 (1)
    [40]David H · Wittenberg;Michael P. Sipoira;Sarah Dubin-Vaughn;Kirk J. Schneider. Book review [J]. The Humanistic Psychologist,1990,18 (3).
    [41]Joel Kovel,The "Terrorism" Industry.-book reviews Monthly Review,1991.
    [42]Joel Kovel. The Manufacture of Terrorism-- The "Terrorism" Industry by Edward Herman and Gerry O'Sullivan[J]. Monthly Review,1991,43 (6).
    [43]Recent Arrivals--History and Spirit:An Inquiry into the Philosophy of Liberation by Joel Kovel [J]. The Christian Century,1991.108 (31).
    [44]Joel Kovel. The Invasion of America.-book reviews [J]. Monthly Review,1992.
    [45]Joel Kovel. Naming and conquest- Columbus and the New World Order 1492-1992[J]. Monthly Review,1992,44 (3).
    [46]Joel Kovel. Colonial Encounters.-book reviews [J]. Monthly Review,1992.
    [47]Pinsker, Sanford. Civilization and its remedies-- In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology and the Survival of the Indian Nations by Jerry Mander/History and Spirit: An Inquiry into the Philosophy of Liberation by Joel Kovel [J]. The Georgia Review,1992,46 (3).
    [48]Andrew Feenberg;Joel Kovel;Douglas Kellner;C. Fred Alford. Commentaries [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1992,3 (3).
    [49]Anderson W H Locke.The Power of Things Not Seen -- History and Spirit:An Inquiry into the Philosophy of Liberation by Joel Kovel [J]. Monthly Review,1992,43 (9).
    [50]Fabio Giovannini;Graciela Malgesini;LauraCorradi;David Sonnenfeld;Joel Kovel. Reviews [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1993,4(1).
    [51]Gwyn Kirk;Brian Morris;Joel Kovel;Ted Benton. Reviews[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1993,4 (2).
    [52]Joel Kovel,Masochist to sadist:"Torture me" Sadist to masochist: "No"--Sadomasochism in Everyday Life:The Dynamics of Power and Powerlessness by Lynn S. Chancer[J]. Tikkun,1993,8(6)
    [53]Gerry O'Sullivan. Mythmaking in the promised land; an interview with Joel Kovel- Interview [J]. The Humanist,1994,54 (5)
    [54]William A. Reuben. A serious flaw in Kovel- response to W. H. Locke Anderson's review of Joel Kovel's book'Red Hunting in the Promised Land', [J]. Monthly Review,1994,46 (7).
    [55]Joel Kovel.The spiritual roots of Marxism --Marxism and Spirituality:An International Anthology, edited by Benjamin Page,-book reviews[J]. Monthly Review,1994,45 (9).
    [56]Joel Kovel. A response to W.H. Locke Anderson-reviewer of Joel Kovel's book 'Red Hunting in the Promised Land'[J]. Monthly Review,1994.
    [57]Joel Kovel. Remembering Ralph Miliband-socialist intellectual[J] . Monthly Review,1994,46(4).
    [58]Anderson W H Locke. The Terrors of the dark--Red Hunting in the Promised Land by Joel Kovel [J]. Monthly Review,1994,46 (1).
    [59]Joel Kovel. Freudianism and its discontents:A reply to Eli Zaretsky [J]. Tikkun,1994,9 (3).
    [60]Joel Kovel. Red green politics in the United States? [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1994,5 (4).
    [61]Joel Kovel.Review of Psychoanalytic-Marxism:Groundwork[J]. Psychoanalytic Psychology,1994,11 (4).
    [62]Klehr Harvey. After the fall-- Red Hunting in the Promised Land: Anticommunism and the Making of America by Joel Kovel Commentary(Book Review) [J].1994, (5).
    [63]Knoll, Erwin. How the left was lost [J]. Progressive,1994,58 (10)
    [64]Joel Kovel. Strategy for conquest-The Colonizer's Model of the World by J. M. Blaut.-book reviews [J]. Monthly Review,1995,47 (7).
    [65]Joel Kovel. Commentary on Beyond Liberation and Moralist or Therapist? [J].Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology,1995,2 (1).
    [66]Neather, Andrew E. Twentieth-century communism and anticommunism:The view after the Cold War --The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Americans in the Spanish Civil War by Peter N. Carroll/Red Hunting in the Promised Land by Joel Kovel [J]. Reviews in American History,1995,23 (2)
    [67]Smith Allen.Book reviews:Red Hunting in the Promised Land: Anticommunism and the Making of America(Book) by Joel Kovel [J]. Labor History,1995,36 (3).
    [68]Goldstein Kovel, Joel "Red Hunting in the Promised Land:Anticommunism and the Making of America" (Book Review) [J]. Perspectives on Political Science,1995,24 (3).
    [69]Joel Kovel. Ecological Marxism and dialectic[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1995,6 (4).
    [70]Books-Red Hunting in the Promised Land:Anticommunism and the Making of America by Joel Kovel [J]. The Christian Century,1995,112 (14).
    [71]Joel Kovel. Dispatches from the Science Wars[J]. Social Text.1996, (46-47).
    [72]Joel Kovel. Writings for a Liberation Psychology.-book reviews [J]. Monthly Review,1996.48 (4).
    [73]Ripmaster, Terence;Bowwers, Robert D.;Klem, Thomas;Cate, Shannon L.;Kinkead, Bob;Levi, Lawrence;Kovel, Joel;Kazin, Michael;MacQueen, Don;Lockwood, Tom;Nebenzahl, David;Giuseppe, Josheph diLetters [J]. Nation 1996,262 (10)
    [74]Joel Kovel. The enemy of nature-capitalism [J]. Monthly Review,1997.
    [75]Joel Kovel. Beyond Capital.-book reviews [J]. Monthly Review,1997,49 (6)
    [76]Joel Kovel. Negating Bookchin[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1997,8 (1).
    [77]Joel Kovel. Istvan Meszaros' Beyond Capital[J]. Monthly Review,1997,48 (10)
    [78]Joel Kovel.The Spectre Redefined[J]. Socialism and Democracy,1998,12 (1-2).
    [79]Joel Kovel;John Barry;Tim Stroshane;Robert Gordon;Maarten de Kadt;George Martin;Penn Loh. Book reviews [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1998,9 (1).
    [80]Joel Kovel. Dialect as praxis [J]. Science and Society,1998,62 (3).
    [81]Joel Kovel. The Conscious Mind[J]. Science and Society,1998-1999,62 (4).
    [82]Joel Kove 1. Poetry After the Holocaust [J]. Dialectical Anthropology,1999,24 (3-4).
    [83]Joel Kovel.Victor Wallis,House organ[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1999,10(1).
    [84]Harriet Friedmann; Joel Kovel. Book reviews[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1999,10 (2).
    [85]Joel Kovel,The justifiers:A critique of Julian Simon, Stephan Schmidheiny, and Paul Hawken; on capitalism and nature [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,1999,10 (3)
    [86]Joel Kovel; Vincent, Kenneth L. The Limits Of Populism:Building An Ecological Society [J]. Canadian Dimension,2000,34 (3).
    [87]Joel Kovel. Alain Lipietz and the crisis of political ecology[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2000,11(2).
    [88]Joel Kovel.The struggle for use value:Thoughts about the transition [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2000,11 (2)
    [89]Joel Kovel. A Materialism Worthy of Nature [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2001,12(2).
    [90]Joel Kovel. Bush's Energy Crisis, Nature and Capital Accumulation:The Fossils Seize Power[J]. Against the Current,2001,XVI (4)
    [91]Joel Kovel. The Lessons of the Community of Brethren[J].Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2001,12 (4).
    [92]Joel Kovel. September 11:Ground Work[J]. Tikkun,2002,17 (1).
    [93]Joel Kovel.The Yo-Yo Theory of Just War [J]. Tikkun,2002,17 (2).
    [94]Joel Kovel. The Question of the Millennium[J]. Tikkun,2002,17 (3).
    [95]Joel Kovel. Passage in India[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2002,13 (4).13
    [96]Joel Kovel. Dying in America[J]. Tikkun,2002,17 (4).
    [97]Walt Contreras Sheasby. The Enemy of Nature:The End of Capitalism or the End of the World[J]. Organization and Environment,2002,15 (4).
    [98]Joel Kovel. Zionism's Bad Conscience [J]. Tikkun,2002,17 (5).
    [99]Nardini, Robert F. The Enemy of Nature (Book) [J]. Library Journal,2002 127 (9).
    [100]Smith, Jeremy. The Enemy of Nature (Book)[J]. Ecologist,2002-2003,32 (10).
    [101]Warnock, John W. Joel Kovel:capitalism as The Enemy of Nature (Book Review[J]. Canadian Dimension,2003.
    [102]Joel Kovel. The Dialectic of Radical Ecologies [J].Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2003,1.
    [103]Joel Kovel. In the Realm of the Double Standard[J]. Tikkun,2003,1.
    [104]Tokar, Brian. The Enemy of Nature [J]. Tikkun,2003,1.
    [105]Wall, Derek. The Enemy of Nature [J]. Environmental Politics,2003,1.
    [106]Joel Kovel. Racism and Ecology[J]. Socialism and Democracy,2003,1.
    [107]David Johns;Joel Kovel;Michael Lwy. Has Ecosocialism Passed on the Tough Questions? [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2003,2.
    [108]Richard Landes. The question of rationality; A response to Joel Kovel [J]. Tikkun,2003,3.
    [109]Viorst Milton. Beyond Redemption? A Response to Joel Kovel[J]. Tikkun 2003,3.
    [110]Susannah Heschel. Whither the Zionist dream?; A response to Joel Kovel [J].Tikkun,2003,3.
    [111]Joel Kovel.Anti-Semitism on the Left and the Special Status of Israel[J]. Tikkun,2003,3.
    [112]Moser, Susanne C. The Enemy of Nature:The end of Capitalism or the End of the World? (Book) [J]. Global Environmental Politics,2003,3.
    [113]Joel Kovel. Reply to Boucher, Schwartzman, Zara and Caplan [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2003,3
    [114]George Snedeke. The Enemy of Nature:The End of Capitalism or the End of the World? (Book) [J]. Science and Society,2003-2004,4.
    [115]Joel Kovel.House Organ [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,,2004,4
    [116]K. H. von Kaufinann. Book review:The enemy of nature:the end of capitalism or the end of the world[J]. Futures,2004,3.
    [117]Joel Kovel. In Memorium:Walt Contreras Sheasby[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2004,4.
    [118]Joel Kovel. Progress and its Discontents[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2004,4.
    [119]Maria Mies;Joel Kovel. An interview with Maria Mies[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2004,4.
    [120]Joel Kovel. A Comrade and Friend; Honoring Walt Sheasby [J]. Against the Current,2004,5.
    [121]Kovel,Joel;Buhle,Paul;Paul,Ronald;Holland,EugeneW.;Kontos,Louis;Michael,J ohn;Berger,Dan;Stainsby,Macdonald;Solomon,Mark;Williams,Ian;Elbaum, Max;Smith, Michael Steven.Book reviews [J].Socialism and Democracy,2005,1.
    [122]Joel Kovel. house organ[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2005,1
    [123]Joel Kovel. Hope for Life's Future? [J]. Against the Current,2005,2
    [124]Joel Kovel. Thinking the Unthinkable [J]. Socialism and Democracy,2005,2
    [125]Joel Kovel. The ecofeminist ground of ecosocialism [J].Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2005,2.
    [126]Olivier,Bert.Nature, Capitalism, and the Future of Humankind[J]. South African Journal of Philosophy,2005,2.
    [127]Joel Kovel. Letters To the Editor [J]. Tikkun,2005,3.
    [128]Goldsmith, Teddy; Joel Kovel. An interview with teddy goldsmith at the world social forum [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2005,3.
    [129]Roberts, Joe;Roberts, Sheila;Brown, Lorne. Friend to Nature, Enemy of Capitalism A CD Salute to Jack Warnock[J]. Canadian Dimension,2005,6
    [130]Joel Kovel. Zionism and Empire [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2006,4.
    [131]Joel Kovel. Ave atque Vale, Fidel [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2007,1
    [132]David Finkel. Overcoming Zionism:Creating a Single Democratic State in Israel/Palestine [J]. Against the Current,2007,2.
    [133]Joel Kovel. Grace Paley and the Dark Lives of Women [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2007,4.
    [134]Joel Kovel. What Is Ecosocialism? [J]. Canadian Dimension,2007,6.
    [135]Joel Kovel. SYMPOSIUM:THE LEG A CY OF MURRA Y BOOKCHIN Editor's Introduction [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2008,1.
    [136]David Finkel. A Rejoinder to Joel Kovel:Dialogue on Overcoming Zionism [J]. Against the Current,2008,1
    [137]Joel Kovel. The EIN[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2008,1.
    [138]Najjab, Jamal. Overcoming Zionism [J]. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs,2008,1.
    [139]Najjab, Jamal. Overcoming Zionism at Busboys[J]. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs,2008,3.
    [140]Joel Kovel. All Aboard for Copenhagen! [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 2008,2
    [141]Joel Kovel. Ecosocialism, Global Justice, and Climate Change[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2008,2.
    [142]Joel Kovel. Overcoming Zionism:Creating a Single Democratic State in Israel/Palestine [J]. Arab Studies Quarterly,2008,3.
    [143]Joel Kovel.A Speech That Didn't Get Delivered[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2008,3.
    [144]Joel Kovel. Liberties and Commons for All[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2008,3.
    [145]Abourezk, James G. One State for Palestinians and Jews in Palestine [J]. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs,2008,4.
    [146]Joel Kovel. A Reply on Overcoming Zionism [J]. Against the Current,2008,6.
    [147]Joel Kovel. The Obama Phenomenon[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2009 1.
    [148]Joel Kovel. Statement of Joel Kovel regarding his Termination by Bard College [J]. Psychotherapy and Politics International.2009,2.
    [149]Joel Kovel. Mearsheimer and Walt Revisited[J]. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology,2009,2.
    [150]Schweickart,David. Is Sustainable Capitalism an Oxymoron? [J]. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology,2009,2.
    [151]Joel Kovel. The World According to Carlos Slim[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2009,3.
    [152]Joel Kovel.The Worst of Times [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2009,4
    [153]Schweickart,David.A New Capitalism-or a New World? [J]. World Watch,2009,5.
    [154]Joel Kovel. END TIMES IN COPENHAGE[J]. Canadian Dimension,2009,6.
    [155]Joel Kovel. U.S. IMPERIALISM [J]. Journal of Palestine Studies,2010,1
    [156]Joel Kovel,Wilhelm Reich. A Harbinger of 'Ecosocialism?' An Introduction to Bennett [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2010,1
    [157]Joel Kovel. A Conference That Will Live In Infamy [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism.2010,1.
    [158Joel Kovel. From the Archeology of the Future [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism.2010.2.
    [159]Joel Kovel. Dark Satanic Mills:William Blake and the Critique of War [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2010.2.
    [160]Joel Kovel. Suffering a Sea-change [J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism.2010,3.
    [161]Joel Kovel. Reply to Bennett[J]. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2010,4.
    [162]Joel Kovel. Imperial Blues [J].,Capitalism, Nature, Socialism,2010,4.
    [163]Joel Kovel. WikiLeaks Forever [J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2011,1.
    [164]Joel Kovel. On Marx and Ecology [J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2011,1
    [165]Joel Kovel. An Announcement [J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2011,2.
    [166]Joel Kovel. A Gathering Storm[J]. Capitalism Nature Socialism,2011,4.
    [1]http://www joelkovel.com/
    [2]http://www.cnsjournal.org/
    [3]Green Left:www.greenleftblog.blogspot.com
    [4]Synthesis/Regeneration:www.greens.org/s-r
    [5]Green Left Weekly:www.greenleft.org.au
    [6]Ecosocialism in Greece:www.ecosocialists.webs.com
    [7]Ecosocialism in Turkey:www.yesilvesol.org/www.ekolojistler.org
    [8]Lucha Indigena:www.luchaindigena.com
    [9]Ecological Marxism (Argentina):www.marxismoecologico.blogspot.com
    [10]Ecological Internet:www.ecologicalinternet.org
    [11]Climate Justice:www.climate-justice-action.org
    [12]Climate and Capitalism:www.climateandcapitalism.com
    [13]Intercontinental Cry:www.intercontinentalcry.org
    [14]Ecosocialist International Network:www.ecosocialistnetwork.org
    [15]Real Climate:www.realclimate.org
    [16]Post-Capitalist Project:www.postcapitalistproject.org
    [17]Capitalism Nature Socialism:www.cnsjournal.org
    [18]Monthly Review:www.monthlyreview.org
    [19]Indigenous Environmental Network:www.ienearth.org
    [20]Central website of Green Parties:www.globalgreens.org/parties
    [21]Socialist Resistance:www.socialistresistance.org
    [22]Nordic Green Left:www.guengl.eu
    [23]Ecosocialist Initiative (Germany):www.oekosozialismus.net
    [24]Ecological Left (Germany):www.oekologische-linke.de
    [25]German Left Party:www.oekologischeplattform.de
    [26]La Gauche (Swiss Ecosocialist party):www.la-gauche.ch
    [27]The Romanian Ecosocialist Party:www.ecorom.webs.com
    [28]Ecorise (Italy):www.ecorise.org
    [29]New Socialist Group (Canada):www.newsocialist.org
    [30]Quebec Solidaire (Quebec):www.quebecsolidaire.net
    [31]Aidesep (Peru):www.aidesep.org.pe
    [32]Landless Workers' Movement (MST) (Brazil):www.mstbrazil.org
    [33]La Via Campesina(International):www.viacampesina.org
    [34]Labor for Sustainability (USA):www.labor4sustainability.org

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