装备系统测试性需求分析技术研究
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摘要
装备测试性设计是提高装备测试与诊断能力、降低全寿命周期费用的关键,是提高装备的可用性、战备完好性和任务成功性的重要途径。测试性需求分析(Testability Requirement Analysis)是指根据装备系统的使用要求和约束条件,明确装备的测试性设计要求内容和确定测试性指标的过程,是开展测试性工程的基础和首要环节。由于缺乏科学、合理的测试性需求分析理论、模型和方法,目前复杂装备系统测试性工作存在着测试性需求不明确、指标要求不合理、需求分析和指标确定凭经验等问题,影响着测试性工程的应用与发展。
本文从系统的角度,重点对测试性需求影响因素分析、建模、指标体系和指标确定等理论与技术进行深入研究。其主要研究内容与结论如下:
1.装备系统测试性需求影响因素分析
在分析测试性需求内涵的基础上,从系统工程的角度分析给出了全系统全寿命周期的测试性需求影响因素;重点分析了装备系统任务要求、功能结构要求、可靠性要求、维修保障要求、性能要求和可利用/可达技术等对测试性需求的影响;面向任务需求,定量分析了可用度和任务成功率等性能指标对测试性需求和指标确定的影响,为开展测试性需求分析和确定测试性指标奠定基础。
2.装备测试性指标体系构建技术研究
首先进行测试性参数分析和优化选择,给出关键的测试性指标集合;然后提出面向系统结构、任务阶段和工程阶段的三维综合测试性指标体系,分析指标体系中指标的传播过程、指标体系选择方法和指标确定流程,明确测试性需求分析输出的测试性指标体系,理清论证部门、设计部门和使用部门相应的测试性指标体系及指标要求之间的关联关系。
3.基于UML-GSPN的测试性需求信息建模技术研究
提出基于统一建模语言(Unified Modeling Language,UML)和广义随机Petri网(Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets,GSPN)相结合的测试性需求信息建模方法(UML-GSPN)。首先提出面向测试性需求的UML-GSPN集成建模过程,构建基于UML的测试性需求信息描述模型,有效地将自然语言描述的测试性需求影响因素统一到一个信息模型框架下;在此基础上提出测试性需求信息的UML模型到GSPN的转换方法,实现测试性需求信息非形式化描述到形式化描述的转变,从而为分析求解测试性需求和确定测试性指标要求奠定基础。
4.装备测试性需求分析建模与指标确定方法研究
(1)首先提出基于广义随机Petri网(Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets,GSPN)的一般系统测试性需求分析模型和指标确定方法,解决了装备系统测试性指标科学合理确定的问题;然后针对具有下一层级的测试需求、维修保障等更多的需求信息及系统上下层需求之间存在关联关系的情况,提出基于GSPN的多层级测试性需求分析模型,采用分层模型将整个GSPN自顶向下逐步分解为多个压缩子网,利用等效变迁法则,以定性分析与定量计算相结合的方法,逐步分析求解各层级测试性指标要求。该方法获得的系统及各层级测试性指标更加科学合理,为复杂装备的测试性需求分析和指标确定提供一种新的更加科学和有效的方法。
(2)针对复杂装备系统具有多阶段任务性、多状态变迁的特点,提出基于确定与随机Petri网(Deterministic and Stochastic Petri Net,DSPN)的多阶段任务系统(Phased-Mission System,PMS)测试性需求分析模型,采用阶段网(PhN)和系统网(SN)有效描述多阶段任务的系统状态测试性需求信息,并提出阶段任务间状态转换模型,将系统性能要求和阶段任务需求有机结合,通过对DSPN模型进行分析求解,在满足系统性能要求和相关约束下,确定装备系统测试性指标;最后通过案例验证该方法的有效性。
5.方法验证与工程应用
以导弹为研究对象,通过获取和输入测试性需求影响因素,建立基于UML-GSPN的测试性需求模型,采用本文提出的测试性指标确定方法分别确定多阶段任务指标体系、系统层指标体系、分系统层指标体系,最后构成导弹系统的综合测试性指标体系。结果表明本文所提测试性需求和指标确定思路和方法的可行性、合理性和有效性。
总之,论文通过理清测试性需求分析影响因素和指标参数体系,建立了基于UML-GSPN的测试性需求描述模型,在此基础上建立了一套测试性需求参数指标确定方法,科学地解决了目前测试性需求分析无从下手的工程技术难题,具有重要的学术和工程实际应用价值。
Design for testability (DFT) is a key technique to improve equipment test and diagnosis capability and to decrease life cycle cost (LCC). DFT can also enhance the equipment availability, combat readiness and mission success. As the basis and key stage of testability engineering, testability requirement analysis is the process of confirming testability design content and determining testability indices, according to the operation requirements and constrains. Due to the lack of theory, model and method for testability requirement analysis, there are some significant problems in DFT of complex equipments, such as testability requirements uncertainty, testability indices irrationality, testability requirements and indices empiricism, which influence the application and development of testability engineering.
In this dissertation, it is deeply researched the theories and techniques of testability requirement influencing factors analysis, modeling, indices architecture and indices determination. The main contents and conclusions are as follows.
1.Analysis on the influence factors of testability requirement for equipment. Firstly, the testability requirement influencing factors for whole system and life cycle are analyzed with the analysis of testability requirement essence. Then, the factors of system requirement, which influence testability requirement, are analyzed, such as mission requirement, functional requirement, reliability requirement, maintenance and support requirement, system performance requirement and usable and reachable technology. Finally, the effect of availability and mission success probability on testability requirement and indices determination is analyzed quantitatively, it establishes the foundation for testability requirement analysis and indices determination.
2.Study on the construction technique for testability indices architecture.
Firstly the key testability indices set is gained with testability parameters analysis and selection optimization. Secondly it is set up the three-dimensional synthetically testability indices architecture for system structure, mission pattern and project phase. Then with the analysis of the propagation process, indices architecture selection and indices determining process, the output testability indices architecture of testability requirement analysis is designated. Finally it is clarified the relationship among testability indices architecture and indices requirement for demonstration department, design department and users.
3.Study on the testability requirement information modeling technology based on UML-GSPN.
The testability requirement information modeling method is proposed based on combination of unified modeling language (UML) and Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN). It proposes the UML-GSPN integration modeling method for testability requirement information, and sets up the testability requirement information description model based on UML, which can effectively unify the natural language described testability requirement influencing factors with an information model framework. Base on the previous models, the transition method from UML model to GSPN is put forward to make the testability information transform from non-formalized mode to formalized mode, which establishes the foundation of testability indices requirement.
4.Study on the testability requirement modeling and indices determination method.
(1) Firstly, it is proposed the normal testability requirement analysis model and indices determination method based on GSPN, which can determine system testability indices reasonable. Secondly, for system has requirement informations of its sub-level and the requirement informations between different levels are relevant, the multi-level testability requirement analysis model is built up. Then, the whole GSPN is decomposed into multi-reduced subnets. Finally, based on the equivalent transition principle, testability indices requirements of each level are analyzed and solved step by step, with combination method of qualitative analysis and quantitative computation. The results indicate that the testability indices about system level and other levels are more scientific and reasonable. This method is novel and effective for complex equipment testability analysis and indices determination.
(2) Aiming at the multi-phased missions and multi-state transitions in complex equipment, it is proposed a phased-mission system (PMS) testability requirement analysis model based on deterministic and stochastic Petri net (DSPN), which can effectively describe multi-phased mission and system state information about testability requirement by phased net (PhN)and system net (SN). It is built up a transition model between phased mission state, which combines system performance requirement and phased mission requirement effectively. By analyzing the DSPN model, the system level testability indices are determined, which satisfy the system performance requirement and relative constrains. Finally, the application results demonstrate the validity of the method.
5.Method validation and engineering application.
The application in a missile system validates the efficiency of the presented methods. The testability requirement model based on UML-GSPN is constructed by collecting and inputting the testability requirement influencing factors. Then it is respectively determined multi-phase mission system indices architecture, system level indices architecture and sub-system level indices architecture. Finally the synthetically testability indices architecture of missile system is constructed. The results show that the testability requirement analysis and indices determination method is feasible and reasonable.
In summary, testability requirement influencing factors and indices architecture are clarified in the paper, and testability requirement description model is built up based on UML-GSPN. Based on the previous research, a method of testability indices determination is set up to solve the testability requirement analysis problem effectively. These researches have some academic and practical significance.
本文从系统的角度,重点对测试性需求影响因素分析、建模、指标体系和指标确定等理论与技术进行深入研究。其主要研究内容与结论如下:
1.装备系统测试性需求影响因素分析
在分析测试性需求内涵的基础上,从系统工程的角度分析给出了全系统全寿命周期的测试性需求影响因素;重点分析了装备系统任务要求、功能结构要求、可靠性要求、维修保障要求、性能要求和可利用/可达技术等对测试性需求的影响;面向任务需求,定量分析了可用度和任务成功率等性能指标对测试性需求和指标确定的影响,为开展测试性需求分析和确定测试性指标奠定基础。
2.装备测试性指标体系构建技术研究
首先进行测试性参数分析和优化选择,给出关键的测试性指标集合;然后提出面向系统结构、任务阶段和工程阶段的三维综合测试性指标体系,分析指标体系中指标的传播过程、指标体系选择方法和指标确定流程,明确测试性需求分析输出的测试性指标体系,理清论证部门、设计部门和使用部门相应的测试性指标体系及指标要求之间的关联关系。
3.基于UML-GSPN的测试性需求信息建模技术研究
提出基于统一建模语言(Unified Modeling Language,UML)和广义随机Petri网(Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets,GSPN)相结合的测试性需求信息建模方法(UML-GSPN)。首先提出面向测试性需求的UML-GSPN集成建模过程,构建基于UML的测试性需求信息描述模型,有效地将自然语言描述的测试性需求影响因素统一到一个信息模型框架下;在此基础上提出测试性需求信息的UML模型到GSPN的转换方法,实现测试性需求信息非形式化描述到形式化描述的转变,从而为分析求解测试性需求和确定测试性指标要求奠定基础。
4.装备测试性需求分析建模与指标确定方法研究
(1)首先提出基于广义随机Petri网(Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets,GSPN)的一般系统测试性需求分析模型和指标确定方法,解决了装备系统测试性指标科学合理确定的问题;然后针对具有下一层级的测试需求、维修保障等更多的需求信息及系统上下层需求之间存在关联关系的情况,提出基于GSPN的多层级测试性需求分析模型,采用分层模型将整个GSPN自顶向下逐步分解为多个压缩子网,利用等效变迁法则,以定性分析与定量计算相结合的方法,逐步分析求解各层级测试性指标要求。该方法获得的系统及各层级测试性指标更加科学合理,为复杂装备的测试性需求分析和指标确定提供一种新的更加科学和有效的方法。
(2)针对复杂装备系统具有多阶段任务性、多状态变迁的特点,提出基于确定与随机Petri网(Deterministic and Stochastic Petri Net,DSPN)的多阶段任务系统(Phased-Mission System,PMS)测试性需求分析模型,采用阶段网(PhN)和系统网(SN)有效描述多阶段任务的系统状态测试性需求信息,并提出阶段任务间状态转换模型,将系统性能要求和阶段任务需求有机结合,通过对DSPN模型进行分析求解,在满足系统性能要求和相关约束下,确定装备系统测试性指标;最后通过案例验证该方法的有效性。
5.方法验证与工程应用
以导弹为研究对象,通过获取和输入测试性需求影响因素,建立基于UML-GSPN的测试性需求模型,采用本文提出的测试性指标确定方法分别确定多阶段任务指标体系、系统层指标体系、分系统层指标体系,最后构成导弹系统的综合测试性指标体系。结果表明本文所提测试性需求和指标确定思路和方法的可行性、合理性和有效性。
总之,论文通过理清测试性需求分析影响因素和指标参数体系,建立了基于UML-GSPN的测试性需求描述模型,在此基础上建立了一套测试性需求参数指标确定方法,科学地解决了目前测试性需求分析无从下手的工程技术难题,具有重要的学术和工程实际应用价值。
Design for testability (DFT) is a key technique to improve equipment test and diagnosis capability and to decrease life cycle cost (LCC). DFT can also enhance the equipment availability, combat readiness and mission success. As the basis and key stage of testability engineering, testability requirement analysis is the process of confirming testability design content and determining testability indices, according to the operation requirements and constrains. Due to the lack of theory, model and method for testability requirement analysis, there are some significant problems in DFT of complex equipments, such as testability requirements uncertainty, testability indices irrationality, testability requirements and indices empiricism, which influence the application and development of testability engineering.
In this dissertation, it is deeply researched the theories and techniques of testability requirement influencing factors analysis, modeling, indices architecture and indices determination. The main contents and conclusions are as follows.
1.Analysis on the influence factors of testability requirement for equipment. Firstly, the testability requirement influencing factors for whole system and life cycle are analyzed with the analysis of testability requirement essence. Then, the factors of system requirement, which influence testability requirement, are analyzed, such as mission requirement, functional requirement, reliability requirement, maintenance and support requirement, system performance requirement and usable and reachable technology. Finally, the effect of availability and mission success probability on testability requirement and indices determination is analyzed quantitatively, it establishes the foundation for testability requirement analysis and indices determination.
2.Study on the construction technique for testability indices architecture.
Firstly the key testability indices set is gained with testability parameters analysis and selection optimization. Secondly it is set up the three-dimensional synthetically testability indices architecture for system structure, mission pattern and project phase. Then with the analysis of the propagation process, indices architecture selection and indices determining process, the output testability indices architecture of testability requirement analysis is designated. Finally it is clarified the relationship among testability indices architecture and indices requirement for demonstration department, design department and users.
3.Study on the testability requirement information modeling technology based on UML-GSPN.
The testability requirement information modeling method is proposed based on combination of unified modeling language (UML) and Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN). It proposes the UML-GSPN integration modeling method for testability requirement information, and sets up the testability requirement information description model based on UML, which can effectively unify the natural language described testability requirement influencing factors with an information model framework. Base on the previous models, the transition method from UML model to GSPN is put forward to make the testability information transform from non-formalized mode to formalized mode, which establishes the foundation of testability indices requirement.
4.Study on the testability requirement modeling and indices determination method.
(1) Firstly, it is proposed the normal testability requirement analysis model and indices determination method based on GSPN, which can determine system testability indices reasonable. Secondly, for system has requirement informations of its sub-level and the requirement informations between different levels are relevant, the multi-level testability requirement analysis model is built up. Then, the whole GSPN is decomposed into multi-reduced subnets. Finally, based on the equivalent transition principle, testability indices requirements of each level are analyzed and solved step by step, with combination method of qualitative analysis and quantitative computation. The results indicate that the testability indices about system level and other levels are more scientific and reasonable. This method is novel and effective for complex equipment testability analysis and indices determination.
(2) Aiming at the multi-phased missions and multi-state transitions in complex equipment, it is proposed a phased-mission system (PMS) testability requirement analysis model based on deterministic and stochastic Petri net (DSPN), which can effectively describe multi-phased mission and system state information about testability requirement by phased net (PhN)and system net (SN). It is built up a transition model between phased mission state, which combines system performance requirement and phased mission requirement effectively. By analyzing the DSPN model, the system level testability indices are determined, which satisfy the system performance requirement and relative constrains. Finally, the application results demonstrate the validity of the method.
5.Method validation and engineering application.
The application in a missile system validates the efficiency of the presented methods. The testability requirement model based on UML-GSPN is constructed by collecting and inputting the testability requirement influencing factors. Then it is respectively determined multi-phase mission system indices architecture, system level indices architecture and sub-system level indices architecture. Finally the synthetically testability indices architecture of missile system is constructed. The results show that the testability requirement analysis and indices determination method is feasible and reasonable.
In summary, testability requirement influencing factors and indices architecture are clarified in the paper, and testability requirement description model is built up based on UML-GSPN. Based on the previous research, a method of testability indices determination is set up to solve the testability requirement analysis problem effectively. These researches have some academic and practical significance.
引文
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