半导体金属氧化物纳米材料的固相合成及其气敏性能的研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的发展,工业、交通、家庭等越来越多地使用各种气体原料、燃料,并不断产生着各种易燃、易爆或有毒气体,对气敏传感器的需求越来越大,对其质量要求也越来越高。这些需求推动了了半导体气敏传感器的快速发展。纳米材料是20世纪80年代发展起来的一种具有全新结构的材料,因其具有独特的性质以及潜在的应用前景引起了人们广泛的关注,特别是气敏材料纳米化已成为材料科学研究领域的热点之一。现有制备氧化物纳米材料的方法往往需要较多的步骤、较高的温度、特殊的仪器、苛刻的实验条件。本论文采用简单方便的室温固相反应法和低热固相化学反应法制备了一系列氧化物及复合氧化物的纳米材料。同时,对所制备的纳米材料的气敏性质作了初步的研究。本论文主体部分分为三部分:
第一章以锌盐和氢氧化钠为原料,利用室温固相化学反应一步合成了一系列ZnO纳米粒子,并在加入表面活性剂CTAB及适当反应条件下制备了一系列ZnO纳米棒。借助X-射线衍射确定了样品的组成,并通过透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了样品的形貌。气敏性能结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子的气敏性能优于ZnO纳米棒。本章还讨论了利用醋酸锌与草酸在低热条件下固相反应合成ZnO前驱化合物,通过不同配比的稀土化合物五氧化二钽,La(acac)3?2H2O,Ce(acac)3?2H2O和Nd(acac)3?3H2O对ZnO前驱化合物混合掺杂,进而热分解制得掺杂纳米ZnO气敏材料。气敏性能结果表明,以固相前驱体法将稀土化合物适量混合掺杂进ZnO气敏材料,气敏性能表现出最佳工作温度低、对C2H5OH气体的选择性和灵敏度都有明显增加的优势。
第二章利用不同的反应物,采用一步室温固相化学反应法和两步固相化学反应法分别合成了纳米SnO2,利用X-射线衍射对产物的组成进行了表征,并
Up to now, most commercial applied semiconductor gas sensors were made from ceramics. Since 1990, with the development in Micro-Electronics, Automatization and Computer Science et al, it is believed that the miniaturization, integration and multi-function will be the development trends in gas sensors. The gas sensing efficiency of the material depends on its micro-structural properties which are related to its method of preparation, which plays a very important role with regard to the chemical, structural and properties of nanomaterials. These reported methods for preparing oxide nanomatrials usually require multi-step, higher temperature, special apparatus and rigorous conditions. In this paper, a series of nanomaterials were prepared by simple and convenient low-heating solid-state chemical reaction methods with suitable conditions of experiment. In this paper, the main content is divided into three chapters:
In the first chapter, ZnO nanoparticles and nanorods were prepared by one-step solid-state chemical reaction of zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide under the suitable experiment’s conditions. The compositions of samples were determined by XRD and TG-DTA. The sphere-like or rod-like morphology of samples were observed by TEM and SEM. The gas sensing properties of ZnO were studied by HW-30A. Results show that the gas sensing properties of ZnO nanoparticles were better than gas sensing properties of ZnO nanorods, ZnO nanoparticles doped with and without Nd2O3 and Ce2O3 were prepared by solid-state synthesis. Crystal structure and microstructure of nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The sensitivity of the materials was investigated at different operating temperatures to ethanol, acetone, LPG, ammonia and hydrogen. The results show that the sensitivity
第一章以锌盐和氢氧化钠为原料,利用室温固相化学反应一步合成了一系列ZnO纳米粒子,并在加入表面活性剂CTAB及适当反应条件下制备了一系列ZnO纳米棒。借助X-射线衍射确定了样品的组成,并通过透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了样品的形貌。气敏性能结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子的气敏性能优于ZnO纳米棒。本章还讨论了利用醋酸锌与草酸在低热条件下固相反应合成ZnO前驱化合物,通过不同配比的稀土化合物五氧化二钽,La(acac)3?2H2O,Ce(acac)3?2H2O和Nd(acac)3?3H2O对ZnO前驱化合物混合掺杂,进而热分解制得掺杂纳米ZnO气敏材料。气敏性能结果表明,以固相前驱体法将稀土化合物适量混合掺杂进ZnO气敏材料,气敏性能表现出最佳工作温度低、对C2H5OH气体的选择性和灵敏度都有明显增加的优势。
第二章利用不同的反应物,采用一步室温固相化学反应法和两步固相化学反应法分别合成了纳米SnO2,利用X-射线衍射对产物的组成进行了表征,并
Up to now, most commercial applied semiconductor gas sensors were made from ceramics. Since 1990, with the development in Micro-Electronics, Automatization and Computer Science et al, it is believed that the miniaturization, integration and multi-function will be the development trends in gas sensors. The gas sensing efficiency of the material depends on its micro-structural properties which are related to its method of preparation, which plays a very important role with regard to the chemical, structural and properties of nanomaterials. These reported methods for preparing oxide nanomatrials usually require multi-step, higher temperature, special apparatus and rigorous conditions. In this paper, a series of nanomaterials were prepared by simple and convenient low-heating solid-state chemical reaction methods with suitable conditions of experiment. In this paper, the main content is divided into three chapters:
In the first chapter, ZnO nanoparticles and nanorods were prepared by one-step solid-state chemical reaction of zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide under the suitable experiment’s conditions. The compositions of samples were determined by XRD and TG-DTA. The sphere-like or rod-like morphology of samples were observed by TEM and SEM. The gas sensing properties of ZnO were studied by HW-30A. Results show that the gas sensing properties of ZnO nanoparticles were better than gas sensing properties of ZnO nanorods, ZnO nanoparticles doped with and without Nd2O3 and Ce2O3 were prepared by solid-state synthesis. Crystal structure and microstructure of nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The sensitivity of the materials was investigated at different operating temperatures to ethanol, acetone, LPG, ammonia and hydrogen. The results show that the sensitivity
引文
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