基于仪表总线的嵌入式通信接口的设计研究
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摘要
仪表总线，作为欧洲标准的“三表”专用总线，近年来已引起国内仪表界的广
泛关注。本论文主要论述了仪表总线的通信机理及其嵌入式主从通信接口的设计。
论文首先研究了METER-BUS(简称M-BUS)的通信协议。它与现场总线
一样也是参照了ISO-OSI七层参考模型；不同的是：M-BUS在7个OSI层的上
面又定义了一个管理层以直接修改地址、波特率等参数。
同时，为了将不同类型的智能计量仪表采集的信号集成到M-Bus系统，本文从
如下两方面作了探讨： (1) 各仪表设计应遵循的特定要求； (2) 开发一种专用的
总线接口将户用计量仪表(包括水表、燃气表、热量表等)与M-Bus系统链接，并
探讨了总线接口的物理性能、数据链路、数据标识及数据安全性和数据表达格式的
要求。
嵌入式通信接口的设计是仪表总线的关键部分，也是研究仪表总线的难点部
分。它包括主机接口的设计和从机接口的设计。本文所设计的主机接口的功能是，
将来自PC机上的RS232电平转换成M-Bus电平，以便于给M-Bus终端仪表远程
供电及搜索、读取、管理为数多达250个的终端仪表；所设计的从机接口的功能是，
按要求发送、接收数据，并将终端仪表的数字信号转化成M-BUS电平信号。从结构
上来说，本文所设计的主机接口包括：电压供应模块、发送器、接收器、中继器及
过载报警模块；所设计的从机接口包括：由MSP430微处理器构成的从机控制器模
块及TSS721A构成的总线电源驱动模块。在信号调制方式上，实现了主机接口向
从机接口发送数据的电压调制，以及从机接口向主机接口发送数据的电流调制，而
且数据传输线和电源线合二为一，终端仪表通过从机接口以总线、电池、总线／电池
三种方式获取电源。在软件设计中，主要设计了主机接口根据通配符搜索从机的程
序及从机接口按要求发送、接收数据的程序。论文给出了通信系统的结构图，接口
的硬件原理图及主要软件的流程图。
论文在远传预付费系统的三表集成和主从机接口的设计方面具有一定的创新。
M-bus , as a Europe standard of water meter ,gas meter,and electricity meter, has attracted wide attentions in instrument field. The mechanism of m-bus communication and its embedded master and slave interface for communication are researched.
As a toll-gate between bus and terminal unit, bus interface should meet all those requirements of M-bus such as :communication protocol and feature of data transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to research the communication protocol for M-bus before commencing bus interface. As the same with the Fieldbus, the protocol is based on ISO-OSI (International Standard Organization-Open System Interconnection) , but it is not different from Fieldbus in many aspects, above which are designed a management layer to control the parameters of address , baud rate and so on.
At the other hand, in order to integrate the signals from different terminal instruments into M-Bus system , for instance AMR (Automatic Meter Reading system) ,there are two ways to fellow :
a) .Designing terminal instruments according to the same prescriptive standards;
b). Developing a special bus interface so as to link terminal instruments and M-Bus system.
For the purpose of the paper, great efforts are made to research the process of bus interface dealing with data ,such as the basic principle of data transmission , interface forms and the requirements including physics features, data link, data ID (identification),data security and data format. All those can get the result that they benefit to help data link between slave station and master station unseallingly.
The design of the embedded interface for communication is one of the key parts and difficulties in the process of researching M-bus. It includes master interface and slave interface. The function of master interface is to convert the RS485 voltage into M-Bus voltage so as to supply terminal instruments and to search, read, manage up to 250 terminal instruments. Meanwhile , the function of slave interface is to convert the data from terminal units into M-bus pulse signal according configuration of pulse increment and unit of different terminal instruments. For structure, master interface includes power supply module, transmitter module, receiver module, overload warning module, and repeater module; slave interface includes MSP430 micprocessor module and Microcontroller --TSS721A transceiver module. For signal modulation, it is modulated by voltage from master to slave and by current from slave to master, what is most important is that data transmitter and power supply share one signal line .
In the process of soft designing, the keys are to search slaves according Wildcards and exchange character between interface and terminal instrument. The related flow diagram and principle diagram about soft and hard designing are given in the paper.
There are some innovations in the fellowing aspects:
a) Integrating water meter ,gas meter,and electricity meter into one system;
b) Soft and hard designing.
泛关注。本论文主要论述了仪表总线的通信机理及其嵌入式主从通信接口的设计。
论文首先研究了METER-BUS(简称M-BUS)的通信协议。它与现场总线
一样也是参照了ISO-OSI七层参考模型；不同的是：M-BUS在7个OSI层的上
面又定义了一个管理层以直接修改地址、波特率等参数。
同时，为了将不同类型的智能计量仪表采集的信号集成到M-Bus系统，本文从
如下两方面作了探讨： (1) 各仪表设计应遵循的特定要求； (2) 开发一种专用的
总线接口将户用计量仪表(包括水表、燃气表、热量表等)与M-Bus系统链接，并
探讨了总线接口的物理性能、数据链路、数据标识及数据安全性和数据表达格式的
要求。
嵌入式通信接口的设计是仪表总线的关键部分，也是研究仪表总线的难点部
分。它包括主机接口的设计和从机接口的设计。本文所设计的主机接口的功能是，
将来自PC机上的RS232电平转换成M-Bus电平，以便于给M-Bus终端仪表远程
供电及搜索、读取、管理为数多达250个的终端仪表；所设计的从机接口的功能是，
按要求发送、接收数据，并将终端仪表的数字信号转化成M-BUS电平信号。从结构
上来说，本文所设计的主机接口包括：电压供应模块、发送器、接收器、中继器及
过载报警模块；所设计的从机接口包括：由MSP430微处理器构成的从机控制器模
块及TSS721A构成的总线电源驱动模块。在信号调制方式上，实现了主机接口向
从机接口发送数据的电压调制，以及从机接口向主机接口发送数据的电流调制，而
且数据传输线和电源线合二为一，终端仪表通过从机接口以总线、电池、总线／电池
三种方式获取电源。在软件设计中，主要设计了主机接口根据通配符搜索从机的程
序及从机接口按要求发送、接收数据的程序。论文给出了通信系统的结构图，接口
的硬件原理图及主要软件的流程图。
论文在远传预付费系统的三表集成和主从机接口的设计方面具有一定的创新。
M-bus , as a Europe standard of water meter ,gas meter,and electricity meter, has attracted wide attentions in instrument field. The mechanism of m-bus communication and its embedded master and slave interface for communication are researched.
As a toll-gate between bus and terminal unit, bus interface should meet all those requirements of M-bus such as :communication protocol and feature of data transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to research the communication protocol for M-bus before commencing bus interface. As the same with the Fieldbus, the protocol is based on ISO-OSI (International Standard Organization-Open System Interconnection) , but it is not different from Fieldbus in many aspects, above which are designed a management layer to control the parameters of address , baud rate and so on.
At the other hand, in order to integrate the signals from different terminal instruments into M-Bus system , for instance AMR (Automatic Meter Reading system) ,there are two ways to fellow :
a) .Designing terminal instruments according to the same prescriptive standards;
b). Developing a special bus interface so as to link terminal instruments and M-Bus system.
For the purpose of the paper, great efforts are made to research the process of bus interface dealing with data ,such as the basic principle of data transmission , interface forms and the requirements including physics features, data link, data ID (identification),data security and data format. All those can get the result that they benefit to help data link between slave station and master station unseallingly.
The design of the embedded interface for communication is one of the key parts and difficulties in the process of researching M-bus. It includes master interface and slave interface. The function of master interface is to convert the RS485 voltage into M-Bus voltage so as to supply terminal instruments and to search, read, manage up to 250 terminal instruments. Meanwhile , the function of slave interface is to convert the data from terminal units into M-bus pulse signal according configuration of pulse increment and unit of different terminal instruments. For structure, master interface includes power supply module, transmitter module, receiver module, overload warning module, and repeater module; slave interface includes MSP430 micprocessor module and Microcontroller --TSS721A transceiver module. For signal modulation, it is modulated by voltage from master to slave and by current from slave to master, what is most important is that data transmitter and power supply share one signal line .
In the process of soft designing, the keys are to search slaves according Wildcards and exchange character between interface and terminal instrument. The related flow diagram and principle diagram about soft and hard designing are given in the paper.
There are some innovations in the fellowing aspects:
a) Integrating water meter ,gas meter,and electricity meter into one system;
b) Soft and hard designing.
引文
[1] Gabele, E., Kroll, M., Kreft, W : communication in Rechnernetzen, Springer Verlag Heidelberg, 1991
[2] Steffens, Andreas : Diplomarbeit " Der M-Bus-Eigenschaften und Anwendungen", University of Paderborn, Department of Physics, 1992
[3] Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH : Data Sheet TSS 721, 1993
[4] Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH : Seminar Material, M-Bus Workshop, 1992
[5] Ziegler, Horst: Seminar Material, M-Bus Workshop, 1992
[6] IEC 870-5-1 : Telecontrol Equipment and Systems, Part 5 Transmission Protocols, Section One-Transmission Frame Formats, 1990
[7] IEC 870-5-2 : Telecontrol Equipment and Systems, Part 5 Transmission Protocols, Section Two-Link Transmission Procedures, 1992
[8] EN1434-3: Heat Meters, Part 3 Data Exchange and Interface, 1997
[9] Aquametro AG Therwil: M-Bus Automatic Slave Recognition with Wildcard Algorithm, 1992
[10] Papenheim, Andreas: Diplomarbeit "Anwendungs beispiele fur den M-Bus", University of Paderborn, Department of Physics, 1993
[11] Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH: Applications Report "Designing Applications for the Meter-Bus", 1994 (transktion of reference [11] )
[12] Ziegler, Horst; Froschermeier Gunther: "M-Bus: Die MeBbus-Alternative", Elektronik 16/1993
[13] Ziegler. The M-B u s :A Documentation, Version 4． 8,1997(11) .
[14] Deutschland GmbH:Applications DataSheet TSS721A Texas Instruments ,1999(4) :14．
[15] http://www..relay.com/download/m-bus.htm
[16] http://www..m-bus.com/download/ m-bus.htm
[17] http://www..gongkong.com/
[18] http://www.lierda.com
[19] http://partner.advantech.com.tw
[20] http://www-k.ext.ti.com/sc/technical-support/knowledgebase.htm
[21] http://focus.ti.com/docs/training/traininghomepage.jhtml
[22] http://focus.ti.com/analog/docs/analoghomepage.jsp?tempkteId=1&familyId=2
[23] http://focus.ti.com/docs/logic/logichomepage.jhtml
[24] http://www.ti.com/corp/technical_support.htm
[25] Texas Instruments ,analog-board for the meter bus application ,1995(11) :8-11．
[26] Ziegler.. Dedicated Application Layer (M-BUS) Rev.4,2001(2) .
[27] Lutz Bierl. Metering Application Report Version 3． 0,1997(4) :12-22．
[28] 胡大可．M S P430系列F L A S H型超低功耗16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大 学出版社．
[29] 郭戈、杜红林、闫继宏、黄瑞。热能计量表的技术现状及展望[J]。甘肃工业大学 学报，2003年，第2期：82-85。
[30] 陈学军。耗能表户外计量自动抄表系统。[EB/OL]。http：//chnibs．Com．cn/xq/yant/， 2001-03-01/2002-05-14。
[31] 江建林．关于集中供热分户计量的解决方案与措施控制 [EB/OL]．http：//chnibs．Com．cn/forum/，2001-04-06/2002-05-14。
[32] 何绍文..关于集中供热分户计的政策和技术问题 [EB/OL]．http：//chinahvacr．com/hotspot/hca/qita，2001-08-10/2002-05-14。
[33] 常东来．江亿．TSS721A在自动抄表系统中的应用．电子技术应用2000年08 期：59-60
[34] 孔慧芳，姜虎．一种暖气自动计量系统的设计．电子技术应用2001年10期：45-46． 白连润．现场仪表的总线化问题 中国仪器仪表2001年01期：1-3
[35] 田亮．刘鑫屏一种总线供电的现场总线智能仪表设计方案 中国仪器仪表 2001 年04：16-18
[36] 陶永明．刘立国．陈永刚．M-Bus终端收发芯片TSS721的原理及应用 国外电子元 器件 2002年09期：31-33
[37] 刘鑫屏．田亮．基于仪表总线的分布式测控系统设计 中国仪器仪表 2002年S1 期：4-6
[38] 孟样．孙海．徐春艳．M-BUS 总线及其应用 仪表技术与传感器 2003年03 期：43-45
[39] 田巨龙．汤黎明．潘兆岳．赵文干．基于M-bus方式的集中供氧数据采集计量系 统医疗设备信息2003年04期：12-14
[40] 孙钊．秦丽君．高丽．煤气自动计量与检测系统西安工业学院学报2002年02 期：125-128
[41] 田巨龙．詹朝云．潘兆岳．汤黎明．M-bus总线在集中供氧数据采集计量中的应用 医疗卫生装备 2003年11期：19-20
[2] Steffens, Andreas : Diplomarbeit " Der M-Bus-Eigenschaften und Anwendungen", University of Paderborn, Department of Physics, 1992
[3] Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH : Data Sheet TSS 721, 1993
[4] Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH : Seminar Material, M-Bus Workshop, 1992
[5] Ziegler, Horst: Seminar Material, M-Bus Workshop, 1992
[6] IEC 870-5-1 : Telecontrol Equipment and Systems, Part 5 Transmission Protocols, Section One-Transmission Frame Formats, 1990
[7] IEC 870-5-2 : Telecontrol Equipment and Systems, Part 5 Transmission Protocols, Section Two-Link Transmission Procedures, 1992
[8] EN1434-3: Heat Meters, Part 3 Data Exchange and Interface, 1997
[9] Aquametro AG Therwil: M-Bus Automatic Slave Recognition with Wildcard Algorithm, 1992
[10] Papenheim, Andreas: Diplomarbeit "Anwendungs beispiele fur den M-Bus", University of Paderborn, Department of Physics, 1993
[11] Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH: Applications Report "Designing Applications for the Meter-Bus", 1994 (transktion of reference [11] )
[12] Ziegler, Horst; Froschermeier Gunther: "M-Bus: Die MeBbus-Alternative", Elektronik 16/1993
[13] Ziegler. The M-B u s :A Documentation, Version 4． 8,1997(11) .
[14] Deutschland GmbH:Applications DataSheet TSS721A Texas Instruments ,1999(4) :14．
[15] http://www..relay.com/download/m-bus.htm
[16] http://www..m-bus.com/download/ m-bus.htm
[17] http://www..gongkong.com/
[18] http://www.lierda.com
[19] http://partner.advantech.com.tw
[20] http://www-k.ext.ti.com/sc/technical-support/knowledgebase.htm
[21] http://focus.ti.com/docs/training/traininghomepage.jhtml
[22] http://focus.ti.com/analog/docs/analoghomepage.jsp?tempkteId=1&familyId=2
[23] http://focus.ti.com/docs/logic/logichomepage.jhtml
[24] http://www.ti.com/corp/technical_support.htm
[25] Texas Instruments ,analog-board for the meter bus application ,1995(11) :8-11．
[26] Ziegler.. Dedicated Application Layer (M-BUS) Rev.4,2001(2) .
[27] Lutz Bierl. Metering Application Report Version 3． 0,1997(4) :12-22．
[28] 胡大可．M S P430系列F L A S H型超低功耗16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大 学出版社．
[29] 郭戈、杜红林、闫继宏、黄瑞。热能计量表的技术现状及展望[J]。甘肃工业大学 学报，2003年，第2期：82-85。
[30] 陈学军。耗能表户外计量自动抄表系统。[EB/OL]。http：//chnibs．Com．cn/xq/yant/， 2001-03-01/2002-05-14。
[31] 江建林．关于集中供热分户计量的解决方案与措施控制 [EB/OL]．http：//chnibs．Com．cn/forum/，2001-04-06/2002-05-14。
[32] 何绍文..关于集中供热分户计的政策和技术问题 [EB/OL]．http：//chinahvacr．com/hotspot/hca/qita，2001-08-10/2002-05-14。
[33] 常东来．江亿．TSS721A在自动抄表系统中的应用．电子技术应用2000年08 期：59-60
[34] 孔慧芳，姜虎．一种暖气自动计量系统的设计．电子技术应用2001年10期：45-46． 白连润．现场仪表的总线化问题 中国仪器仪表2001年01期：1-3
[35] 田亮．刘鑫屏一种总线供电的现场总线智能仪表设计方案 中国仪器仪表 2001 年04：16-18
[36] 陶永明．刘立国．陈永刚．M-Bus终端收发芯片TSS721的原理及应用 国外电子元 器件 2002年09期：31-33
[37] 刘鑫屏．田亮．基于仪表总线的分布式测控系统设计 中国仪器仪表 2002年S1 期：4-6
[38] 孟样．孙海．徐春艳．M-BUS 总线及其应用 仪表技术与传感器 2003年03 期：43-45
[39] 田巨龙．汤黎明．潘兆岳．赵文干．基于M-bus方式的集中供氧数据采集计量系 统医疗设备信息2003年04期：12-14
[40] 孙钊．秦丽君．高丽．煤气自动计量与检测系统西安工业学院学报2002年02 期：125-128
[41] 田巨龙．詹朝云．潘兆岳．汤黎明．M-bus总线在集中供氧数据采集计量中的应用 医疗卫生装备 2003年11期：19-20