喀斯特山地不同人工林土壤特性综合评价
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摘要
近年来,喀斯特石漠化山地土壤质量退化已成为重要的生态环境问题,以人工造林为主的植被恢复已成为保持水土、涵养水源和提高土地生产力的主要途径。本研究选择贵州省普定县的5种不同类型人工林：8年生刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林；8年、12年、18年生滇柏(Cupressus duclouxian)林及8年生刺槐滇柏混交林为研究对象,并以未造林地作为对照。本文探讨了土壤物理、化学特性及酶活性的季节动态特征,并采用土壤综合质量指数(SQ1)对不同类型人工林地进行综合评价。主要研究结果如下：
(1)人工造林后土壤物理特性发生了明显的变化,主要表现为：土壤容重下降、土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度/毛管孔隙度及田间持水量增加。
(2)在不同类型人工林和不同林龄滇柏林地的土壤含水量、持水能力及吸水速率表现出相似的变化特征。采用y=a+b*ln (x)和y=a*(1+x)b能较好的拟合土壤持水能力及吸水速率。
(3)不同人工林地之间的土壤速效养分季节变化存在显著差异(p<0.01),而土壤酶活性却在整个研究期间变化较相似,并且与土壤水分关系密切。统计分析结果表明,土壤理化特性与土壤酶活性之间具有相互依赖、相互作用的关系。(4)利用土壤综合评价指数(SQ1)对不同类型人工林土壤质量进行综合评价,其结果为：8年生刺槐林(0.353)>12年生滇柏林(0.263)>8年生刺槐滇柏混交林(0.164)>8年生滇柏林(0.004)>未造林地(0)>18年生滇柏林(-0.091)。
Degradation of soil quality has been an essential ecological enviroment concern in rocky desertification sites of Karst region. Artificial afforestation can not only conserve soil and water but also meliorate soil quality in Karst forest ecosystem. The thesis taking five types of plantations:locust (Robinia pseudoacacia-8a; RP8); Yunnan cypress(Cupressus duclouxiana-8a,12a,18a; CD8,CD12,CD18); pure and mixed stands of locust and Yunnan cypress (R.pseudoacacia-Cupressus duclouxiana-8a; RD8) and the controlling land (non-plantation area) as the research objects at Puding county, Guizhou province, discussed the dynamics of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities and correlation between soil enzymatic activities and other factors, and then evaluated the soil quality of different types of plantations by adopting soil integrated quality index (SQI). The chief results were as follows:
(1) Soil physical properties were meliorated obviously after artificial afforestation. Soil bulk density decreased, and soil total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity/capillary porosity (NCP/CP) and field moisture capacity increased, respectively.
(2) Soil water properties such as soil water content, water capacity and water absorption rate all presented the similar order either in different types of plantations or in different ages of Yunnan cupressus stands. Logarithmic function and exponential function could describe dynamic characteristics.
(3) The dynamic variations of soil available nutrients were different remarkably (p<0.01) but the changes of enzyme activities determined under six sites had a similar tendency throughout the study and associated with soil water content. Statistical analysis showed that there existed an interdependency and interaction between soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities.
(4) Comparisons of soil integrated quality index (SQI) of different types of plantations indicated the relative order of soil quality as follows:RP8> CD12> RD8> CD8> CK> CD18, the SQI were 0.353,0.263,0.164,0.004, and -0.091 respectively taking CK as benchmark.
(1)人工造林后土壤物理特性发生了明显的变化,主要表现为：土壤容重下降、土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度/毛管孔隙度及田间持水量增加。
(2)在不同类型人工林和不同林龄滇柏林地的土壤含水量、持水能力及吸水速率表现出相似的变化特征。采用y=a+b*ln (x)和y=a*(1+x)b能较好的拟合土壤持水能力及吸水速率。
(3)不同人工林地之间的土壤速效养分季节变化存在显著差异(p<0.01),而土壤酶活性却在整个研究期间变化较相似,并且与土壤水分关系密切。统计分析结果表明,土壤理化特性与土壤酶活性之间具有相互依赖、相互作用的关系。(4)利用土壤综合评价指数(SQ1)对不同类型人工林土壤质量进行综合评价,其结果为：8年生刺槐林(0.353)>12年生滇柏林(0.263)>8年生刺槐滇柏混交林(0.164)>8年生滇柏林(0.004)>未造林地(0)>18年生滇柏林(-0.091)。
Degradation of soil quality has been an essential ecological enviroment concern in rocky desertification sites of Karst region. Artificial afforestation can not only conserve soil and water but also meliorate soil quality in Karst forest ecosystem. The thesis taking five types of plantations:locust (Robinia pseudoacacia-8a; RP8); Yunnan cypress(Cupressus duclouxiana-8a,12a,18a; CD8,CD12,CD18); pure and mixed stands of locust and Yunnan cypress (R.pseudoacacia-Cupressus duclouxiana-8a; RD8) and the controlling land (non-plantation area) as the research objects at Puding county, Guizhou province, discussed the dynamics of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities and correlation between soil enzymatic activities and other factors, and then evaluated the soil quality of different types of plantations by adopting soil integrated quality index (SQI). The chief results were as follows:
(1) Soil physical properties were meliorated obviously after artificial afforestation. Soil bulk density decreased, and soil total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity/capillary porosity (NCP/CP) and field moisture capacity increased, respectively.
(2) Soil water properties such as soil water content, water capacity and water absorption rate all presented the similar order either in different types of plantations or in different ages of Yunnan cupressus stands. Logarithmic function and exponential function could describe dynamic characteristics.
(3) The dynamic variations of soil available nutrients were different remarkably (p<0.01) but the changes of enzyme activities determined under six sites had a similar tendency throughout the study and associated with soil water content. Statistical analysis showed that there existed an interdependency and interaction between soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities.
(4) Comparisons of soil integrated quality index (SQI) of different types of plantations indicated the relative order of soil quality as follows:RP8> CD12> RD8> CD8> CK> CD18, the SQI were 0.353,0.263,0.164,0.004, and -0.091 respectively taking CK as benchmark.
引文
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